 Good afternoon and good evening, depending on where you're viewing this live stream. My name is Mike Yaffe, and I am the Vice President of the Middle East and Africa Center at the United States Institute of Peace. And we're delighted to welcome all of you virtually for this event. I want to extend a warm welcome back to His Excellency the Foreign Minister of Iraq, Dr. Faouk Hussain, and Her Excellency the Minister of Migration and Displacement, His Evan Faouk Jabru. Both are part of the delegation of Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa Akademi, who is visiting Washington this week. Minister Hussain and Minister Jabru are both no strangers to USIP. We had the pleasure of hosting Dr. Hussain back in 2014 for a public event at USIP and several roundtables. Minister Jabru is great to host you as one of USIP's esteemed civil society partners for the network of Iraqi facilitators and who is now leading such an important public portfolio. We are honored to have both of you with us today and to share your insights on priorities of the new Iraqi government and your vision for peace and stability in Iraq. For those of you in the audience who are new to USIP, welcome. USIP was founded over 35 years ago on the premise that peace is practical, peace is possible, and peace is vital for US national security interests. We work every day to prevent, mitigate, and resolve violent conflicts in some of the most complex and conflict-deflective regions in the world, from the Sahel and the Horn of Africa to the Middle East, Asia, and Latin America. We do this by linking policy and analysis, research, and training, and by working with partners on the ground. One of our priority countries is Iraq. The Institute has been engaged in Iraq uninterrupted since 2003. USIP and its Iraqi partners are helping to forge agreements between local communities to reduce communal tensions, prevent violence, and support the safe and voluntary return for displaced Iraqis in areas such as Tikrit after the Spiker massacre, Aouija, and Tel Aviv. To do this, we work with community leaders, society leaders, and local representatives in addition to the wider engagement with the government of Iraq and the Kurdistan regional government. Our work on the ground supports religious and ethnic minority communities, as they recover from the devastation left behind by ISIS. Today, we're working in need of a province to support these communities as they seek to heal and to facilitate the safe and voluntary return home of the hundreds of thousands who have been displaced. USIP is also expanding its communal dialogue and analytic work to other parts of the country such as Ambar and the Basra provinces. Another of USIP's key functions is to inform policy by connecting our local work and the data analysis and by convening conversations such as this one today involving US and Iraqi officials, lawmakers, and practitioners. From a peace-building perspective, we aim to inform stabilization efforts and promote social cohesion. As our long tenure in Iraq testifies, the Institute is committed to supporting Iraq and its people as they chart a course for adorable and lasting peace. After months of widespread demonstrations and political uncertainty, Iraq has now a new prime minister and government who have the opportunity to set a new path for positive change. The prime minister and his delegation's presence here in Washington for a second round of the US-Iraqi strategic dialogue offers a chance to deepen bilateral relations and advance mutual interests and stability in Iraq. Minister Hussein and Minister Jabru, as a new Iraqi government embarks on a mission to improve peace, stability, security, and governance in a difficult environment, I hope that you know that you can continue to count on the US Institute of Peace as a partner in this effort. After Foreign Minister Hussein's remarks today, I'll moderate a discussion with him before we move to a conversation with Minister Jabru that will be moderated by USIP's Director of Middle East Programs, Sahan Hamas-Eid. We invite you, the audience, to take part in this event by asking a question through the Q&A box under the live stream on the USIP event page or the live stream on Facebook. You can also engage with us and each other on Twitter with the hashtag Iraq Minister USIP. So with that, I am delighted to introduce Foreign Minister Hussein. Prior to his appointment in June as Foreign Minister, Dr. Hussein served as the Minister of Finance under Prime Minister Abdulmadi from 2018 to 2020. He held other positions in the government Iraq and the Kurdistan regional government, including serving as chief of staff to the former president of Iraqi Kurdistan region, Masoud Barzani. Dr. Hussein has been leading very important and challenging portfolios, which put him front and center in many of Iraq's key issues and efforts. He is joining us after a productive day of strategic dialogue sessions yesterday, which he and Secretary Pompeo led. He was also with the Prime Minister today in meetings with President Trump. So we are excited to hear from him about the outcome of these meetings and the overall visit. Minister Hussein, it is a pleasure to host you again at this USIP event. Over to you. Minister, I'm afraid you have to unmute. I forgot that. I'm sorry about that. Thank you very much, Michael, for having me here. And thank you, sir, for organizing this event. And thanks to USIP for each time when I'm here in Washington, DC, they are inviting me. And it is our fortunate now we can. We are obliged to organize this event in a different way. However, it is important to meet you and to meet many other friends. Everybody is welcome and I'm glad to communicate with you all. Perhaps the first question, which can be raised why we are here this time and why this delegation. In fact, the Prime Minister received an invitation to be in Washington and to meet President Trump. And this morning