 Good morning, everyone. Welcome to PC103 New Testament Survey. Last class, we studied on the facts of the Gospel of Mark. And today, we will get into a little bit deeper into the Gospel of Mark. And I would like to make a small correction. When I watched through the video, I realized that I was talking about one of the medical cheeses, like where he fed the 5000 and its 4000. By mistake, I said in the last class, 5000 and 7000. Please make that correction. It is 5000 and 4000. Thank you. Yeah, I just shared the presentation. Before we could pick it up in the class, can I request one of us to please lead us in prayer? Can I request Anand if you can lead us in prayer? Dear Heavenly Father, thank you, Lord, for this day, Lord. Thank you for the time you have given us, Lord. Lord, we are surrounding the whole class, New Testament class, to your hands, Lord. Lord, lead us, Lord. Guide us, Lord. Teach us, Lord. I'm sorry, I'm getting dying a moment real hard. Lord, help her to teach your word, Lord. In Jesus' name we pray. Amen. Amen. Amen. Thank you. Thank you, Anand. I just share the presentation. Please give me a minute while I share the presentation. Everyone can see this, right? Presentation. Okay. So last class, we started the Gospel of John, which denotes about Jesus as the perfect servant. And we also studied about John Mark. We studied about John Mark, who John Mark was, was and was full name. John Mark has full name. As we go get into much deeper, I would like to ask the class, why was the Gospel named as Mark and not as John or John Mark? Anyone in the class? Why was the Gospel of Mark named as Mark? Whereas John Mark, Mark has been the second name. Why not the Gospel was named by his first name as John or both names, John Mark? Anyone from the class? Anyone? Or have you any time thought this question? You have this question. Knowing his full name is John Mark. Why was the second name been considered and not his first name or both names? So does the norm not to mention the author's name? Yes, the author's name is not mentioned. When the author, when he was writing, it was a traditional that they don't mention their name. That's right. But later period when the scholars put all the Gospels and the books together, the Canon, the Council and the Canon came together. Now they named the books as per the author. They named the book as Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, after their own names, whoever wrote it. Now when they were naming, it is not like John named his book on itself. Nothing about the scholars put the books together, put the Gospels together. Why did they consider Mark as this Gospel name and not as John or John Mark? Yeah, what I thought was there was another disciple, John, so he was close to Jesus. So maybe they put that as John and then this for Mark, you also mentioned while teaching the meaning as polite. So it always describes Jesus as a servant, a servant here in Mark. So maybe the politeness and the meaning of the Mark, the name Mark, I could think of. Thanks, Jaikin for sharing. Yes, it is one of the reasons for Jaikin to share it was, you know, for many reasons. One could be the reason because when they put all the Gospels and the other books together, we already have a Gospel in the name of John. So we cannot name this book as another John or John Mark. But one of the main reasons why this Gospel was named as Mark was, we all know who is the audience. Who is the audience for this book? Yes, yes, Nina, that's right. So it was common for the Jews of that period to bear a Semitic name, that is a Hebrew name or we call it as Jewish name and a Roman name. So John Mark is nothing but a Hebrew name for John is Yohan and the Greco-Roman name was Mark. So John Mark has two names. One is the Jewish name, the first name was the Jewish name and the second name was Mark. So since this Gospel was addressing the Roman world, the Canon put these Gospels together, they intended because the audience of this Gospel was Roman. So they chose the second name to be the books title. Got it? Because the audience was the Roman. So Mark may be the appropriate name to address this Gospel to the Roman audience. So they titled this book as Mark, as the Gospel of Mark. Well, the scholars say, when we look at the history of this book, the scholars say that this was the Gospel of Mark was the most overlooked of all the other Gospels of the other book because it was regarded as a summary of Matthew's Gospel and view. Hence, a very little appeal was given to this book. Maybe another reason for its neglect was that his writing was mostly Peter's preaching. So only in the recent critical discussions, Mark gained its prominence for it to be one among the Gospels. So the Gospel of Mark is the shortest of the four Gospels consisting of 16 chapters. So Mark's style is very clear and picturesque. So most of his material is found in Matthew and also the Gospel of Rome, but it's not a repetition because it contains many details which is not found in both of these Gospels. So Mark's Gospel begins just like how John starts with the Declaration, even Mark's Gospel starts with the Declaration