 We can hear you, in case you're not muted. Thank you. Hi, I'm Bretta. So we have live captions with this, so please do choose a language, maybe French or Arabic, Spanish, if that's helpful, which will hopefully make it easier to follow today. I would also like to invite you all to turn on your cameras and just say hello. We can turn them off again straight away if you like, but just it's always nice to see that there are people behind the letters and the screen. So, lovely. Good to see you all. Welcome. Okay, so I'll just put the agenda in the chat as well, so we can see what we're looking at today. We have, or if you could just please mute if you're not speaking, that would be great. Right, so we've put the agenda in the chat, so we have some really interesting inputs from colleagues in South Sudan, working in Northwest Syria, as well as our colleagues in the shelter cluster. I'm going to hear briefly about the Global Refugee Forum and an opportunity to be involved from the HLPAOR side as well. And I'm going to start with just an update from the HLPAOR. There's a few things that have happened recently that we want to update you about, so I'm going to start there and then we'll move through. Just a couple of things actually before we start. The agenda is in the chat, but please do use the chat to introduce yourselves, to ask any questions, to make comments. We'll also have time where you can speak directly to the rest of colleagues as well, but I know sometimes it's easier or people prefer to use the chat. Feel free to share links and resources. I know there's lots of things being produced at the moment, so it would be great to share those and make good use of that. So that's all from that side. So I need to just check one thing and then we will get going properly. Apologies. Just checking someone's here. Good, so let's begin in earnest with the agenda. From the HLPAOR side, we're really pleased to welcome our new Information Management and Coordination Advisor, Tresor Luval. Tresor will be based in, he is based in Dakar in Senegal. So he's with the NRC Central West Africa Regional Office there. And he will be providing all sorts of support to us as a global AOR on the Information Management side, but also supporting the coordination for the Francophone countries. So it's an area we've acknowledged we haven't been supporting as well as we could have done. So we wanted to make sure we had extra capacity to support that region, and Tresor will be helping to provide that. He began with us in May and has already been bringing some really good energy and ideas. So I wanted to invite Tresor to introduce himself to you and share a little bit about what he's working on. Tresor, are you there? Are you online? I know you had an appointment that maybe was causing some problems, but let's see, are you there, Tresor? Yeah, thank you, Jim. So unfortunately, I joined you from Dakar, but I'm still able to talk. So hi everyone, my name is Tresor. I just joined the HLP since May, so I'm glad to join you. And as Jim already said, I'm actually based in Dakar where I will be providing support first to the global HLP award. And apart from that also, I will be supporting the coordination for Francophone countries. So I'm very, very happy to join you. Thanks. Thanks, Tresor. Great to have you with us. I'm just going to share a little, briefly, a slide that just outlines some of the priorities for Tresor's role from the information management side. So it's going to be working on... And this is a new role for the AOR, so it's something we're developing together. And yeah, but some of the areas he'll be working on around creating dashboards to capture different types of information. And yeah, that we gather as HLP practitioners, so specific to responses and what we're doing there, but also to get a sense of who's working where, what the key issues are. He's available to support your working country as you develop your own ways of thinking about information sharing and how you manage that. Doing a lot of work on the website to make that more useful and effective, as well as looking at a longer term project to design some standalone HLP AOR web pages that we can hopefully use to bring together a lot of the many resources that are out there for HLP, both within the protection cluster and sector, but also beyond that as well. And then as I mentioned, he's going to be providing the specific support to Francophone countries where he'll be able to meet with colleagues and spend that time supporting on the coordination side as well and act as an intermediary between the global and that regional level as well. And he's available to support on that country level as part of the wider global protection cluster and the other AORs. And yeah, really looking forward to seeing his work and have an impact and get to know him more. And yeah, looking forward to having with us. So you're very welcome, Tresor. And I imagine he will be in touch with many of you if he hasn't already been. So second and less exciting, but still it happened. We had the Global Protection Conference in Amman. So some of you were able to join us there, which was great. Some of you were missed. I know there was some challenges with visas and always the challenge of travel is there. So yeah, thank you for those who made it and we were sad for those who were unable to for various reasons. Just to give a brief overview from our side, we had two days where we were just the HLP AOR together. I think there was about 15 of us in total. And then we also had three days where we were with the wider global protection cluster colleagues. So they were colleagues from different countries who were coordinators and co-coordinators, also the other AORs and some other global colleagues as well. We were joined on the fourth day by some of the other agencies that were involved in the protection cluster strategic advisory group and some donors and other agencies that are involved in a kind of a wider context. Some of the key takeaways I think from our side were, well, we were able to talk through as a group on HLP, you know, information management needs. Tresor was able to join us so he could hear firsthand some of the needs there. We were able to hear updates from different colleagues in the countries they're working in. We were able to work on the work plan, which on Brett is gonna give us an update on shortly. We also had a session with the Mine Action AOR to think more about how we collaborate further. We discussed training and training needs. And I think an overall theme was around this need for our work to connect across the nexus. You know, nexus is a word that, you know, instills delight in some and fear in others. But it is a word that we've realized, you know, we have to engage with how we as humanitarians work with our colleagues in development, those that are working on peace and conflict because land, housing, property is such a key part of that work and needs that joined up, that golden thread that we talked about across all of those. So that was something that came through. Within the protection cluster and there's an effort to try and work more closely together. So to be more coherent with the other AORs and the protection cluster. So we did discuss around how we do that. Is there a possibility to share resources around information management, around the help desk? And I think that will be quite a process to see how that works, but we had some discussions on that. We also talked about how do we work as a protection cluster and AORs on things like case management, referrals, service mapping, where can we do those things together? Where do we need to have separate, specific and specialist approaches to that? So that was an interesting discussion to begin. And I think there'll be more on that as we go forward, thinking about how we can really share the resources we have to be more effective. And we're talking about that within the protection cluster and the AORs, but it's also very relevant to our work with shelter cluster, with CCCM, wash, livelihoods, et cetera, et cetera. So that's definitely a theme that's there. But yeah, and it was great to be together and to really be able to spend some time discussing what these things mean for HLP colleagues as well. So I'm sure there will be lots we will be following up on in the coming year. And one of the things that we were able to work on together was on the HLP AOR work plan. So, Ombretta, just hand over to you to bring us up to date on that. And I did attach copies of this to the meeting invite, but I'll put them in the chat as well if my technology allows to make sure everyone has a copy. Ombretta, over to you. Thanks, Jim. And good afternoon, good morning, good evening, everyone. Indeed, those of you who couldn't make it were missed, but it was a good opportunity to catch up with those who were