 Just like benzene, hallowarines also undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions like halogenation, nitration, sulfonation and even fiddlerub's reactions. But if you compare a hallowarine with a benzene, which among the two would be more reactive towards an electrophilic substitution reaction, pause the video and think about it for a moment. Well turns out that benzene is much more reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions as compared to hallowarines. And this is because halogens as we all know is highly electronegative in nature right? It withdraws electron density from the benzene ring. That means it is not that attractive for a strong electrophile anymore. For an electrophile there is not sufficient electron density in this ring as compared to the ring of a benzene. And because halogens withdraw electron density from the benzene ring via inductive effect, it actually acts as a deactivating group. And this is why the electrophilic substitution reactions of hallowarines is slower than that of benzene and also requires stronger and harsher reaction conditions like say elevated temperatures or use of stronger catalysts and so on. So let's now take an example of a substitution reaction let's say halogenation. So here we have bromobenzene reacting with bromine in the presence of FeBr3. We know that this mixture will produce an electrophile which is Br plus ion correct. Now given that bromine acts as a deactivating group and withdraws electron density from the benzene ring, where do you think this electrophile will act to? Will it attack the ortho position? The meta position or the para position? So this is another question for you, take a moment pause the video and figure out the answer. Well turns out that even though bromine is electron withdrawing via inductive effect, it actually releases electrons towards the benzene ring due to resonance effect. So because of resonance the lone pair of electrons on the halogen atom can delocalize with the pi electrons of the benzene ring and result in the following resonance structures. So as you can see from here because of this delocalization you have increased electron density at the ortho and para positions. So that means even though halogen atom is deactivating via minus i effect it is an ortho para directing group due to the resonance effect. So as you can see that there is a tug of war between these two effects. When we talk about a reactivity that strong inductive effect comes into play and when we talk about the orientation of the incoming electrophile the plus r effect with the resonance effect comes into play. So based on this the products obtained would be a mixture of ortho and para substituted products. So the para substituted product would be obtained in major amounts while the ortho product would be the minor one. So this can be extended to all other electrophilic substitution reactions like sulfonation or nitration or friddlecraft reactions where the halogen atom will direct the incoming electrophile to ortho and para positions.