of Christ Divinity. Mentioning in Mark chapter 1 verse 1, son of God. As he started this Gospel with Christ's Divinity, mentioning son of God at the end, not at the 16th chapter, but in 15th chapter verse 39, you see that the Roman soldier who sees Jesus eye to eye near the cross, he declares, yes indeed, he's the son of God. So we see at the starting and at the ending, there's a declaration of Christ's Divinity. So and also, unlike like John, he does not expand the Gospel of Mark on the doctrine, but he gives a very close review of the Gospel. We also see the writer's intention is to let the wonderful works of Jesus testify of his deity. So let's see how the author is portraying the two clear pictures in this Gospel. Two clear pictures. One, he portrays from chapter 1 to chapter 9. Chapter 1 to chapter 9, he portrays Jesus, the man of miracles. Jesus, the man of miracles. And from chapter 10 to 16, we see that Jesus as a suffering servant. So this book is focusing on these two things of on what Jesus did. As you go through this book, as discussed in the last class, we see that the key word in this Gospel is immediate. We see Jesus taking action immediately. Let me be your eyes lights. Immediately, immediately is taking actions on certain things. And the main theme of this book is Christ, the tireless servant of God and man. The key verses, can we turn to the key verse? Mark chapter 10 verse 45 is the key verse. Mark chapter 10. Can I request one of them to please read? Mark 10 45. Yes. The verse was right. Yes. For even the son of man did not come to be served, but to serve and to give his life a ransom for many. Thank you. For even the son of man did not come to be served, but to serve and to give his life a ransom for many. Thank you so much. So from this scripture, we understand that Jesus declares that his purpose was to be a ransom for many. He is the perfect Redeemer, is it? So this seems more in his emphasis on the passion narratives when we look into the chapter 14 and 15. So we see that Mark devotes almost one third of his writing for this very purpose. Much more than any other Gospel. So where we see in this Gospel, we see that Jesus is seen as a Redeemer. So the author is portraying Jesus of Israel to that where Jesus would come to free them from the Romans. Then what Jesus said? Yes, indeed he came to free them, but he had a bigger picture in his mind. He wanted to free them from the death. So years, that's the reason and end of chapter one to chapter nine. We see that Jesus, the man of miracles, shows himself as a man of miracles because totally in the Gospels, complete in all four Gospels, we see that Jesus performs 31 different miracles up and recorded. But in the Gospel of Mark, from chapter one to nine, we see 19 of them has been recorded. Chapter one to nine, 19 of them are recorded. When you put together, in the Gospel of Mark itself, you see 20, which is the last one, the resurrection of Jesus would be. If you include that, it would be 20 altogether in the Gospel of Mark. But if you take only this chapter one to nine, you see 19 of them. When you compare to the other Gospels, the Gospel of Mark portrays Jesus as a man of miracles and 19 of them are recorded, which is quite a lot. And 19 of them, I mean, he starts with John the Baptist, opens the book, where Mark prepares that John the Baptist is preparing the way and baptizing Jesus of which the prophet Malachi had prophesied over. And as per our notes, I've listed all the miracles from our notes. I should have put this on the slide. Just give me a minute, let me quickly add it so that I can go. Give me a minute, please. Sorry. I have missed adding this. I wanted to add this three days ago. This is from our notes. Give me a minute, please. You can turn to our notes for these miracles page so that you don't miss, which talks about the miracles of Jesus on your notes. Can anyone tell what's the page number on the PDF? Second, please. Just give me a minute. Yes, I'm just sharing it with everyone. It's visible, right? You can see the slide. Well, I would like to list out all the 19 miracles of Jesus. That was one of the reasons why I wanted this to be here on the slide. So, as I go through, you know the count, you know the miracles and where exactly in which chapter these miracles are listed. They are also listed for us in our notes. So, we see that first, we see that eight miracles proves this power over disease. We see first starts from the very first chapter, chapter one, verse 31 talks about Peter's mother-in-law being healed. Do you all know Peter's about it? He had a wife, went on ministry with his wife, and he had a mother-in-law at home who had fever. And we see how Jesus went to Peter's house and healed his mother-in-law. And then we see Jesus healing the lepers and then the paralyzed man. I also showed this in the last class where Jesus was complete in action, where the paralytic man, they opened the roof and they brought down the paralytic man. And there was another man near the pool of Bethesda. And then we see Jesus in the continuous action much later. Okay, back to our slide where it talks about man with a withered