there. And I found it myself as coming new in this role, very helpful as well for me to learn the different aspects of protection and how to connect with the HLP, how to feed the HLP in those and also better understand the needs of those in the field so that will help us in supporting all of you in the coming years. Yes, so the work plan, this was based a lot on the discussion that took place before the conference itself. And thanks again to all of you who gave inputs in this process and provided suggestions. And then it was refined and further developed during the Global Protection Conference. So the work plan has five main areas, the one you'll see here now on my screen, hopefully you can see my screen, has community of practice being one. The second one is support on HLP in country operations. The third one is website and newsletter. The third, fourth is advocacy and visibility. And the fifth one is training and capacity development. So just to give an overview. I'm going quickly through it because exactly Jim has placed it in the meeting in Byte. So you'll be able to see it in more detail and definitely as we go along and we shadow the different events, you will obviously be informed. So there is an aspect of the community of practice work that involves the coordination and coordinating the participation in global meetings where the AOR has a role and these are many, including some of those that already took place this year, including the conference. Coordinate the meetings like this one. Then we will have some thematic specific discussions. This is a discussion like today where we have quick updates on the different streams of work are extremely helpful, but we will try to shadow events that are led by different organization and people from the field, from the regions, either on a country or on a specific topics just to zoom in and focus on those particular topics. And you'll see there on the screen, the one that proposed themselves in terms of countries but also in terms of thematics. I hope you see my screen moving. I'm just showing the Excel, but yeah, it shall be for a quick response, for example, or in customary non-register areas where land rights are not registered. It shall be an indurable solution. What exactly does it mean? But also in emergency, you know, of course we look at the Nexus, but also we still need to be effective and improve our efficiency when we undertake emergencies. The whole aspects of due diligence, preventing evictions, women, HLP rights, and also restitution and compensation. There will be also, you know, the global meeting with the coordination quarterly. We will continue participating in governance structures that exist, you know, as part of the protection cluster and feedback relevant discussion into these kind of forums. There is an area that was debated quite at length at the conference, at the Global Protection Conference on data, which we could summarize by saying we need to understand better together the ecosystem of the HLP data. So what data is being collected at the field level, which indicators are being used, which organization or partners collect what HLP data and how we can help people at the country level to, you know, participate more effectively with data collection and feeding it in the humanitarian needs assessment or any other processes that require actually some baseline and targets on HLP. So we'll probably look at having a meeting on this, later this year, you know, but that is also doing some work and I know many of you are as well. We'll continue striving on being more inclusive in terms of language, at least for French, Arabic and Spanish, and Trezor definitely and others are a resource on that. For the support of HLP in country operations, we'll continue support countries with the work on the humanitarian program cycle and there are different streams of activities there, definitely these sort of help desk functions that exist will probably continue being the key entry point for you to reach out and seek information help and then we can, Jim and I can help you, you know, being put in touch with others which had experience on that share, can share all existing tools that will also be put on the website, et cetera. We'll strengthen the part on information management also with the help of Trezor, including support with information management to the countries. We'll continue to carry out the help desk function and organize some targeted missions to some of the countries depending on a number of factors that could involve missions of the protection clusters or other country mission or opportunities, maybe of events that happen in the countries where we can converge and try to bring in additional expertise to specific countries, help connecting relevant actors at the country level. Of course, we know that most of you or many of you in the countries have excellent reach out to the countries, to the partners that are in the countries but, you know, if possible, there will be perhaps additional stakeholders that other organization have been working with, maybe not so much in the humanitarian field, maybe more in the development field or government counterparts. So let's join effort to make sure when you intervene in a context, all the key stakeholders are called in and we'll try to put together a coordination ticket to, I mean, to draw together the resources that are existing on coordination. Website and newsletter will continue the efforts around that. Please do provide information so that we can share it from the countries and advocacy visibility that's very important. This comes in form of events or, you know, intervening in different platforms but we'll also support advocacy activity at country level when needed and, you know, when the need is flagged and connect further and ensure that HLP content gets communicated consistently and more to different humanitarian actors but also to development actors to exactly bridge these humanitarian development divide along the famous nexus. We are also striving and increasing the collaboration with other actors and clusters in AORs working on HLP like the shelter clusters, CCCM, GPV, Mine Action, et cetera. To conclude on training, so definitely we'll ensure and we continue trying to make sure that all the training and training materials can be found easily on the website. We'll scope out for more and ensure basically the AOR website becomes a repository for these training materials. Probably some of the partners here are also working on strengthening this dimension so we'll make sure everything is shared with the AOR. When possible, we'll try to organize and support training events so please do reach out to us if you are planning or something at the country level that we can complement in person or remotely with additional expertise and probably we'll try to find some funds also to organize training events where yourselves and your partners can take part on. And lastly, I don't remember what is this last point. Ah yes, there is a specialist program on protection coordinator. Coordination is a training that exists and is offered and Jim has been coordinating the participation in this one. I'm sure you've been receiving the emails around that. So in a nutshell, sorry I took a bit long time but this is an overview of the work plan and we'll do our best to make sure it's implemented timely with the support of all of you and exciting two years ahead to see all the streams of work coming through. Thanks Jim, over to you. Thanks Ombretta. Did you want to add anything around the conversation on data? Yeah, no, I just wanted to add that that as indeed thanks Jim for reminding me as you inhabited, we have mobilized, we are strengthening a little bit our data side as an organization and also the part on the aspect of data and indicators on HLP is included in these efforts. So we have been having discussion with our data colleagues to propose a template that we can use to start populating and seek all the data on HLP or as much as possible data on HLP that is already being collected by other partner repository of this information and then maybe analyze it together to see where are the complementarities? There are some gaps if there are some few specific indicators or data sets that could be perhaps recommended to countries that need to collect HLP data but do not have a specific data collection or methodology in mind already. So what I wanted to say, I mean, this is obviously we just starting now. If any of you or your organization want to be kept in the loop and contribute to this mapping, please write to us, you can write to me or me and Jim and we'll ensure you can be informed a bit more regularly on this and contribute. Thank you, over. Thanks, Arboretta. Does anyone have any questions or comments on aspects of the work plan that we've shared there? I think one of the things