 Good afternoon and welcome to today's energy seminar. Today I'm delighted and thrilled actually to have the brand new director of the Precourt Institute for Energy, Yixue, join us. I have to say from my point of view and everybody else's, he's really hit the ground running the last few months. I was gonna say that he is a man who needs no introduction, but I do feel he does because he is one of these unique people who actually has been successful in four parallel careers. So let me list on at least from my perspective, he's been a top researcher in nanotechnology with a focus on the energy sector, including physics, chemistry and a little bit of biology. It has many hundreds of publications which may be a all-time record for a speaker at the energy seminar. He's actually been willing to do this seminar for us a few times, for me a few times before, which has been, he's been one of the most popular speakers in that regard on the research side. He's also gotten into research management and was, is a professor of photonics at the Slack National Accelerator Laboratory as well as the very innovative, more recent job as co-director of the Storage X Initiative, which started in 2019. He's also a kind of innovation entrepreneur in terms of reaching out to the business and government communities to accelerate things. And in fact was the, I think founding co-director of the Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium from 2011 to 2018. And finally, he's an entrepreneur, not just actually we're finding within the context of energy innovation at Stanford at large, but actually has taken ideas with former students from the labs into startups. I think there's at least four startups that he's been directly involved in. So without further ado, I'd like to turn it over to each way, the brand new or almost brand new director of the Precord Institute for Energy, which is our sponsor, a benefactor in many ways, but also a very singular institution that's many other institutions are trying to copy now, but he's quick enough to keep us ahead of the game. And he'll give us a talk on his vision for the future of the Precord Institute for Energy. E, take it away. He's also my neighbor. I left that out, which is another fun fact for my personal point of view. He's a good neighbor. Thank you so much, John, for your introduction and invitation. One, you know, I'm a three month and three and a half month old director for the Precord Institute, quite a bit of learning. Today, it's my pleasure to share with you some of the thoughts on the future of Precord, you know, vision plan for the next decade. First of all, before I even start, I really liked to acknowledge you many, many people when I transitioned into this new role and coming to talk to me and really educate me about our Precord Institute, you know, faculties, members, staffs, and I really appreciate the previous directors particularly. So looking at the vision of Precord Institute, this is the vision Arlun and Sally, when they were director already set up, I look at this vision, I say, we don't need to change. It's the same vision. It's very exciting. Sustainable, affordable and secure energy for all. So very simple, very clear message, very high impact. While looking at the status of Precord Institute, I myself do my own evaluation as well, looking at what we have at the whole Stanford Energy Community. Well, thanks to the previous directors, Arlun, Sally and Lin, and also the whole Stanford Energy Community from faculty, students, staff and alumni and our advisory council members, Precord is a world leading institute and energy. So I'm inheriting this institute proudly already in such a great shape. So this is a really, really good platform for us to explore to the next level. Let's look at what's the opportunity in front of us for energy in the coming decades. This is probably one of the most exciting times for energy. And US expect to Paris Accord, the Biden administration's energy policy very aggressively towards clean energy. 25% of Fortune 500 company have committed to climate goals. And this percentage is rising very fast. It will not be surprising in a year or two, most of the Fortune 500 company might already committed to the primary goals. And at Stanford right here, we are starting a new school focused on climate and sustainability. This really three things I see presenting to the whole Stanford Energy Community, working on clean energy. So the question is, how do we respond to these great opportunities? And I'm fortunate to have our colleagues right here. I've been talking to you and having a great advice for many of you. I really appreciate it. And also from alumni or advisory council members as well. Well, let's look into what do we have? The research educational program and prequel institute in the whole Stanford Energy Community is this whole list of programs right here. I will not go into the details of that. That will take a long time to share with you what's going on in each of these center and initiative. But I would like to reformulate what we have and plan for the future and the language. Maybe it's easier for you to understand and for me to understand what we have. So here is interwoven fabric type of configuration. I want to share with you to organize the thoughts about Stanford Energy Research. And the vertical columns right here is there are the initiatives we already have pretty exciting one on technology. For example, bits and watts. This is initiative started