hand was healed, deaf and dumb was healed. The blind man at Bethesda was healed. A woman of blood issue was healed. Barthimus was healed. Then we also see five miracles prove this power over the nature. Jesus didn't have the power over the sickness and disease, but here we see over the nature. We see he's still the storm, chapter 4 and in chapter 6 we see he fed the 5,000, feeding of 5,000. You see there was a sermon about, and then he fed the 5,000. The four was multiplied and he was feeding all the 5,000. Yes. Jesus walking on the sea and then again he fed feeding of the 4,000 in chapter 8. And then the barren victory was cursed and dried next day when they were walking through it. And later we see the four miracles which prove his power over the demonic forces. So as we see it happened in Jerusalem and then in Gadarenes and then in Syro physician. Then the demonic son. You also see two miracles been listed which talks about his power over death. Jairus daughter raised the resurrection of Christ himself, resurrection of Christ himself. So from chapter 10 to 16 it tells the story. It tells us a story where Jesus also, let me change this. So from chapter 10 to 16 the gospel of the author shares the story, shares about how Jesus preaches. The time is fulfilled and the kingdom of God is at hand. And he also thought the large crowd of people like when he said and he also said whenever he thought that after each and every miracle you see Jesus warning the people. They don't carry anyone. He also taught them in one of the sermons he taught them how a new wine cannot be put into the old wine skin. And later part we also see that Jesus choosing his 12 disciples. Yeah, Jesus chose 12 disciples. They grow and later the more and more he preached and he thought and every science that wonders that Jesus performed. You see that the gospel of Mark records that he battles with the Pharisees, the people there while they grew increasingly bitter against Jesus. And because of that he also shared some of the parables in the way that people can understand and learn. He shared on the silver, silver and the sea that is when the silver went out to so and we also see that he also shared on how they protected Jesus. Because he is from Nazareth. What good can come from that's the major statement. And at the end of the medical section we see the gospel of Mark or those this book reaches on its peak where when Jesus asks his disciples saying who do you say I am because there were many things coming up. You know, the Pharisee says one scribe say the other and each of the Jews, whoever believed in Jesus, they said something. But here Jesus turns at his disciples. He said Peter, maybe. And he says who do you say I am? At that time we know what Peter said. Right, last class we looked at it. Peter said you are the Christ Messiah and Jesus told all his disciples. So it's not revealed guy, but it was revealed by Father. And he went ahead, he went ahead and he started sharing something very personal to the disciples. He said that I would be rejected by the elders, by the chief priests and scribes. And he also shared that he would suffer and then die and rise again on the third day. But then you know what happened? None of the disciples would understand or comprehend the thing where Jesus was trying to share and teach them. So at the end we see that Jesus at the end, he tells at least three times through the book about this, how his end would come. But then his disciples were very innocent or they were very scared enough to ask them to clarify with Jesus. So Jesus teaches more to them. He goes further and he also teaches more in detail to the Jews, to the people. And none of the Jews, whoever listened to Jesus, he taught them about different topics on faith, on divorce, on how to handle the children, the dangers of loving the rich. And the riches, it means to say about the wealth, yeah. He tells his disciples that the amazing sentence there, again the key was John 1045. He talks about the Jesuits. Yeah, he talks about, for even the son of man did not come to be served, but to serve and to give them, to give his life a ransom for many. Again and again, John would like to put this book on the serving part of Jesus. So this is what happens the rest of the book of Jesus Christ, because John Mark or Mark portrays Jesus as the fan of miracles and becoming a suffering servant for people. And through chapter 11 to 16, this is what happens. I'm just narrating this for our understanding purpose, like what happened in the last eight days. Okay, I know seven days makes a week, but 80, that is Sunday to Sunday. This is just for our understanding. The scripture does not say like on a Sunday, this happened on a Monday, this happened on a Friday, Jesus was crucified. And on a Sunday, he was resurrected. It doesn't put it across that way. But then this is what happened. The scripture says that, you know, he died, he was buried, he was crucified and he was buried. And on the third day he rose again. So according to our calendar, according to our times, I'm just trying to put across for us to have a better understanding. Okay, so for example, on