 G'day mate. G'day mate, 40 here. So when you're not Jewish and you hear of Judaism, you think, oh, this is like Christianity without Christ, but Judaism is not Christianity without Christ. It's not even primarily a religion. It's primarily a people, or you can call it primarily a nationality or a tribe. So it used to be that all religions were the expressions of a particular people, right? So the Mesopotamian, the people in Mesopotamia, the various people there, they all had their own individual religions. So all religions used to be national religions. And then you had the rise of the Greeks and Greek philosophy and universalist thinking, and you had the rise of Christianity and Islam, which are universalist religions. But till Christianity and Islam, all religions were national religions. So Judaism is a national religion, but it's not even primarily a religion. It's primarily a people. It's a tribe. And so when you hear that such and such orthodox synagogue is not a religious synagogue, it's not a crunch addiction in terms. Because the Hebrew word for synagogue, beit kineset, means meeting place, right? Beit tefila means house of prayer, but a synagogue is not primarily a house of prayer. It's primarily a meeting place. It's where you get together with your tribe. Now there may be prayers that go on, and there may be Torah readings, and there may be Torah classes, and there may be all this ostensibly religious programming, but it's primarily a meeting place for the tribe. So someone who's raised religious, raised some of the Adventists, when I wanted to convert to Judaism, it took me a while to understand this. So I'd call around different synagogues, and they weren't seeking converts, and they thought I was a little Meshuggah, crazy. And I'd hear like, we're not really a religious synagogue, we're primarily an ethnic club. So I think it helps overall to understand religion as a subset of culture. So Australian Christianity is very different from American Christianity, right? Christianity in Australia maybe have more in common with other aspects of Australian culture than it does with Christianity in another nation. So African Christianity is a very different thing than Christianity in Canada, and Christianity in England, and Christianity in France, and Spain. So I find it helpful to understand religion as a subset of culture. And so the type of Christianity that people in Japan practice is very different from the type of Christianity that people in Australia, or people in South Africa, or people in Zimbabwe, or Rhodesia, Rhodesia is now Zimbabwe, but other parts of Africa or Latin America. So when you may find a Jew say, I'm not very religious, and yet they may devote their life to helping the Jewish people, they may devote themselves to say providing security for Jewish events, or providing jobs for people, or devote their lives to helping refugees, or doing the synagogue's books. It's just like with 12-step recovery, some people get solid recovery and they don't need to go to meetings anymore. Not everyone needs to go to meetings for the rest of their life, so some people still go to meetings, but they know that to keep their recovery they have to be of service. And so if they're an attorney, they may provide some pro bono legal advice for people in the program, or if they're an accountant, they may provide some pro bono accounting advice for people in the program. So if you're a happy person, you naturally incline towards giving. You naturally incline towards being helpful towards other people. So you'll find a lot of non-religious Jews who are presidents of their synagogue, who take on all sorts of tasks in their synagogue, that they arrange financing for the synagogue, they arrange new construction loan, or they oversee the construction. So other people say, oh, I'm not religious, but they're very dedicated to Israel, or they're dedicated to other Jewish causes. So there is such a thing as the non-religious synagogue, because even most synagogues are not religious in the way that churches are religious. So religions set themselves, make claims that they stand outside of any individual particular culture that they represent God's will. Those are the claims of religion. So from an outside perspective, from a secular perspective, religion is about people trying to interact with or believing that they're interacting with supernatural beings. That's the secular perspective. But Judaism, as this worldly of the world's religions, is the least of the next world focus, the least heavenly-minded. It's much more focused on the way you behave today. So there's no distinction in Judaism between the religious fear and the non-religious fear. So Judaism has practices and laws and commandments for how you do business, how you put on your shoes, how you eat, how you drink, how you play. So Judaism has laws that legislate all of life. And so from a traditional Jewish perspective, or any Jewish perspective, thinking of Judaism as a religion doesn't quite fit, or doesn't even fit at all. Judaism is the way of life of the Jewish people, and it has religious aspects to it. But overall, it's a peoplehood. So you can very well have the non-religious synagogue. You can have most people who go to an Orthodox synagogue, won't even consider themselves religious. They may just practice what they understand as the traditional Jewish way of life. And so Christians talk a lot about their personal walk with Jesus, or their personal faith in the Lord, or how they believe about God and dogmatic theology. Jews very rarely talk about theology. Very rare. So Jews may tell stories about God. When Christians talk about God, they usually do systematic theology. They profound systematic theology. They have all these different theological doctrines and dogmas. That plays very little role in the way that Judaism operates in reform, conservative, and Orthodox synagogues. So generally speaking, when rabbis talk about God, when regular Jews talk about God, they talk about God in terms of stories. And it's the stories of the particular people. So yes, there are non-religious Jews. Jews would not consider themselves religious. And there are hundreds and thousands of non-religious synagogues. So you go to a synagogue, you go to an Orthodox synagogue, and you may well find atheists there. You may find people with every type of belief possible, except a belief in another religion. Obviously, if you believe in Jesus as God, then you're not going to feel comfortable in a synagogue. But as long as someone's not believing in practicing in another religion, a Jew is going to feel perfectly at home in synagogue, whatever his beliefs are about God, whatever his beliefs are about the formation of the Torah, because it's primarily a peoplehood identity, it's primarily a tribal thing.