several years ago by Arlun and Sally. This is try to tackle the issue of decarbonizing the electrical grid. We know if you look at a carbon footprint or each sectors, electrical grid and also transportation stand out as two most outstanding one, each contribute to roughly about a third of the CO2 emission, depending of course in the countries you are looking at. And 2019, as John mentioned, I serve as co-director with a wheelchair to start energy storage initiative called StorageX. Most of the research program is on batteries. Of course, it's not limited to the batteries, thermal storage, palm hydro, all the storage mechanism we will consider. With the storage coming in, this helped decarbonizing the transportation area as well as synergy with bits and watts to help decarbonizing the grid. So these are the two very important initiative already started several years ago. And this whole energy landscape of research, natural gas initiative is also a very important one. Natural gas, how do you utilize natural gas, reduce the carbon footprint to doing the carbon conversion storage and so on. And natural gas is a very important part of energy system. And particularly, natural gas as one way of a long duration storage, prepare for the seasonal variation is an important part of the ecosystem. And in the very fundamental research part of catalysis, a suncat center is a very important one. A many energy transformation process involving a catalytic process. This as a fundamental center, it's important part of a Stanford energy system as well as new materials, the science, the Stanford Institute for Materials Energy Research is also an important part of that. So with these vertical columns, so what's next down the road we need to consider and carbon removal initiative is a new one under planning. Indeed, before I took the director job, Sally Arlund and Chris Phil and the Woods Institute, they have been planning about this already. So I'm very supportive of that. This is a very important initiative. How do you do carbon capture, conversion, storage? And that is engineering solution or the natural solution this active planning right now and starting this initiative. Next one is the hydrogen initiative. The greenhouse gas free hydrogen is also very important for decarbonizing the industry. I'll go into a little bit more detail in the next few slides. So these are the one under consideration. And in the cost cutting areas, also very important is how do we think about energy finance, the sustainable finance, this sustainable finance initiative already existing inside Prickle Institute. And the policy is very important component as well to support the whole energy system, to have the right policy in place is very important. This involving Hoover Institute, involving law school and business school, this is an important part of the equation. Education, we want to engage more of education and the Prickle Institute is already explore energy as a very exciting program, very successful program to perform the education function. External communication, what do we do right here? We need to have external communication strategy to let outside world know about us to form partnership. And cross cutting, this is a new one, very exciting is planning for the future energy system. It's highly complex system, how much solar we need, how much wind we need, how much storage we need and charging station and coupled with the climate change and environmental justice, how do we understand this? And this is the initiative, I'm excited about planning and to start is using big data, using machine learning to plan for the future energy system. And the technology translation is important part of it to decarbonize the whole economy. And we need new technology and the exciting things we work on at Stanford, how do we translate that into industry? And there will be quite a bit of synergy down the road with the new school planning and how do we do this together? And all these energy ideas, this social and human behavior apart is social justice, environmental justice, consideration, we need to put it more and more to engage broadly the whole society into this process to decarbonize the whole economy. And global engagement, including, with China, with India, with Europe, with Africa, with the whole world. This is also important part of the Stanford energy ecosystem that continue to be important. So with this interwoven fabric of the energy ecosystem, let me also mention in the preco-institut has been actively engaged with all the schools the institute is set up in a way is a cross-cutting all the school, certainly very strong engagement already with engineering and also strong engagement with Earth Energy Environmental School and with Humanities and Science as well. With more and more communication, I'm hoping to engage your business and law school even more. We have a little bit with the medicine, this is, I would hope to have more dialogue, how do we engage medicine education more with who were very strong engagement. Now I also see great opportunity the engagement with SLAC, particularly Stanford-SLAC partnership with DOE. So these engagement with SLAC is very important as well. And the biggest opportunity for preco-institut is a new school focused on climate and sustainability. It becomes very clear preco needs to be part of new school to help new school building up the program in the same time preco-institut can grow as well. So yet at the same time maintaining the