a Sunday, Jesus had his disciples get a cloth and he rode into Jerusalem on it. While people wave the palm branches and cried out saying, Hosanna, which means God save us. So they accepted him as a king. They gave that special treatment of, you know, covering the road with the cloth and allowing the young cold, where Jesus was seated on it and walked through the Jerusalem as they entered the Jerusalem. The next day, that's Monday, as Jesus was walking, he looks at the fig tree and he curses the fig tree for not having the fruit. And he opposes the people, he goes after that, he enters the temple and he opposes people selling money, changing the temple. And he says, don't make my father's house a marketplace. And the next day, Tuesday, they walk back the same road and they notice the fig tree was dried. And they saw it as withered and gone away. And one of his disciples mentions that, look at the tree, what happened to which Jesus cursed. And Jesus totally owns the Pharisees argument about his authority that he had. And during the week, he continues to teach and what happened? It only irritated the Pharisees because the truth so repented to them. And even if he foretells the destruction of the temporary, then Jesus sat on the Mount Olives, looking at the temple, he prophesied to his disciples about the end times, that he would come back, that he would come back. And on Tuesday, indeed it was a very long day, isn't it? And the next day, next day, you see, we keep it as Wednesday because we spoke about Tuesday. On Wednesday, the Pharisees wanted to arrest Jesus. Judas met with them and they started the procedure. The process was started to arrest Jesus. And on Thursday, Jesus and his disciples began the Passover celebration. It was a very big celebration those days. Just like that night, last supper. Yes, it was a customary for the servant of the house to wash the feet at the last supper. So they brought in a basin of water to wash all the feet of the guests. So in Judah, why do they wash the feet? Can anyone say from the class, why was it needed? Why was this procedure set those days? They used to walk a lot and there would be a lot of dirt in their feet. That was one reason and also like to honour the guests. Exactly. Thanks for answering. Yes. See, Judah, when you see background, we always look at the background of the culture, the place, geographic. See, in Judah, the roads were muddy roads and it was used to get very dusty. Just imagine the bullock are passing there and the people constantly walking. There's always this dust rising from the ground. It was very dusty. So if you walk through that, definitely your feet will be dusty. So before they enter into any place, any house, especially when you sit down to have your food, it is a custom that those days it has become a custom to wash the feet. So and it's the job of the slave to wash their feet. So when they all know it is a job of a slave to wash the feet, now they all have come. All the disciples, the Jesus, they have come into this room for the Passover meal to have a Passover meal. When they come, they know that somebody should wash the feet. Now they are looking at each other. Who's going to wash the feet? Who's going to wash the feet? So as I look at each other, obviously Peter has been very assertive, aggressive. So he says, don't look at me, boys. I'm the oldest. And then somebody else in the team says, listen, last time I watched it. Okay. So don't look at me. And then this is not there. I'm just making it up for us to understand. And then Thomas would have said that not me, not me, maybe next time. And then we see each of the disciples denied to take the turn, denied to take the turn. And the Bible says that Jesus knowing their intention and how they feel about all these things, he just came forward. He just came forward and he removed his outer garment and it took a cloth and girded his waist. Girded his waist. Immediately the very act of Jesus shocked the disciples. The very act of Jesus shocked the disciples and they were in complete silence. In fact, you see the disciples lost the opportunity of serving. They, in fact, lost the opportunity to serve one another. You see Jesus being the Son of God came from the Father, he's going back to the Father. But you see, he's stooped down. He can afford to stoop down by serving. The very action of Jesus, it is definitely an extraordinary act. One of the scholars, his name is John, I read this in a commentary where he says, a wife might wash a husband's feet. A children might wash his father's feet. And the disciples might wash the fastest feet. In every case you see, it would be an act of extreme devotion. So foot washing was normally carried out by a servant and not by those who are participating in a meeting. And certainly not by the one who's proceeding at the meeting. So when you look back at the Jewish tradition, a Jewish slave, a Jewish slave would not be asked to wash people's feet. The task was assigned to a gentile slave. So it is much lower than that. Dear Jesus, considering him to be that, he just stooped down to that level. So the whole act you see, Jesus did more than