 Dear students, in this module, we are going to talk about George Herbert Mead and the role-taking as a process of socialization. Role-taking refers to the ability to see oneself from the perspective of other person and take on the roles of other people. George Herbert Mead's focus was on the question, what is the motivating factor of the role-taking? What is the motivating factor? What is the important factor? We socialize in the same way that other people want to socialize. The idea was that individuals engage in a role-taking process. We observe and judge others in the same way that we try to imitate their behavior. He believed that role-taking is a crucial component of socialization and allows individuals to understand and anticipate the behavior of other people. The important factor in our behavior is that we can improvise and anticipate. As you must have seen in your childhood, children perform different roles. Sometimes they become parents, sometimes they become teachers, sometimes they become doctors. This role-taking is very important for their socialization process. Mead believed that role-taking allows individuals to develop a sense of self that is based on the expectations of other people. So while having these roles, while performing these roles, what we actually do? Actually we are meeting the expectations of other people. In our mind, what expectations do people have for this role? Our role-performativity will be the same as expectations. So in this approach, socialization into the self and mind is viewed as a process of learning to take on the roles and expectations of other people and integrating those roles into one's own sense of self. So as we explore those expectations, our behavior starts developing according to those expectations. However, one of the limitations of this perspective is that it tends to downplay the ways in which individuals can resist and challenge the expectations and roles assigned to them. This does not mean that we try to fully understand the expectations of the society. We resist and deviate. So these resistance and deviating processes develop new expectations in relation to these roles. So this theory of meat downplays the factor of resistance. However, in a nutshell, if we see that it's very important to understand that how our role-taking process helps us building our own personalities.