cross-cutting function with the other new school, I will welcome our faculties instead of providing certainly feedback during the next several years and how I can do better the job of a director position to continue to perform this cross-cutting function yet focusing on a new school building as well. So let me give you the examples of these new initiative I have been thinking about with feedback from many faculties and from our preco fellows already. One is on the energy climate AI. This is a short discretion on this initiative. This basically involving the whole energy system analysis design and integration, integrating the thinking of a climate pattern disaster warning overlay with energy system and map out the CO2 footprint of the entire supply chain and thinking about the carbonizing the grid transportation and also integrate the thinking of environmental and social justice overlay with the whole energy system. This is extremely exciting. Basically coupling energy and climate and environmental social justice together into the whole system to plan for the future requiring big data machine learning to come in to start this complex network. Indeed, we just started a new seed funding mechanism called preco pioneering project. And the first quarter we released the proposal call. We just finished selecting the project and will be announcing very soon in about a week also will be announcing the winners. This is in the areas of energy climate AI and for the system integration. We have two very exciting projects identify you will see the announcement hopefully next week. The second initiative is carbon removal from carbon capture conversion. The vision is to storage what the vision is to create science-based opportunity and solution for giga-town scale of negative emission. And it's very likely based on solar and wind itself without the fossil energy like natural gas involvement decarbonizing the whole grid decarbonizing the all the energy areas will be tough. We still need the fossil fuel for a long time. Then we need strategies to capture the CO2 to convert and also to store. So this will be an important part of the energy ecosystem to reach a net zero. And we need negative emission a solution coming in to reach the, you know for the whole energy system to be net zero. This is under planning. These are the faculties involved. Sarah is the managing director to help really a planning for these exciting new initiative. A new one coming is the hydrogen. And hydrogen with a low greenhouse gas hydrogen or greenhouse gas free hydrogen will be very important for decarbonizing certain industry. For example, steel making, heavy duty transportation and the heating, long duration storage and these are multiple important application areas could require hydrogen once the hydrogen cost is low enough. So the research thrust and Stanford can include how do you generate low cost hydrogen with a greenhouse gas free hydrogen? And how do you do hydrogen storage transportation and utilization? We now have a team of faculty and staff to help planning for this initiative. Shaolin Zheng and Fritz Plains agreed to be the faculty co-director to plan for the hydrogen initiative. Tom Hormiro, Jimmy Chen and Naomi Bonista are involved actively in planning for this. We hope to be able to launch this initiative very soon. This is picking up a lot of momentum actually tomorrow we are having this hydrogen, heavy duty workshop and engaging industry to really is serving for the purpose or planning of this initiative. Stay tuned. This is coming fast to be launched hopefully sometime this year. So I also want to share with you the thoughts on potential pre-co-institutial initiative. I just described just introduced to you the three in the top energy climate AI carbon removal hydrogen. Some of the topics not under discussion I want to share with you. One is on reinventing the plastics. We know we consume a lot of plastics and it's not in a sustainable way. So it require creative thinking really reinvent the plastics with sustainability in mind. Now there's a team of faculty about 10 also active involving and coming up ideas to really generate a plastic. How do you from the polymer chemistry to processing and make it sustainable? So this is area I'm excited about and many faculty members are excited about. The second one is on energy efficient computing with more and more computational power coming in particularly with AI and computing consume more and more energy. And how do we do efficient computing becomes important consume less energy in the same time computing speed can becomes faster becomes more efficient that also facilitate our big data AI for energy initiative as well. So system X with Philip Wong and the faculty members associated with system X we are planning about this. Also this could engage slag as well. The next one just starting I have been thinking and also chatting with a few faculties is on sustainable manufacturing. And this is important to see less fields to footprint and also saving the materials what is a lot of creative ideas needed to think about sustainable manufacturing. Going down to the list this is very initial stage of thinking is zero emission aviation. We know for transportation for a personal cost it looks like it's a lithium ion batteries already. That will change the whole passenger cost. And moving to boss and heavy duty might require hydrogen might require fuel cells. So this is open. And then if you go into the airplane going to aviation