to fill the need in that place. He just offered an object lesson to us. He explained that Jesus, explained with this example is saying, in John 3.15, he says, let me turn to John 3.15, he says, let him move out of the house, don't go down to the house. Sorry, sorry. You know, a little bit later he says, you know, do as I have done. Just wash his feet. He says this as an example and he says, do it as I have done. So when we look deep in the fact, the very act itself is not the main point, but it's the attitude one can't. So Jesus desires that we will be willing to humble ourselves to serve others in that manner. So he's looking at each of us. Please ignore the pride, the position, the power that is in you. Stopping you to stoop down yourself to serve others. He's saying, do it because I have done it. I've done it. The Son of God, it's a gospel of Mark, addresses Jesus as the Son of God. The Son of God can stoop down to that level much more than I can do. And he says, whatever's the rest is, stick it, just come out of all that. There's also another book by Charles Stanley. He talks about clean feet and clean heart. He puts it in a very interesting manner. He just says Jesus performed his greatest and the most humble act in washing the feet within 24 hours. Within 24 hours, the same hand that washed the feet of the disciples will be nailed on the cross. Will be nailed. The message here is that every task that God gives us, every task that God gives us. It's very important in this kingdom. We need to understand that there's nothing small, nothing big. So what I'm trying to say, what is Jesus trying to say? When we put it in our time, when we put it in our time, it says it. Like, you know, the word says go now. You don't do as what I do. So he's trying to say that go love people by putting them above ourselves. One of the reasons why the disciples were not able to perform what Jesus did was they thought that they are better. They're higher. Pride, ego, position, power. Make the person to avoid, first to put them. Avoid loving each other. This is what Jesus is asking that you today. Love people. Consider them better than yourself. Just like what God writes about the letters. Consider others better than us. So through this simple, through this very simple advocacy that the most high God took the position of one of the most lowest. Luke also states that the last supper, the disciples were decaying. That is debating about who was the greatest. So every one of them would have considered Jesus to be the greatest. But then what happened? The greatest fan was a rabbi, was a teacher. He was their Lord, the Messiah, the Son of God. Stooped out to that level to wash their seat. And then they go ahead with the dinner part. Let me let you see. So now they go ahead and have dinner together. So Jesus is breaking the bread at the wine. And he again compares it to his body, what's going to happen in the next few days. And then very soon after that, they go to the Garden of Gethsemane and then we know what happened. You know, there's a Roman governor pilot who sent the soldiers to arrest Jesus because he assaulted, and as Jesus and then we see he was sentenced to death and crucification. And on Friday morning around 9 a.m. Jesus was all whipped and at 3 p.m. he was crucified. At that moment, very soon, at that moment, there was no sunlight. It was very peaceful. It was all covered in darkness. God the Father turned away from his precious Son. The Son and God, you know, the voice came from heaven saying, This is my beloved Son, and no one will please me. The same God is turning away from his precious Son, because the sin of the world is put on the cross. So there was an eternal, there was a separation. And Jesus could not withstand that separation from the cross. He could not withstand that separation from his Father. As time went again, Jesus said that whatever I do, I do what I see my Father do. He was so connected in relation with his Father now, because he's carrying the sin of the world in the room, that you see sin separates us from God. So now, Jesus is separated from God. That is a very great sin for Jesus. So in Scripture Matthew 15, Matthew 15, 34, at the 9th hour, Jesus cried out with a loud voice saying, Eli, Eli, Lama, Sabatta, which is translated as, My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? And he died. He died after a few words. He just shared a few words. We'll study later about the seven words of the cross. Then he died. But what happened? The disciples carried the body of Jesus, and laid it into the tomb of Jesus. He had about 10 years. He gave forward often the people that he loved built. And on Saturday, it was complete silence. The disciples are scared. Sunday just as before. Maybe the disciples would be remembering, isn't it? Last week, Sunday, people celebrated him, the enter into Jerusalem. They made him sit on a cold. They put that cloth. They welcomed him, cried out to the boys, waving the palms, saying, Huzana, Huzana. And now, the same people screaming on the Friday thing, crucify him, crucify him. He's dead and gone. He's been laid in a stranger's tomb. The whole scene