we were in the White House and we had a very good discussion. But we are also here because we started the second round of the dialogue, strategic dialogue between Baghdad and Washington. And there is a huge delegation from representative of all ministries from Iraq who participated in this dialogue. And the dialogue started yesterday. So what do we want to get? What is our target with this visit? Of course, it has to do with reforming, reshaping, restarting the relationship between the United States and Iraqi government. Why are we talking about restarting, reforming, reshaping the relationship? Because in fact, in the relation with the previous government under the leadership of Adil Adil Mahdi, the Prime Minister. And I was deputy prime minister in that government. There was, I mean, the relation between Washington and Baghdad suffered from some, let's say, problems. And there was ups and downs in this relation. And Adil Adil Mahdi has been invited or tried to be here four times, but it was unfortunate. He couldn't get the appointment. So, and it went worse actually. So we are here to repair this damage. Because for Iraq, the contacts and the link with Washington is important. It's important from economic point of view. It is important from a strategical point of view. And that's why we are talking in fact about a strategical dialogue. It is important from a security point of view. And it is important, as I said, from economic and financial point. But why Iraq is important at this stage for United States government? I think we have seen when Iraq was under attack and ISIS occupied one third of the territory of Iraq. And ISIS established the so-called Islamic State. ISIS was not a threat only for Iraq and for Syria and not for the region, not only. ISIS was in reality a threat for all of us, for Middle Eastern countries, for European countries, for international community. So leaving Iraq as such in a weak position is dangerous. And Iraq is also important for United States because United States has got a strategical interest in the region. And United States has got many friends, many friends in the gold countries. And Iraq is on the border with these countries. So when Iraq will be threatened, it will be also a threat to many friends of United States. Besides that, if we go back to the history, recent history, we fought together. United States Army and the Iraqi forces, the Iraqi military and Iraqi Peshmerga forces and security forces. All we fought together against ISIS and ISIS terrorists. And still, there are part of the organizations of ISIS active around Kirkuk and Ambar, around Mosul, but also Syria. So we fought together and our mutual interest is there. And so it is important for United States also to have this relationship with Iraq. I'm glad to say that yesterday the meeting was excellent and we reached with the American side good understanding. In fact, the discussion were about different topics, different subjects. So we dealt with the economic and investment issue. Oil and energy in general, oil and electricity was part of the discussion and we signed various memorandum of understanding in this field. But we discussed also education relationship and cultural relationship, as well as issues related to health and fighting corona disease. But part of the discussion had also to do with the security. How can we reshape, reform our relation on this field? I'm glad to say that we reached understanding yesterday and this morning also in the meeting in the White House. It was an excellent meeting and both sides, they agreed that it is important for both sides to continue this relations. And I think in the near future, we will see the results of this visit. In short, this is why we are here and what we have achieved since two, three days. And I think I would like to be at your service if there is any question or remarks, I would like to hear it from you. Thank you very much, Michael. Great. Thank you. Thank you, Minister Hussein. And thank you for joining us as well in the middle of what is a trying time with regard to the corona virus. We hope next time we can host you back at US Institute of Peace Building itself. Before we take some questions from the audience, I would like to ask you a few questions just to get the conversation rolling. So first, I wanted to focus on your meetings today at the White House. It's my understanding that this was the third time you have met President Trump since he has come to office. So it was not new for you. But I'm curious to know more about what you had hoped to get out of your meeting with President Trump today. And more about the results, if you can dig a little deeper in terms of outcomes and what does it mean for the overall US-Iraq relationship going forward? Yes, Michael. It is true that this is the third time that I had the chance to meet President Trump and to be part of the delegation and having discussion with him. What we have achieved today is President Trump, in fact, emphasized what we had achieved yesterday in the negotiation or dialogue between both sides. Because in fact, yesterday we touched upon various issues which has to do with the relation between both countries. As I mentioned, President Trump, as I mentioned previously, I said we discussed economic items, investment, oil issue, energy issue, electricity. How the American company can help us. And also we discussed security matters. Today President Trump emphasized about these things and we discussed these matters, of course, on a different level. The vice-prison was there and many other cabinet members were there. And he had different questions about the situation in Iraq, in the region, and the Prime Minister, my Prime Minister, was very happy with this meeting because we came here to have a clear relationship. As I said, there were some clouds recently in the last few months since last year and misunderstanding between both sides. So we were able