and 30 years you look down the next three decades it's CO2 footprint will become and percentage wise will go up. How do you decarbonize aviation? This is very challenging and zero emission aviation can be coming aggressively and you are going to see in the airplane industry all electrified airplane is needed. A stand for we need to think about the decarbonization in this area what we do in these areas. And going down to the list energy climate policy solution environmental justice social behavior these are coming. I'm still in the learning process. How are we going to do this? And also recently talking to the business school well carbon neutral next year next year well by 2050 the whole economy the world economy is decarbonized. What does this mean for business school? And do we do business as usual? I guess it's not this present big challenges and also opportunities for new type of business. So we need to put our head together from energy technology science and technology engineering together with business economics to really look into this new opportunity. What's really coming is unknown. We can see some of the things for example the whole supply chain needs to be decarbonized. All the business when you do between different company you need to really look into CO2 footprint. What does this means to the business opportunities? So we need to look into that more. Stay tuned this is coming. We need more involvement of business school faculty in this process. So I also like to mention more about labs to market technology translation. And with the new school on climate sustainability you know this sustainability accelerator and the planning for technology translation for also policy solution for translation. And this offer new type of funding vehicles right to taking the solution generated in the labs going to the next level the risk and translate into the industry become the realistic solution. This huge opportunity is right there. Experience here in the Stanford energy ecosystem Tomcat innovation transfer program and Stanford's climate venture course these provide some of the foundation to couple with the new schools sustainability accelerator. I bet we could do more with the pre-course of SIFAM mechanism a lot of great idea get funded to feed into the accelerator to get to the next level. These I see great opportunities right there. Just as an example, so what type of acceleration are we talking about from the technology side? Well, this is my understanding based on the startup company I founded or co-founded in the last 12, 13 years. Going from lab to market we are seeing it will experience from milligram or materials usually in the lab to about a gram. You need to go up to kilogram eventually get up to the in the order of million tons easily you need to consider in a marketplace. And the areas of the device we work on the lab typically centimeter square maybe a little bit bigger then you need to go to meter square for a thousand meter square and then to a billion meter square type of range. So the device from lab prototype need to go for commercial prototype to a manufacturable product. This whole process the orders of magnitude you see from lab to market oftentimes get you about 13 to 15 orders of magnitude. How do we do that? It's actually very, very challenging problem. And with the technology translation we can do more as Stanford. And this is the value proposition I see translation type of research. If you look at an R&D program and the energy startup company the first three to four years nearly has no difference from university research oftentimes it's the same. And by the course it's about three times higher in the company then why don't you do it in university with the proper guidance of what industry is needed. And the sweet spot right here is the gram, kilogram scale meter square by commercial prototype. This type of translation research we hope to be able to do more as Stanford in a new school or accelerator this will help causing the value of the depth and made the translation into industry to the much larger scale a lot more successful. That's the value I've been seeing. So with the new school building up prequel in the new school is a really close relationship. Prequel can be part of new school. Yes, they maintain maintaining the whole university cross cutting function. Prequel can have new school brilliant resources building out the talent building out the culture these three things are very important. Well in the past about close to 20 years now since GSAP time translate and becoming a prequel institute. And prequel has known figuring out the mechanism very powerful very strong structure to build out the program and looking at different initiative and the prequel in the whole Stanford energy ecosystem the faculty co-director pairing with a managing director very high quality managing director this has been very, very powerful. I work with our managing directors who closely have seen the qualities of people we have certainly the quality of faculty co-director this has been very exciting building up the initiative very fast. This will be the mechanism prequel institute could help building up a new school. And looking down the road the growth opportunity for prequel there's a multiple areas of the growth a prequel has been very successful in partnership with energy company and their supplier. This will continue to be a very exciting growth areas. We know we have a strategic energy alliance ExxonMobil, Bank of