is that, as you know, we are a sort of a coordination hub for all the excellent, amazing work that's being done by you and by colleagues and it's definitely a collaborative effort. So yeah, it relies on you being involved in us, doing what we can to support what you're doing. So if there's any questions or comments that'd be great to hear, either you can either speak them out or put things in the chat, anything that caught your eye, anything that you would like to be more involved with. And that's an open question, actually. If there are aspects there that you feel actually aligned with what you're working on now or a particular interest, then you do let us know either here or through email or other channels and we can make sure we include you as we're planning and focusing on those areas. So yeah, I see you have Tamu in the chat there, experience sharing between countries, H or PORs. So that peer-to-peer exchange. Yeah, I think that's definitely well noted. We'll make sure we create some opportunities for that. Hopefully when we have the thematic focus and that's kind of sharing, we can emphasize the country to countries working together. Stephanie, yeah, on the mapping and making the connections between Durable Solutions and HLP. I think, yeah, certainly from our side, definitely learning on that. And it's great to have you and Habitat and others involved to make sure we really push on that. And I see a hand raised. Yeah, Peter, please come in. Hi, yes, yes. Thank you very much, Jim and Ombrata. My name is Peter Dain. I work as a support the HLP AOR in South Sudan as the co-lead. My interest is on the support for advocacy at the country levels. So I wanted to know how you plan to do that and how we could work hand in hand just in case I missed that. Thank you. Thanks. Yes, so I mean, I can get back and then Jim, please do add. This is obviously can happen in different ways and has been happening in different ways. For example, I recall recently when there was the Global Protection Mission to Somalia, there was a set of messages being put out and the HLP angle was strengthened as part of the broader discussions. It can be as part, for example, for Libya. I'm just thinking now a recent example to make sure that this doesn't fall off the table when, for example, a discussion happened at the UN country team level. So there can be obviously there needs to be a dialogue and discussion perhaps from the country level how things are laid out there and what kind of input will require for the global level and then we can see how we can come in from the global side. So for South Sudan perhaps, you know, since you are leading and you know maybe where the gaps are, it will be useful to see and perhaps have a separate call to see what can be done from our side and bringing in the global levels from our own organization but also count on the different processes where we are participating to make sure that if there are specific gaps and needs an opportunity, we don't miss them. Jim, anything in addition to that? I mean basically, yes, exactly as you say. I know in the past we would have, sometimes we'll have a call or a conversation with colleagues there to discuss some of the ideas and then if there's examples from other countries that we can share maybe some templates or where they've put together some kind of resource, we can do that. I think I know in South Sudan there's been the development of some messages and a lot of work around advocacy with government colleagues but also beyond and we I think had the protection analysis update that focused on HLP issues there which was a collaboration between yourselves in country but also with the global protection cluster as well. So yeah, we can, I think the main thing is to have that open communication and talk through ideas and see what the best support is for your needs but we're certainly happy to have those conversations and either put you in contact with people who know more about advocacy than we do or draw on resources as well. So yeah, thanks for your question, Peter. It would be good to keep in touch on that with you and with Peace and with Kezia as well. And there is also a question on research so I would like to say, I mean, probably, I don't know, maybe some of you don't know how the AOR is funded but the AOR doesn't have a specific project per se, right? So we do not have funding for activities, it's just personnel funding for coordination but we'll ensure that the linkages are made with opportunities for research and now I really see the need, for example, of more research in Yemen. Indeed, by the way, I was reviewing a piece of research on Yemen right yesterday. We know there is little available and very few documented as well from our side Yonabi that, for example, we are starting soon an original program for the Arab states where there will be funding for research. So we'll make sure when the research, the call for research is out, it will be probably late this year or early next year. We'll share with the AOR to make sure that actually, you know, the countries where there is less and definitely Yemen is one of them get somehow prioritized. Over to you, Jim. Thanks, yes. We have a really small pot sometimes for some activities. Occasionally, like we did two years ago, we did an HLP scoping study in Yemen which tried to understand what the HLP issues were, what who some of the key actors were and I think that played a role in seeing HLP coordination start to happen more and more. So, yeah, that would be, I mean, yeah, so we can sometimes do that, but I think even just drawing together the different bits of research that are relevant, the things that are being done would be something that we can do and make sure those are shared widely. Joseph, do you want to comment on your comment about adding in something on HLP and appeals? Yeah, sure. I mean, I had a recent correspondence with FTS because I was trying to find something else out about HLP and it's not consistently reflected. And then I looked through a bunch of appeals and it's basically very inconsistently reflected in appeals. It appears in narratives, but some appeals are itemized and split out. But as a result, we're not asking for money for HLP, so clearly donors can't fund it. So I think it might be interesting to see something in the work plan about how we see HLP reflected in the HNO and appeals process. HNO, HLP, appeals process. Great, thanks. Yeah, really good insight. Yeah, sorry, I'm better here. Yeah, no, that's true. And that's actually, yeah, one of the aspects is this data one that I was mentioning because, yeah, we felt, I mean, the discussion was like, that because we receive request and we don't maybe know exactly how to guide enough countries on what data can be put together or how to collect information then when the needs are put forward is difficult to have consolidated data. So that's one aspect and we wanted to start having, not really because I think some people also proposed a guideline on how to address HLP in appeals, so I think we are not ready yet for a guideline, but we will try to maybe put together some examples or document some of the countries where HLP were reflected well in appeals. How was that possible? What made it possible? Was it the coordination? Was it a more extensive investment on data? Was a better piggybacking on assessment, just to document and learn lessons where it worked and then we can perhaps take it forward and, yeah, thanks for sharing the examples from Ethiopia and Somalia. We can definitely look at those and, yeah, please that will be helpful, you know, if maybe we can count also new on sharing, maybe even just one page on some of these processes. Thank you. Thanks, yeah, we did do a little bit of work around trying to develop an advocacy piece for donors around HLP and the inclusion of HLP within you know, guideline lines but also, you know, to make that a requirement of funding requests and those kind of things as well. And I think that we have been talking about what do we do with that, how do we develop that further a bit of a momentum around trying to develop that aspect of our work in a number of different organizations where I've spoken with including IOM. There seems to be an appetite to try and push to make sure HLP, sort of due diligence for example, is included in all kind of humanitarian programming and I think that can include how we talk to, you know, donors and others as well. So, yeah, thank you that's well noted. Great, thanks for your comments and inputs on that. We're going to move now to Eleonora. So, Pete from UN Habitat who's going to give us a brief update on the new training animation around Women, Land and Peace. Eleonora, over to you. Thank you, Jim. Good afternoon. Yes, so today I would like to present to you some of you might have already been informed or seen it online in the