 Biosurfactants are natural molecules produced by certain types of microorganisms. They have been used for decades as alternatives to synthetic surfactants due to their low cost and environmental friendliness. Recent studies have focused on the physical and chemical properties of these compounds, as well as their potential applications in various industries. Despite some progress, there remain many challenges to be overcome before biosurfactants can become widely used in commercial products. Currently, the global biosurfactant market is small but growing, with opportunities for further expansion. This article was authored by M.A. Rudikova, P.U. Galitskaya, and S.U. Sullivanovskaya.