 I look at the issue of U.S.-Pakistan relations from two angles. There are more angles to be looked at, but I look at them from two. One is in terms of the global balance of power, particularly in Asia. And what we have, if I was to talk to our president, would be that China is rising as a great power. Our relationship could become competitive. It is already in some regard, become more and might become even hostile. And what we need is a balance of power in Asia that can help us deal with this rise of China. The more there is a balance, the more the prospect for avoiding some of the worst things that could happen in the evolution of relations between the current dominant power ourselves and the rising power of China. And in that regard, our relationship with India is very important. We need to nurture it. We need to strengthen it. A stronger India is in our interest to balance China, India, plus Japan, plus other Asian powers who have a similar concern about the future Asia balance. Even today, the Secretary of State spoke at CSIS talking about the 100 years future, perhaps borrowing from the Chinese, talking a very long-term relationship, Indo-Pacific, a very ambitious era that's coming. That will have implications for our relationship with Pakistan given, unfortunately, zero some way these two have been thinking about each other. And that's going to have a complicating effect on our relations with Pakistan, despite our effort that each relationship is important in its own right and we value it, it is inevitable. Second is the issue of another big global issue is terrorism, extremism is one of the big challenges of our time, perhaps I don't know how you would rank it, given other concerns. And there Pakistan could be a partner. We could develop because it can play an important role, but it's a part of the problem right now. And so the two put together make for a very difficult relationship. I would think it's very important that we try to change Pakistan's policies on support for extremism and terror, which has cost us a lot in Afghanistan, not only in terms of resources that we have spent to build the Afghans, to re-establish the Afghan state, not only we have lost a lot of lives, our reputation, our security is all at stake. We have embraced the objective that we won't allow Afghanistan to become a place from which terrorists could once again attack us. And Pakistan has been undermining that for the most part, it's not completely, but for the most part it's been, and we have been constrained in our approach because Pakistan is important, we go through Pakistan to supply our forces, we have some counter-terrorism concerns, security of Pakistan itself, security of nuclear weapons. All of that are very important issues. But what we've done so far hasn't worked. We need to try a new approach, and the new administration has tried to do a new approach. Now, I think this has had a salutary effect so far. We see some positive signals from Pakistan, but I think it's a typical response so far, which I have seen before. I'm sure all of us have seen when the pressure is on the rise, and they do some things. To, you know, all of a sudden you get a couple of al-Qaeda people turned over, you get some other nice gestures or made to kind of diffuse the prospects for increased pressure, but the pattern then goes back to the way it was, and hopefully this time it's different. The release of these hostages, the visit to Kabul by the army chief, the restart of conversation, but I suspect my judgment would be until we have a verifiable change, and that is to close their sanctuaries. There is a roadmap for closing the sanctuaries, starting with the Akhani network. We need to, if we are to remain committed to Afghanistan and want to do it at a reasonable price, then the change in Pakistan will be significant and we need to process. What do we need to do to, I think, I'm a little pessimistic based on a lot of experience and dealing on this issue. I think it will come to a coercive phase. Right now we're seeing one last chance. There will be a visit relatively soon to Pakistan, a visit that occurred already. Some progress was made in the conversations, the interagency group that went there already, but a more senior visit will occur and I think there is an effort to lower the temperature, to keep your head down, to tell the Taliban keep your head down and let the American anger dissipate, then good days will be here again and we can go back to business as usual, but I think that there's no patience for that. I can say that with great confidence and that there will be consequences. That's my judgment and we will kid to that phase, unfortunately. I'm pessimistic and there are a lot we can do, a lot is under consideration and I'm sure during the question and answer we can get some of those. I think if Pakistan changes, which I hope it will, we all want to affect this policy. It's an important country, 200 million people, their weapons, important geopolitical location and all that. It could be a great partner for this, the second task, which is the terrorism, I mean the India balance of power, I said. There is a big role for our partnership with Pakistan and I hope we can get to that.