occasion of the Global Protection Class Conference that was held in Amman we launched the training video on Women, Land and Peace, sustaining peace through Women's Empowerment and increased access to house land and property rights in a fragile and conflict-affected context. I packed here in the chat the link to the animations. I also included an animation like this is the advocacy video that was released early this year in the occasion of International Women's Day. So, the training video is it has been designed to be added to use training module that can be used as standalone or it can be featured in other training activity or capacity development activities related to land, house land and property rights, women empowerment and it targets primarily but not only practitioners approaching the work on land and gender issues in a fragile context without people who don't have an extensive background or technical knowledge on the topic. So, the video opens stressing on the importance and the urgency of protecting women housing and property rights for achieving and maintaining peace and it provides actionable recommendations from protecting women and men's rights during conflict and displacement upon return and for conflict prevention and in the recovery phase. So, yeah, as I was saying here in the chat you can find all the links to the website where it has been uploaded the videos that are available in English, Arabic and French and I am available for any questions that you might have right now or in the future if you would like to feature the video in one of your trainings, upload it on your website. Yeah, I'm here. Thank you very much Jim. Thanks Arnaud and please do take a look at those and share them widely. They're really engaging and available in multiple languages as well. So, please do do that. Great, thank you. So, we're going to turn now slightly changing the agenda just to accommodate different people's availabilities and things. I'm going to turn to Abirah Lopez who's going to give us an update from the shelter cluster side. Abirah is the HLP advisor for IOM but also for their shelter cluster as well. So, Abirah, over to you. Alright, thanks Jim. Thank you for this. I'm here in Washington DC after the HLP crisis conference. So, I think that for this short briefing it would be interesting to talk a little bit about the conference and also some initiatives that we are planning to do collectively with the wider community of practice. So, first about the conference. The conference finished yesterday. It was the first US-based conference on HLP crisis and the idea was to try to bridge the gap between the HLP in emergencies and the land tenure and property rights work that is done in development. So, try to pull these actors together and learn from them. So, I think that in our sector, which is the HLP in emergency response we lack a lot of the knowledge that has been built over decades in the land tenure and property rights sector mostly by private companies implementing donor projects, USAID projects, difficult projects, CIDA projects World Bank projects. So, we tried to bridge this gap and I think it was great for that. We had a tendency of many, many private sector implementing partners but also donors had BHA, USAID World Bank and then we had thematic areas discussing different issues related to HLP. So, I think that the two overarching sort of themes that came up one was this, the needs to further engage with the land tenure and property rights sector to learn from them, learn from their tools but also to this exchange so we can eventually get to some sort of coordination which is today is basically in existence. And the second one is the way in which we have this dialogue and engagement with donors because donors even though like you're saying Jim we all agree that we need to do diligence before many of the interventions that we do and donors agree with that but then at the end we even on their side they don't know how to incorporate that and many times the HOP one is just an add-on to a shelter project for example the HOP is cut out of the budget and one of the things that we were discussing on how to keep it in there is a way of quantifying the HOP risk quantifying the land tenure risk so that we can justify keeping it in the proposals something that will increase the effectiveness of the response so but I think that there will be an outcome document from the conference and I would invite everyone to participate in that I mean Jim you participated virtually and it was incredible because you prepared recorded videos and it was like you were featuring a big screen in the conference and it really felt that you were there because you're also responding to comments that were made in the conference and people didn't understand how you knew that those comments were made so you definitely had a contribution and a voice there so it was good thank you for doing that but I think that it merits the outcomes of the conference merits a dedicated sort of debrief with all of you so maybe we can schedule that for another day and then the second update just changing gears here the second update is that we've been discussing we've been preparing internally with IOM and the Latin American region we've prepared some guidelines for rental assistance programs that have been implemented by different shelter partners in Latin America and we got requests from different partners all over the world about developing more HOP guidance on rental assistance so we were discussing with internally and with the global shelter cluster as maybe a point in our work plan to develop that in coordination with the wider community of practice and see well first of all of course see what's already there because there are good guidance already there but also see where the gaps are and then try to develop that collectively so yeah so I'll leave it at that thanks Jim Great thanks, thanks Iberia Can I just add a word after Iberia who's the focal point for the global shelter cluster to just say two or three words on the upcoming annual meeting for the global shelter cluster which is strongly related of course to HLP rights as well as HLP rights has been identified as one of the priority topics also for the global shelter cluster strategy which is is just sort of in making and I'll share in the link of course also the link to the agenda for the global shelter cluster annual meeting which is taking place June 21st and 22nd because we do have thematic sessions which link very much on Bretter what you just said in the work plan one is of course about the wider impact where HLP is a topic then there's also of course the session about durable solutions and recovery where we all know HLP is of course one of the main issues that needs to be discussed and considered so I'll just share the link to the agenda and just wanted to flag that thank you Thanks Stephanie and Stephanie just say briefly your role because you've joined fairly recently and some people might not know who you are I've joined the global shelter cluster as some shelter cluster coordinator and I'm based in Geneva supporting the global team yeah and HLP is like very close to my heart because of formal roles Great thank you Stephanie There's all sorts of things going on to think about how we work even more closely across the different clusters and sectors and I think we want to continue that with noting your comment Carol in the chat around how we connect better with the development side and I think that's something that's on a lot of our agendas Ombretta yes please Yes I just wanted to as well fully agree with that and this was part of the reason why as an habitat we felt to come in again as coordinator of the AOR and try to bridge the expertise and even the tools, the publications that are being developed for the more developmental you know partners that sometimes do not understand I mean they understand the same issues but from different language and I think there is a lot of opportunities to bring the two communities closely just by you know having us developing a common language or understanding our respective different languages and what exactly I just wanted to reflect on the aspect that is key to this discussion and I better you mention is really about the risks the way the development partner understand and mitigate the risk when they come into doing land and housing work or reconstruction work in areas affected by conflict and that's where is an area where I think the humanitarian community developed a lot of expertise that could facilitate actually a lot of the intervention that the other side want to do you know particularly in reconstruction exactly so very happy to hear that this was really advanced in that conference and looking forward to being involved in a discussion in the next month thanks over great yeah thanks Stephanie thanks