America, Total and Shell and we continue to grow this partnership with energy company and their suppliers our initiative bids and wards storage acts and using the Stanford Energy Corporate affiliate SACA mechanism we are involving 24 companies and they provide quite a bit of support to our initiative and this number is growing bigger right now I still need to update the slides. So these will continue to grow as areas number one. The second one is the companies Fortune 500 companies and many high tech company they are not necessarily doing energy but they commit the zero emission goal by certain time. You have seen the Amazon's climbing pledge 53 companies joining Amazon and Microsoft Google has their climate goal Apple announced the climate goals many companies announced in the high-tech area announcing the climate goals. And prequel institute we are planning this zero emission accelerator to help those companies to reach their climate goal reach zero emission they set up the goal by certain time and our big data energy climbing AI CO2 mapping the supply chain how to get a scope three for example environmental justice and so on sustainable packaging materials roadmap for the carbon goal zero emission education for the company all of these programs are designing right now try to engage this company opening up a huge opportunity or partnership to much broader range for prequel with the enterprise so we are working hard on this hopefully we will be able to announce some of this partnership very soon the third area of the growth is the partnership with Slack to work with the department of energy and Slack as a DOE national lab and all for its unique capability in a big facility staff already has a very strong energy research program faculties staff and students we could work with Slack closely for example we are thinking about National Energy Translation Consortium this white paper indeed we submitted to DOE during the transition period in November and we hope to be able to communicate with the DOE about this idea and Silicon Valley right here with Stanford and Slack partners she's to set up a energy translation consortium making a lot of sense and closely link with that and I have been talking with Slack director Chi-Cheng Cao and also Steve Aglash as the energy division director on the potentially joint pre-code and Slack centers on four of these centers there's already very strong of a critical mass of faculty right here as Stanford coupling with Slack on batteries on carbon removal, smart grid and hydrogen we are now thinking about how to structure this relationship to build up the joint centers so to work with the department of energy coupling the strength of private school the strength of the DOE lab and the strength of the department of energy to build up these joint center sitting in the Silicon Valley so this will be very, very exciting opportunity the fourth area is with our local government California Energy Commission's electrical program investment charge this is called APED so APED has been funding research in the areas really aligned with what pre-code has been doing certainly this opportunity for us as Stanford right here to find out the opportunity to work with a state government to have the women's situation we have very strong research can also help the state government end their program to decarbonize particularly in the electricity sectors you look at all these program solicitations it actually fits very nicely with what we have so building the relationship with a state government is I see this great opportunity of faculty listening and students and staff particularly our faculty right here if you see how we can build out the partnership with the state government please let me know, get in touch with me I will be happy to talk to you and see how we do this together so speaking of building up all this exciting research program let me show you my personal story the partnership between pre-code institute what a private school can offer and in coupling with department energy hopefully coupling down the road with the state government these could be very, very powerful mechanism for us to build up the exciting program and to help the decarbonization fast I joined the Stanford faculty 2005 with the startup funding to jump start my battery research program global climate energy project 2006 providing me the first funding my funding ever got on the battery research the first one and to work on the high energy density battery particularly my silicon annual research now very early on that was the time it was very hard to obtain government funding indeed there's not much government funding to fund battery research at that time but the internal center at Stanford funding my research that kept me going and pre-code institute 2010 providing me a CFUN and together with Professor Zhen Anbao 200K to see the research to put in faculty to work on batteries this is very important CFUN indeed lead to our now more than a decade long collaboration on the batteries and coming out a lot of creative idea on the battery research and 2010 that was the first fund I was able to get from the Department of Energy to work on batteries and we will join in the faculty in 2012 and now you can see we slowly build up the critical mass this is very important event we are coming in build up the battery research program really fast together with Zhen Anbao and other faculties now we are start to see some critical mass and we have this battery hub disease