may be going into the disciples' mind. We're walking boldly. Peter walking boldly, saying, Hey, I'm the disciple. I'm the leader. Jesus appointed me. Now, ways he is so fearful. Where is the boldest which Peter had? He denied Jesus three times, two times. And now he's hiding. He's planning to get back to his old business. He's thinking everything is over. Everything is done and gone. And some of Jesus' followers, that is a few women, named Mary. There's another Mary. And Silumi went to the tomb of Jesus to attain the body. Now, there was one removal, both at large stones at the end. And when they came near, they found the large stone was moved. And there was an angel of a mad dressed in white. It was supposed to be an angel. And he told them that Jesus is alive. And he showed the empty tomb to them. He showed the empty tomb to them. And told them to go and tell Peter and all the disciples to go to Galilee and wait there. And just as suddenly as, you know, the book ends abruptly. It ends abruptly with this final miracle of Jesus being raised, the man of miracles being raised. So the very act shows us Jesus killed the dead itself and made a permanent pathway of life. So verse 16, Peter told him that some of the scholars added a few verses to give a perfect ending. Okay, that is from verse 15 to verse 20, which talks about the great commission. 14 to 20 talks about the great commission that the risen Jesus looks at the disciples. And he says, he rebukes first the unbelief and the hardness of the heart. And then he tells them, go into all the world. Verse 15, chapter 16 verse 15, he says, go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature. Evo believes that this baptized will be saved. And Evo does not believe will be condemned. And these signs will follow those who believe. In my name, in my name, they will cast out demons. They will speak with new tongues. They will take up serpents. And if they drink anything deadly, it will be, it will buy no means for them. They will lay hands on the sick. They will stand after the Lord has spoken to them. He was received up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God. And they went out and preached everywhere. So this is what the disciples did. They took the great commission very seriously and they went out. They say, the Lord working with them and confirming the word through the company, science and ethics. So our recommendation for each of you is to study the gospel of God as a whole. We study through it several times because it's failed with the miracles of Jesus. So we'll understand the story of Jesus both as man's miracles and as a sufferer. So we hold the points. We get to understand Jesus first. So with that, that's what the gospel of Mark is all about. We'll leave you all with this and I'll keep it open. You have anything to share about gospel of Mark? Please go ahead and share because of the fact I may not have covered every detail of the miracle, parable, other events, but I just thought I'd take it as a story to share with you. If there's anything else, please go ahead, unmute, share, or talk about the incident that we covered that has helped you to understand. Please feel free to unmute anyone from the team, from the class, and unmute and share your news. Okay, I hope there's nothing that is easy to understand the gospel of Mark. We will just pray, we'll pray and we'll ask God, God, give us that servant heart that Jesus carried within himself, help us to stood down, just like how Jesus stood down, and help us to consider others better than ourselves. We'll just pray and ask God because that is not a nabhan because we are human. It is the nature of God that can help us to humble ourselves and look up to God, and look up to God. Okay, dear Father, we thank you. Thank you that you died of the curse. Thank you for the heart that you perform your way every year, being the son of God. You humble yourself every year. You went to humble yourself much lower than the servant, and you washed the feet of Jesus in each and every disciple. Father, we thank you. Lord, I pray that you will change your heart, your mind, soul. We pray that, Lord, you will change. You will make it more like you do, where we can humble ourselves to do what it takes to do. We will humble ourselves in the way that we please you with every act that we do. The thought behind the act will be that pleases you, oh Lord, that way your name will be exalted, oh Father. Lord, we pray that you will change your heart, the way we will consider others better than ourselves. We will be put others' priority, others as the other person as the first one. Father, we pray that we love you. You are the host, I call you the king of kings. Lord, we thank you that you will change your heart and mind and help us to love each other just the way you interact with me. You will help us to love each other both in ourselves. Put others first. Help us to serve the way you serve. It can only be done with you. Thank you, Lord. Thank you, Father. May Jesus' name be with you. Amen. Amen. Thank you so much for joining in today's session. God bless you all tomorrow. Thank you. God bless. Thank you.