to clear the way and to put it on the right path. And one of the issues which has been discussed in depth had to do with how are we going from now on, build our security relations and how are we going to fight ISIS. And also to train, which kind of training, how are we going to train the Iraqi forces. These were the questions which has been raised, as well as questions about the role of American companies in various fields in Iraq. And we are glad that there were various memorandum of understanding which has been signed with big American companies and we expect them to be back in Iraq again. So this was the achievements that we reached during our discussion this morning in the White House. And focusing on the strategic dialogue itself. To use your own words, you used an alliteration of objectives here that you wanted to restart, reform, reset and repair the relationships between Iraq and the United States. And the strategic dialogue seems like that has been part of that. Could you tell us how you see the strategic dialogue shaping up towards the future. And as it helps to achieve those various objectives, as you say. You see, when we are talking about strategic dialogue, that means a process. We build a process. We started a month ago. And now we put it in different framework. But this process will continue. And when we chose topics, that means on each subject, we are going to discuss. Now we discuss the main issues and the priority on this field. But the next meeting we are going to discuss other subjects related to the same topic. I think the important one was to make it clear for every body that the relationship with Washington is not only limited to security matters. It's wonder. And that's why we started, if you look to the communique, the statement, the joint statement, you see that we started from, let's say, other issues. So we started from economy, oil, gas, electricity, education, health. And these are the important points and these are important matters for Iraqi society. There is lack of service or difficulties in providing services. We have got problem with the electricity. We need oil companies, American oil companies to invest more to help us in this field and healthcare. We have got problem. So for the future to build, to invest in Iraqis themselves, we established this contact with the American universities. So there are various fields in which we'll push the relationship between Washington and Baghdad indeed to a strategical level because it will not be only limited to security. And I'm glad we agreed about all these points. So we are looking forward to implement what we have achieved now here in Washington. Thank you. And, you know, in your opening remarks and just now in your answer to these questions you talked about a number of challenges that the new Iraqi government faces, be it economic security or political reform. And you listed out some of these issues in more detail, but I'm wondering if you can provide us what you see as the top priorities for the new government in dealing with these issues. And then how do you see moving ahead in trying to address them. Michael, the most important matter for every society has to do with security. So security will not be guaranteed. And then it will be difficult to invite investors, it will be difficult to protect the life of the people, it will be difficult to protect the economic sector, it will be difficult to do something else. So security is one of the priorities and in fact Iraq was under threat since after 2003. In the first years, it went well, but at the short time, first sectarian fight and then Al Qaeda and then ISIS were created huge problem for Iraqi society. And security was very weak. And as a result, the various governments didn't have the chance to build or rebuild the country, to build or rebuild the economy, to build or rebuild the infrastructure. So without security, you cannot build other sectors. So the priorities are still there, which has to do with security. But the question is, is the security situation so bad comparing, for example, with three, four years ago when ISIS was controlling many areas in Iraq. The answer is no. I mean, comparing with the positive security is quite better. But we must be realistic. ISIS organizations, they are still here and there. Besides ISIS activities, we have got different threat in this society. Some of them has to do with tribal, some of them has to do with other groups. So all these things creates unstable situation. So the priority is still in the first place security. The second priority is to rebuild the economy. Rebuilding the economy and having security, it goes together without having good economic life. Of course, that will be, it makes it easier for terrorist groups to mobilize young people. So rebuilding the economy and creating more chances for young people to find jobs. This is the most important priority for this government. Great. And thank you for that. And another part and much related to security is Iraq's relations with its neighbors. And I know that Iraq has a delicate, delicate balancing act that it performs in maintaining good regional relations in a very fraught geopolitical landscape. I was wondering if you could talk more about what that means with regard to maintaining Iraqi independence and sovereignty as a priority, and then specifically related to a brand. I understand that you recently visited Iran with the Prime Minister. And I wonder if you can give us some insights about what where the outcomes from that visit, and particularly with regard to maintaining Iraqi sovereignty and also trade as well. Another problem that Iraq has related to its own security has to do with the neighboring countries. In fact, our policy is to have good relations with all neighboring countries of Iraq. And since we started this job, we talked about and started to talk about having balancing relations with all neighboring countries or create