for those comments as well and right we're going to move now to the next part of the agenda I want to invite colleagues from South Sudan to introduce and share something around a workshop on women's HLP that was coordinated and happened earlier this year so I'm going to pass to Peace Mababaze who's our NRC's IKLA specialist and one of the co-leads of the HLP OR in South Sudan along with Peter and also to Dorothy Drabuga who's the executive director of the Women Foundation for Humanity so peace and Dorothy you're very welcome and over to you Thank you for the kind introduction without further ado we'll try to share our presentation but the bigger part of the presentation will be done by Dorothy as you have mentioned Jimmy will kindly let me know if you're able to see our screen Yes we see your screen So we'll be talking about access to land for women and the challenges and any associated challenges in South Sudan So basically why are we pushing the issue of women and land rights when we know that land rights and women is a foundation for livelihoods for communities, food security, nutrition and all those things then we also know that it forms part of it's crucial for forming culture and identity and then continuation but then we also know in context like South Sudan in particular women are usually ignored in policy in structuring HLP rights for women so recently in one of the key developments that there was an assessment then assessing the related legal policy and frameworks because one of the things that we know that the transitional constitution of South Sudan actually gives rights to women to own land but in practice is not the case so an assessment with the support of IGAD was conducted to check out what different policy documents then talk about the women land rights. One of the things strategic key strategic identified challenges were that when they need to protect rights and protection of SIBO and customary marriages for women to be able to access or enjoy the women land rights and then issues to do with presumptive marriages because not very many women actually in recognized marriages and then that leads to the then that leads to that gap creates a lot of deliberate remove or basically that women then do not have a space to talk about their land rights and also to have this conversation because of the the kind of marriages that they are in and then one of the things that we saw was the requirement for joint consent for land transaction both in the urban and in the rural areas which is also much associated with marriages and therefore we also saw that oftentimes the women are then not participating in land registration or in the acquisition of land so what are the key priority areas that we are working on knowing that the structure exclusion of women we are working with Dorothy she will introduce her organization and how we are supporting them to work with breast milk women to increase awareness on women land rights but also to ensure that there is more platform given to women to demand for equitable access to land you welcome that's introduction thank you once again my name is Dorothy I am the executive director of women foundation for humanity maybe briefly about women foundation we are a women organization we mostly focus on women's HLT rights and also we do women and climate change we do economic empowerment we do we also give a civic education to the women and also we do women peace and security 1325 so basically this is what we do under these women's land rights project we have owned women groups under this project they are known as community women land rights and leadership forum groups in juba we have 10 groups and each of these 10 group has 20-20 women and then in eastern Equatoria that is Taurit Taurit we have 40 women and also in Nimule we have 40 women so within these groups we train these women we sensitize them on the basic laws in the country that protects their rights and also we give them startup capitals like to do small businesses so that if they get some problems especially land related challenges they can be able to raise money from the businesses they can go to court they can also like buy land so basically that is what we do with these women groups apart from that women foundation for humanity is also doing advocacy on especially the community women's HLP rights and we have also been participating in the review of the south land policy we also participated in the south land women's land rights agenda we are also members of these cops is a network for civil society organizations for the ratification of the Makuto protocol and I'm happy that recently last month the president signed it and now they need to disseminate it also yeah so we also like try to sensitize these women on the on some of the international conventions like this now the south Sudan women's land rights agenda Makuto protocol and the anticipated land policy so this is what we have been doing but still we have a lot of challenges as in this country women's land rights are not really observed issues to do with land women do not have voice especially the grass root women because we are we are mostly being driven by the customary law and most of these customary laws have a negative a negative towards women for example as a woman in the village if you want to go and buy land the chief will ask you why is your husband always your brother which clearly shows that you as a woman you have no rights even if you have your money you have no right to own land because land is valuable and the society thinks that issues of land is a main thing but not women so these are some of the challenges that we are really facing in this country women do not enjoy their rights to learn and though these rights are protected in some of the legal frameworks in the country like the constitutional in the transitional constitution 2011 and also the South Sudan land act 2009 but due to lack of implementation of these laws women still have a lot of challenges in access use and land ownership in this country and even inheritance rights of inheritance but if your husband dies unless you accept to be inherited by the brother of your husband you will stay in that home but if you you don't want you will go with nothing even if you accept you will remain in that home but still you will not have ownership of this land just because they say you have been paid dowry and therefore you have no right to inherit but you can stay there and you accept to be inherited by your in law. Now we had a workshop this year which was supported by global cluster HLP area of responsibility through NRC South Sudan we were able to organize a workshop a two days workshop which brought together 72 participants most of them were women 66 were women and then we brought some chiefs other participants came from Nimule and Torit so this workshop was really very good the women appreciated it because most of the women because they have not been aware of some of these laws in the country that protects their rights and during this workshop they were taken through the basic laws in the country like the NRC South Sudan 2011 what it says about the rights of women and also the land act 2009 plus the local government act 2009 and also the international convention sit down and also the South Sudan women's land rights agenda was disseminated during that workshop and which was really very good yeah so the commendations that came out of this workshop yeah so one of the commendations that came was there's need for more training on women's housing land and property rights and they said the two days workshop was not enough so and also it's better to do it all over across the country so that all the women of South Sudan will be on the same page again also there was a recommendation that there should be research that should be carried on to research on the issues of land women's land rights in South Sudan the problem what is the problem exactly there should be a research carried on to find out exactly what the problem is with the South Sudan women's land rights and also and also one of the commendations was that they need adult education for the women as most of them cannot read and write their names and sometimes these married ones their husband can sell land and then for you you don't know they just ask you to sign something which you cannot read they just ask you to sign so it's very important for these women to get adult education and also these women needed another recommendation is they needed to be assisted so that they can get the national identity cards because if you don't have the international ID you cannot register you are wrong another recommendation is they needed women, especially the vulnerable women to be assisted in registration of their land and also registration of getting national IDs because if you don't have the national I think you cannot