 This paper provides a detailed analysis of the biomass resource potential in China. It combines statistical accounting methods and GIS-based methods to create a comprehensive assessment framework that meets the principles of food security, forest land and pasture protection and biodiversity protection. The authors also provide a reliable data set of biomass resource potential at the one kilometer scale, which can be used by GIS users, integrated modelers and policy makers. This article was authored by Rui Wang, Wenjia CAI, Li Yu, and others.