you know slack through slack we join in as a partner to work on this battery hub when I joined Stanford faculty that was the time there's no people working on the battery research except many years ago Professor Bob Harkins was the one working on that I restarted this program at Stanford and by building up a critical mass takes time and later you know slack Stanford becomes an important partner of battery 500 consortium led by PNNL National Lab and with critical mass we build battery materials research program through Department of Energy through slack or this building it up with critical mass 2019 we were able to launch Storage X Initiative inside Prickle Institute so this whole process really prepare us now with about 10 plus faculties a core faculty is working on battery research ready to build a battery center but it did take us a long time 15 years to get here and during this process we see the GISA and political resources play a very important role but can be shortened this building up to much shorter because we don't have that much time the coming decade is so important to decarbonize to generate the technology to help decarbonize the whole economy and we need a mechanism to build up the program fast so at Prickle Institute right here with the brainstorming with our faculties and staff this is a powerful mechanism we come up and from Prickle Institute research program to potential new major initiative and how do we do that we already have very powerful Prickle C fund and these in usually individual faculty level one to two faculty 100 to 200 K coming from our support our alumni from Gifted Endowment and starting this year I just started this Prickle pioneering project this expand the number of faculty is a bigger C fund this funding source is also our Gifted Endowment the funding for two years I hope to build a team fast to strategically address very important areas of the energy research the first C we are going to give our will announce I mentioned earlier is on the energy and climate AI on the big data very exciting proposal, very exciting teams these will put us onto the map of using big data to plan for the multi-level of the energy systems and the CIRC is the Strategic Energy Research Consortium and this is an ACA members providing from the industry providing the funding having a team of faculty this is more like a GSAP type of supporting level one to two million for three years and this is also the selection just finished we are going to be able to see what projects are very soon and this will lead to major initiative having eight to ten core faculty with a few million dollars per year type of support with industry maybe some Gifted Endowment coming in to support major initiative eventually leading to research center involving government agencies the state government as well and the federal and state government both and having much bigger scale so we want to build up this whole process fast and Preco will be able to help to bring up the faculty to work on a critical areas of energy research this will hopefully lead to the scientific breakthrough and the technology very fast so with that I want to go to the summary these unprecedented support of clean energy and sustainability from government and industry and our new school under planning on climate and sustainability also bring to Preco Institute the growth opportunity and the relationship with Slack is very, very exciting and the Preco Institute is very, very positioned to explore all this opportunity we have seen new exciting initiative coming more areas not under discussion I will welcome our faculty and staffs of feedback and also our industry partners aluminized feedback I will be happy to discuss with you I know my time is running out I'll stop right here maybe we can take some questions thank you very much Great, E, I'm ready to go that was a breathtaking, inspiring and forward-looking vision you laid out there in my opinion so I really I think everybody probably resonated if I'm not mistaken resonated with that we did have a few questions your talk was so well structured I think a lot of the questions that came up at the beginning you wound up answering by the end but just around the margins I guess one question that came out early and may or may not still be on the questioner's mind is this I think is for the world but also for your initiative is that should we think about beyond electricity meaning I think explicitly for this questioner and you're an expert on pieces of this as well other kind of sets of infrastructure transportation like hydrogen infrastructure or ammonia infrastructure and whatnot recognizing that a good way to store energy in some scenarios might be through hydrogen and whatnot so how are you thinking about that now and is that within or outside and if inside and what parts of your program with those kinds of things come in these are all inside this is great question all inside a pre-course consideration so you know not just electricity electricity of course important part of that the grid and the electrical transportation important part of that but we also open to for example hydrogen could help transportation in the same time maybe still refining industry if our faculties want to work on hydrogen and still refining process I mean I will be very supportive of that I'm sure this is many faculty once they look into this question deeper they will appreciate that and I also see in the in the chat somebody asking about agriculture a technology