register your land. So there are so many things that will limit you. So it's very important for these women to be supported so that they get the national identity cards. And also there is need to disseminate these South Sudan women's land rights agenda across the country, including the SIDAO, the Makuto protocol and the land policy. And also other legal frameworks that really protects the rights of women. These are some of the recommendations that came out of that workshop. Okay, so far we have always been engaging with these grassroots women. We network and then also we share information with them like some of them now they already know that they know about the South Sudan women's land rights agenda and also they know that there are legal frameworks in this country that protects their rights. And I'm happy that now some of them if like they get problems pieces of land grabbing, they come together as a group and they make noise and the grabbers always get scared and they run away. And for me, this is really good. There's now confidence in them. They can talk for themselves, they can fight for their rights. And for me, which is really something good but we really need to do more. And what is in this recommendation, we cannot do it as women foundation because we have limited funding. And so we would like to be supported in implementing some of these recommendations that came from these women. As we conclude, one of the other things that we are trying to do in respect to these recommendations is to increase on some of the interventions such as increasing legal and civil access to civil documentation for women in the different parts of the country through different programming. So we encourage the women through the organization to refer cases of women who need access to the nationality camps. And that is already ongoing and specifically targeting women. And then of course, there's a lot of awareness creation going on as has already been mentioned and providing legal assistance in the sense of ensuring that women are able to access documentation for their land. Of course, the weekly system does inhibit access to justice in court. But then we recently had a round table discussion where we targeted government specifically the relevant ministries including the Ministry of Land to also push advocacy on some of the issues mentioned here and continue to lobby for the finalization and adoption of the national land policy. But in the meantime, IOM is also doing a lot of work on customary law and ensuring there's a lot of understanding of the protection of women land rights within the ambit of customary law. Thank you so much for listening to us. I just wanted to add the aspect of the Women's Economic Empowerment which has been in the recommendation but I didn't mess on it. The economic empowerment part of it is really very good because when we empower these women, they become independent and they get money, they can go and register their land and also they can buy land if they want. They can do a lot of things and they avoid cases of sexual gender-based violence or gender-based violence. For me, I think one of the things in this recommendation especially about the economic empowerment is really very important so that these women can be confident. You know, if you don't have money, you'll be vulnerable and you'll not stop. But if you have something, you are working independent and you can defend yourself, you can claim for what belongs to you. Thank you. And also maybe just increasingly, we are trying to have more women as paralegos within our work such that they are able to disseminate, to do the trainings, to do the provision of legal information, basically legal information and targeting specifically these vulnerable women to be able to do it by themselves. Yeah, absolutely. Right now we are, today and tomorrow we are, there's an ongoing paralegal training for women. It's going to be for two days, which is ending tomorrow. So we brought together 25 women for this workshop for the paralegos so that they will be helping the other women within their communities. Thank you. Thank you, Dorothy. Thank you, Peace. Really interesting to hear about that work and makes it really clear the way we need to be thinking of the wider sort of links between, what we might see as our humanitarian work on HLP with those much broader questions that link to livelihoods, they link to policy, they link to legal identity, right across the kind of development perspective as well as those other rule of law type issues as well. So yeah, thank you for raising that. If you have questions or comments, please would you add them to the chat and we can keep an eye on them there. But in the meantime, just want to say again, yeah, thank you, Dorothy and Peace for that. And we will be sure to share more information on the outcomes of that in the coming weeks in the newsletter and elsewhere. I want to turn now to Lorena Nieto, who is the protection cluster coordinator for Northwest Syria, or it might be protections sector. Sorry if I've got that wrong. And also co-leading the HLP technical working group there on behalf of UNHCR alongside NRC, Skyler Kogelschatz, who I think is going to present as well. But just yet, turning to you Lorena for an update from your side. Hi Jim, thank you. Actually Lorena had to step out for a different meeting. So I will present quickly for the Northwest Syria TWG. Give me just one second to figure out how to share my PowerPoint. And let me know if everyone can see it. Yeah, we can see it. It's not in presenter mode. It's in, yeah, that's fine, we can see it well. That's fine. Okay, perfect. Okay. So after the earthquakes, basically all protection risks and legal needs were exacerbated. In particular, we started seeing more barriers to access assistance, evictions, relocations, increased homelessness and rejection of sites. So we have relocation centers and collective centers. So households that were displaced from their homes due to the earthquake were actually being rejected from these sites because they didn't have their documentation in order to prove that they were in fact displaced due to the earthquake. On the protection side, we've seen an increase in trafficking and smuggling, recruitment, labor and sexual exploitation, and of course mental and emotional distress and violence. So from the TWG perspective, we care obviously more about civil documentation and HLP. After the earthquake, based on a protection rapid needs assessment, 27% of households reported that there are problems relating to housing land and property, such as evictions and homelessness due to the earthquake. As for civil documentation, prior to the earthquake, 61% of households had reported at least one family member missing civil documentation. Whereas after the earthquake, you can see 84% reported at least one family member missing civil documentation. In response to this, the TWG has come up with a strategic framework in order to guide our work. So first we wanna scale up our capacity because there are not many legal actors currently operating in Northwest Syria. We want to then obviously respond through awareness, provision of services and supporting other sectors with due diligence assessments. Then we want to start conducting protection analysis of the challenges and opportunities for further legal support based on our increased response. Obviously with the response, we need to address risks that are coming up that we identify through our protection analysis by running more RPAs through our hopefully scaled up partners. And then finally, leading to peace building and coexistence through HLP documents safeguarding, restitution and inshallah one day, a recognition of victims rights. So within this strategy, our top priorities at the moment are due diligence. After the earthquake, obviously households lost a lot of documentation, but they need to be able to prove ownership in order to have humanitarian intervention such as shelter. So we had existing tools, mainly a CCCM due diligence guidance for informal sites and an unpublished dignified shelter due diligence guidance. We combine these to create one unified streamlined due diligence guidance that can be used by all sectors, then linked within their specific sectors, more detailed due diligence guidances so that they can then modify the streamlined version. But this should make due diligence at least more accessible for all actors in case there are no HLP actors in their area. We're waiting for feedback from the other clusters at the moment, but are hoping to publish it by the end of this month. Then we have our legal awareness and provision of services. This fits under the first part of the strategy which is building up our capacity and increasing the number of partners working on HLP in Northwest Syria. So HLP and legal civil documentation were