 So, so far we have looked at the epidemiological signal like Sharon said and we've also been looking at the genomic signal comparing different lineages and their growth rates together and it does appear that B117 is indeed growing faster. What vaccine manufacturers can do is they can actually produce like a pseudo virus in a test tube in effect to see whether a neutralization of antibodies can actually neutralize those particular variants. And so there are vaccine manufacturers who are doing that at the moment for the new variants and they can also see if the new variant is neutralized. So there's recent reports from vaccine manufacturers to look at neutralization of the variants that we're worried about including the one that was first detected in South Africa. And we'll see from a larger population you know if that efficacy will probably be a little bit lower after two shots and it'll probably be lower after a single shot as well. I think it is important to generate a robust and immune response in vulnerable people which is even more difficult for medically vulnerable for the elderly. Their immune response isn't as strong as adults. Luckily with the vaccines that have been granted authorization the immune responses seem to be okay but again it comes back to that critical question. What is okay to protect and what is okay to prevent variants emerging? You may have heard about the reproductive number the R number in the media quite a lot over the last year and it does look like during the lockdown in November other lineages had their R number drop below 1 but for B1 on 7 it dropped but it stayed above 1 and then of course in December it searched again after the end of the November lockdown. Now that we know especially with these new platforms sort of well newer platforms such as MRNA I mean the key things about clinical trials and before you put a vaccine on the market is you need to know it's safe you need to know it's efficacious and you need to know that it's been produced to high enough quality to give you that safety. And we know that now for the vaccines that are on the market so there's there's less of a risk of going back in and making a new vaccine to a new antigen. So that has taken away some of the time that's required for you it's likely that we will still have to it's more than likely that we'll still have to have at least phase what we call phase one clinical trials to show that this new vaccine with our new antigen in the vaccine will induce the immune responses that's required against that new variant and also look at safety as well. So natural selection will favor the virus that results in the most on your transmission so therefore all other things being equal the virus that keeps a host infected the longest will win out. So if we assume that transmissibility is correlated with virulence then the more transmissible the virus is it will kill hosts earlier and therefore have lesser productive success. So then that results in selection for a transmission virulence trade-off and so that might result in the virus becoming more B9 but doesn't necessarily result in becoming just less and less virulent. This is such a fast moving field that what we say changes very quickly but certainly there are there are good systems in place to test variants to see whether they are neutralized in the test tube but it comes back to actually testing that again in real life. So doing the clinical trials looking at how people respond whether they're protected from infection after having been vaccinated but this is a huge area of discussion and work at the moment to see whether we need to have an ongoing program of tweaking vaccines and then testing the variants that arise.