I was agriculture right roughly about getting close to 10% of greenhouse gas coming from agriculture that's very exciting also if our faculty have great ideas to decarbonize the agriculture I think why not I think pre-course institute should be supportive of that and then there's a cement industry and cement is very hard to decarbonize if our faculty look into the new idea the new green cement how do you generate new type of cement for examples I think pre-course will be supportive of that as well and it's very open at this moment we are really waiting for faculty to come to propose to us and say they have an idea to help decarbonize with a kind of gigaton scale of CO2 possibility per year that we are very excited about helping faculty to launch research program Terrific another similar question which I think is embodied in many of the initiatives but I think it would be good to respond to a question about what role in your vision does energy efficiency meaning reducing energy demand either at the device or systems level have in your view of how things should evolve at the pre-course institute well energy efficiency is very important part I didn't put it in the slide emphasis I'm waiting for faculty to start up coming to me and I've been talking to Jim Sweeney talking to certainly Emory Lawin working with energy efficiency so something very important low-hanging fruit if you do it right you can save a lot of energy that reduces the CO2 already saving a lot of CO2 we are open to that for sure another question you made a point towards the end on collaboration with states particularly the one that we happen to live in now has there been any similar thinking about collaborating with cities either the local ones there were very sustainability oriented or the big ones many of which are in California from Oakland, San Jose, San Francisco, Los Angeles and whatnot yes I think so so we like to work with city as well under the current of course looking to energy system as well as a very exciting one is we need to address is environmental justice social justice I think we're working with a local community with cities absolutely we are open to that indeed you are going to see our pre-call pioneering project first two coming out having environmental justice component in there I think this program will start to look into engaging community that's where the action is in that space for sure another interesting question is it's kind of a competitive collaboration thing in your review of what to do and pre-court in all your previous engagements what do you see any other universities who are trying to plan something at this scale in the energy and sustainability area and if you do are you trying to already I know you well trying to collaborate with them already in various ways how do you think about cooperation competition amongst major universities this is partly for the students I think as well yeah certainly it's always true between university this competition as well as collaboration collaboration is very important for the fact right John I'm speaking right here about the pre-court plan with a video recorded this will be open to the public it's already live stream man so you're out there yes so it's already out there so it's already as my gesture to go out to ask for collaboration with other university I absolutely think so it's very important we need to collaborate on solving these such a big problem and the individual university cannot just work along to do this so my last question is my usual one that leads into your up close personal meeting with some of the registered students in the class and is what advice would you offer students in all these different areas about what the opportunities are in this space at Stanford and beyond yeah so this is what I told actually my group my graduate students you know in my life working with me on PhD thesis I told them I said this this year is 2021 2050 is a natural time so this 30 years very important if you look at your age right now like your age the next 30 years is golden time to work on sustainability fighting climate change whether you are doing science or engineering or you are doing business or law it's all very exciting for you to work in this area because there's so many problems it is multifaceted problem it's not just a science problem it's not just the engineering problem it's just not the not just the policy problem it's not just the economic problem they're all coupling in so this is the most exciting time and go deeper learn broader and I'm utilizing Stanford as a platform we have such a comprehensive program right here get engaged with the whole community our faculties and staff are really happy excited about working with all the students with that I'd like to thank you very much I see a lot of synergies actually to be explored that maybe you already are I think you are with the Biden administration I get from him the desire at least to go big or go home and I think you brought that same energy to Stanford and we are not the US government but we have our own ecosystem and I'm very glad you're helping to mold it in this way moving forward so thanks once again and we're now on to the next part of the program thank you so much for sharing your vision with us even with competing universities and companies and countries I might add I do think you're a master at managing those relationships in a way that's good for everybody involved so thanks again yeah thank you John great everybody