included and in fact requirements of partners submitting under the SCHF and AFNS allocations. The TWG is then going to support partners through the recruitment processes and then training for the partners and their newly hired staff to be specifically aware and knowledgeable, capable of supporting HLP rights. Also, obviously the regular analysis sessions to make sure that our intervention is in fact effective and if there need to be changes or challenges that partners are regularly facing that advocacy or the TWG can support in solving. Then finally, specifically to housing, land and property, our three main focuses at the moment are evictions. As I said, we have the receptive centers and the collective sites where mass evictions are taking place. So we've developed a mass eviction monitoring tool to be used in these sites. Once mass eviction threats are identified, we'll be working with CCCM colleagues and shelter colleagues to either find alternative locations for the IDPs in the sites or to see if shelter can then intervene in areas where these houses are so that families may return to their houses. Also the capacity building, as mentioned before, with the expansion in partners for HLP will need to do a lot of capacity building. So training the HLP teams, conducting surveys on what training needs the partners need, as well as additional areas of HLP legal support that is needed on the ground and as a fundamental basis for everything, communication with community strategies to ensure participation of residents of Northwest Syria. This will also lead into building trust for our third focus, which is documentation safeguarding. So we are in the process right now of developing a questionnaire, which will ask communities if a digital platform were to be utilized to secure their documents, what form and what features would they find helpful on said platform so that we can truly understand from the community what it is they would want from a digital platform. Once this information is collected, we'll be working with or we're in discussions with multiple different platforms for hosting the data. We'll then obviously have to train the teams. We're going to pilot it with partner organization Syrian staff first to see what works, what doesn't work, how comfortable they are with it, then rolling it out in selected communities and then obviously eventually leading to archiving of documents, hopefully for the last part of our strategy. Then finally, advocacy. So I see on the agenda that the Brussels side events is in fact the next topic. So I won't go into it so far, but we are organizing a Brussels side event on rule of law in Northwest and Northeast Syria. We will also be inputting in OHCHR's advisory note on adequate housing in Syria to try to raise awareness around HLP, the fundamentalness of HLP. Then we are trying to arrange a round table with the special repertoires of housing and IDPs again to raise awareness of housing needs in Northwest Syria and the challenges and opportunities moving forward. Finally, through all of this, we are starting the process of moving from a TWG to an AOR again to raise the profile of HLP and HLP needs and responses in Northwest Syria. And that's the end. Thanks Skylar, that's great to have that overview of what you're working on and it sounds like there's lots of initiatives there and it'd be great to be able to share the guidance as it's published and to hear more about the events and as these things develop. I think one of the key things we can do as an AOR is learn from each other where we're developing and trying things so we need to keep sharing what's going on. So yeah, I appreciate that. Thank you very much. Ombretta, did you want to comment briefly on the Brussels events and then we'll go to Jamal just after that? Yeah, Ombretta, over to you. Yes, thanks, Jim and thanks Skylar. I think the event you had there was a different one than the one I'm mentioning. So maybe a year after I finish, if you want to add a few notes on the other event at the Brussels Conference, please do so. But yeah, from the one I wanted to brief on is the Housing, Land and Property Rights brainstorming event around table at the Brussels Conference on the 13. And this is intended to reconnect a little bit the different HLB actors that are working inside Syria on the Syria response outside Syria and in the, you know, Northwest Syria as well. In light also of the changing political and social environment in Syria, you know, with the, I mean, the coordination work and the broader strategy for HLB was set in place definitely before the earthquake and also before the latest changes and a little bit the change of the Syria posture in terms of diplomatic relation and, you know, before the election in Turkey the situation there is changing quite a lot and different partners had in place strategy and have done a lot of work on HLB in the past years. But it seems that it will be a good moment to bring all these different pieces of work together and discuss how we want to take it forward, how much, you know, partners are interested in investing on, you know, drawing the conclusion and moving to the next steps or if more of the same is needed and, yeah. And therefore, I mean, therefore this discussion will take place there and definitely will be happy to report back after the event. Over to you, Jim. Thanks, Zombreta. Yeah, Skylar, if you wanted to add a brief sentence on that, then please do, but no pressure to, if not. Of course, happy to. Sorry, I had some issues with my mic. So in addition, we are also organizing the rule of law in Northwest and Northeast Syria side event. It's a roundtable discussion on strengthening access to rights, justice and protection for Syrians as a pathway to resilience. We're going to be just looking at an overview of the rule of law situation, including reflections on what the rule of law is right now in Northwest and Northeast Syria, existing resources and principles, then also key challenges and strategic actions to improve rule of law, as well as then the most important part, which is within this context, what are the opportunities for expanding access to legal rights and justice? We're hoping to come out of this with a unified idea of how to better strengthen these things in Northwest Syria because it has not been the most important topic on the table previously. And we feel especially after the earthquake, given the level of needs, it really needs to have a spotlight shown on it. Great, thank you, Scarlett. I don't know if it's possible for people to join in some way or if there's documents around it or maybe guidance that follows up, please do share links or relevant information in the chat. Jamal, I'm going to turn to you now. Jamal is the Durable Solutions Officer with UNHCR. So he's the Global Lead on Housing and Property, and that's within the Division of Resilience and Solutions. And he's going to talk to us a little bit about the Global Refugee Forum and a particular part of that that's focused on HLP. So Jamal, thank you for your patience and over to you. Yes, thank you very much, Jim. And of course, thank you and Brett as well. And let me first of all say congratulations, job well done on putting together a very balanced and responsive work plan, if I dare say. Responsive in the sense that it really speaks to the AOR's role in the context of current humanitarian emergencies, which I think is absolutely critical, but it goes even further to also speak to the AOR's role in the context of advancing solutions. In the light of the latter, it gives me great pleasure and an honor to introduce this brand new initiative that has been spearheaded by UN Habitat in collaboration with NRC and UNHCR in the establishment of a new housing, land and property working group in preparation for the 2023 Global Refugee Forum. Of course, the goal of this working group is to advance durable solutions, more specifically sustainable reintegration, local integration and other local solutions through secure access to housing, land and property. Now, the Global Refugee Forum is an event that happens every four years that brings together the international community to demonstrate solidarity with refugees and the communities that host them. Importantly, the GRF is an outcrop initiative of the Global Compact on Refugees, the Global Compact being a framework of the sorts that provides for more predictable and equitable responsibilities sharing among key stakeholders, whereby host communities get the support they need to lead more productive lives. I think it is also worth noting that this particular working group has been established in the context of GCR objective four. Most of many of you will be familiar with the GCR and the objectives. There are four objectives, but we'll be focusing on one particular objective, and that is to support conditions in countries of origin for return and safety and dignity. Now, in GRF 2019, many of you will be aware of the GRF, and the GRF, this is the second edition of the GRF that will be held this year, December. But this is the second edition, and in 2019, several HLP pledges were made. So of the 1,690 approximately pledges that were made overall, approximately three of them were purely housing, land, and property pledges, and additional nine or there about were pledges, broader pledges that incorporate housing, land, and property issues, or housing, land, and property rights to varying degrees. Thus far, of those 12 pledges that were made at GRF in 2019, one has been fulfilled in its entirety, and several other pledges are currently in progress. Now, this GRF HLP working group has two specific strategic objectives. The first is on pledge development and pledge mobilization, which is essentially about the advancement of demand-driven and actionable HLP pledges at the local, regional, and global levels through a technical and consultative process anchored in what we like to call real-world experiences of refugee populations in both countries of origin, as well as countries of asylum. And the second strategic objective is on capacity building, which is essentially about the preparation of a catalog of good practices in five key areas of focus, which I would share right now. The first area focuses provisions for refugee men and women in national land policies and national land laws. The second is documentation of housing, land, and property rights for refugee men and women in various settings. The third is resource mobilization and additional support for addressing policy, legal, institutional, technical, and other technological barriers to tenure security. Jim, I see I'm having some competition there. Okay, so it's all good now. The fourth is scaling of land certification or land regularization initiatives. And the final is building the capacity of national statistical offices for tracking progress on tenure security for refugee men and women in countries of origin, as well as countries of asylum, which is linked very much to a point that Umbreta and yourself, Jim, would have made earlier with regards to data and evidence around tenure security. So I think that is very important, but of course you're both very familiar with this exercise, being the representatives of your respective organizations on this working group. Now, with regards to the progress that we have made thus far, and I'll wrap up very shortly, Jim, the HLP Pledge Development and Pledge Mobilization concept note has thus far been developed and disseminated among key actors. Within the humanitarian space, but also within the development and development cooperation communities, which I think is very important and has now been published as of yesterday on the GRF website as part of a new catalog, comprised enough about eight areas that have thus far made significant progress in advanced in Pledge development work and housing, land and property, thankfully is one of those areas that has really made significant progress thus far, thanks to the work of our colleagues from NRC as well as UN Habitat. Now, the working group has also officially convened and plans are currently afoot to begin the Pledge Development work in earnest, right? But what I'll do at this point, given that we're really pressed for time, Jim, I'll stick a pin there and I'll hand it back over to you because there are other colleagues I'm sure would need to speak on this subject. Over to you, Jim. Thanks, Jamal, thanks for that overview and there'll be much more on that in the coming weeks and months. Really pleased to be part of this. And just to say the AOR is happy to be involved as well as a platform to kind of share information but also to call on inputs from others from the members as well. Because although we have, as Jamal said, UNHCR, UN Habitat and NRC are sort of convening this working group, we very much will be relying on the inputs from colleagues from a whole range of all your organizations and affiliations. So yeah, thank you for that. I just wanted to call briefly on Laura Kunial who's working on behalf of NRC on this area to just add a perspective from the NRC side. And then, yeah, and then we'll sort of shortly draw to a close. But yeah, Laura, over to you. Thank you, thank you, Jim. And just to compliment on what Jamal mentioned from the NRC perspective, I think the GRF is really, the Global Refugee Forum is an opportunity to move up on HIP and really raise awareness of issue related to housing and property. So really bring this issue to the table in terms of a refugee response. It's also an opportunity to continue to advocate for state and for duty bearer for the responsibility in promoting housing and property rights for refugees. So we very much look forward to being part of this opportunity in terms of developing a pledge or more than a pledge. This is very much a work in progress with UNICR and with UN Habitat, but also, as you said, contributing and bringing in other partners and other organization who wants to contribute and make pledges. So very much looking forward to this in the next couple of months. And over back to you, Jim. Thank you. Thank you, Laura. And thank you for that. Albreta, did you want to say anything extra from the UN Habitat side or do you feel it's covered up to now? I think it's covered. Thanks, Jamal and Laura. Sure. Thank you, dear colleagues. And I'm aware we've reached just about the end of our allotted time, but just I do want to open up if people can stay for a couple of minutes. If anyone had something they wanted to share and update, a brief update, a comment, then please open to you. We can, if people are happy to stay for a couple of minutes, we can see if anyone has something they would like to share beyond the agenda. And as I said before, if you have questions, comments then please, you can put them in the chat and we'll be following up with the newsletter coming out soon, which will bring together some of these things as well. But yeah, over to you, colleagues, if there's anything to share, any updates from your side? Emma, yes, please. Emma, yeah, please come in. Oh, you can hear me? I can now, yes. Yeah, please go ahead. Okay. Sorry, I have a connection issue, so I can't turn on my camera. So I just need to share something about Mali context. To do it shortly, we can note that the context remain one of continuing population displacement in the northern and central region of Mali with an humanitarian situation still giving cause for concern. Today, we can notice in this area about 14,000 IDPs are homeless with a risk of eviction for some IDPs in 28% of Andhra's citizens. So they are in need of protection of the HLP. As activity lead by the HLP working group in Mali, we have the contribution of the development of an emergency and response plan for displaced persons in the Minakar region. We can also add the launch of a Lichtenstein funding project to support HLP-Mali coordination in the rural region. They challenge it as the same, insufficient capacity to strengthen data collection on environmental law issue. As perspective ongoing, we have a development of HLP referencing sheets to strengthen the judicial service. Thank you, June, over for us. Thanks, Emma. Thank you for that update. Thank you. And yes, and please, if there's any, if you ever want to share any other information, we can give you a longer slot in one of the calls as well. So please, let's arrange that as necessary. OK, I don't see anyone else at this stage, and I'm away. We've gone a little bit over our time. So from my side, that's all good. But on Brett, over to you to bring us to a close. Thanks, Jim, and thanks all. I think it was a very packed and intense and very content-rich meeting. We are very happy to have this discussion and to start connecting different other groups that are working on HLP. So thanks a lot for that. And let us keep talking on the issues that emerged during the discussion that require further attention, like on the private sector, bringing more to private sector in the peace development actors, the data, the GRF definitely is one that, for example, besides the global pledges, there will be also the possibility of putting together and submitting pledges at the national level. So I think many of you at the country level might be interested or are already involved in developing that. So if you need more information, please reach out to us and we'll seek again the guidance and support from Jamal team to guide you through this process. So with that, I think I would like to thank you again for participating and thanks, Jim, for moderating and organizing as usual. And we look forward to continue being supportive to the work that all of you are doing. Thank you. Thank you. Goodbye. Bye-bye. Thank you. Bye-bye.