this balance. Why are we talking about balancing that because we want to make it clear first, we are not going to have relation with one neighbor to be against the other, or we are not going to prefer one neighbor and ignoring the other. We want to have equal to deal with them equally. But of course, on the basis of mutual interest with each of these neighboring countries. And we have got huge interest in both sides. We can create huge chances for the people of these countries together and to live in peace. But it is unfortunate that some neighboring countries are intervening in our internal affairs. And some of them they are attacking us by military means. And of course, this is not acceptable. We want to have a good relation, but we must respect each other and not intervening in the internal affairs of each other. As for the visit to Iran, it is true that I was part of the delegation of the prime minister. And the message was clear. We want to deal with Iran as a state. We are an independent state. And we asked them also to deal with us, to treat us as such. You see, the important thing at the end for the Iraqis is to establish the decision process. The process of making decisions must be established in Iraq. And to take the decision must be in the hand of the Iraqis. I'm talking about making decisions. I am not, I'm a realistic. Of course, there are some decisions which are interlinked with others. But Iraqis must decide about their future. Iraqis must decide about their security. Iraqis must decide about their government. They must decide about their policy, foreign policy or internal policy. This is an Iraqi matter. The neighboring country must understand that we are trying to make it clear for them that this is not acceptable. And this interference will continue by others, including some neighboring countries. Then there will be an unstable Iraq. An unstable Iraq. It will create huge problem, not only for the Iraqis, but also for the region. When ISIS control one third of the country, it was not only an Iraqi problem. It became a regional problem, but also an international problem. So we need to work together to help each other. And we need to have dialogue. As we started a strategical dialogue with the United States, we are ready to start a strategical dialogue with neighboring countries so that we can solve our problems together. But it will be on equal food. Iraqis and an independent continues just like others. And I understand as well that there were trade discussions during your visit to Tehran and that Iran had talked of a tremendous increase of expansion of trade with Iraq. Can you talk a little more about what that would look like and how you view that kind of expansion regarding Iraqi sovereignty? You see the trade relation between Iraq and Iran, but also between Turkey and Iraq. It's all in the interest of both countries. The balance of trade is in the interest of Iran and Turkey. Iran and they were exporting for $12 billion each year to Iraq, exporting agriculture products and their own products which has been produced inside Iraq. But four of these billions has to do with the fact that we are buying the Iraqis. We are buying gas and electricity from Iraq. We are buying about 1200 megawatt electricity from Iran and Iran are providing gas to three main power stations in Iraq. So that's about translating what they are selling to us into money. That's about $4 billion. So in total, the trade relationship between Iran and Iraq is about $12 billion. But because of the corona disease, the border for a while, I think for two, three months has been closed. And I think that has affected the trade relationship. And it's not comparable now with let's say with a year ago, but still we are importing electricity and gas from Iran. Thank you. So I'm going to now turn to some of the questions we're getting from the audience and I'll start with Turkey, which you actually have raised here already and and I wanted to ask you about the relationship between Iraq and Turkey in particular, especially in the recent military operations that Turkey has in northern Iraq, noting as well that two Iraqi military officers were recently killed by a Turkish drone. So I'm wondering, in light of how complicated the relationship is between Iraq and Turkey in terms of its security and economics, if you can kind of give us a sense of where you see this the relationship with Turkey going in the near term and areas specifically where you have agreements and disagreements with Turkey. Correct. It's in the first place. We are condemning these attacks, military attacks inside Iraq and condemning these attacks, Ikeling officers belonging to the Iraqi military forces. In the second place, we always ask for dialogue to to reach, let's say an understanding with Turkey, how to deal with the problems. I'm not denying that Turkey doesn't have a problem. I know PKK forces are still in Iraq and PKK forces in principle, they are against Turkish, they are fighting against Turkish army. But this is not new. As you know PKK has been established in 1979 and then they started the arms struggle in 1984. And I have the feeling that many people inside Iraq and inside Iraqi Kurdistan became the victim of this conflict. So our constitution, Iraqi constitution is not allowing any group, any foreign group to attack any neighboring country from Iraqi soil, we are committed to our constitution. On one side we are committed to our constitution and it is not allowed for these groups including PKK to attack Turkey from Iraqi soil. But on the other hand, we need to have normal relation with Turkey. Turkey is our neighbor and is a powerful neighbor and we want to have good relation. To solve the problem inside Iraq, this is not the solution and Turkish army is fighting PKK since as I said since 1984 and it has not been solved. We don't want to be victim of this fight. On the other hand, we are ready to open the dialogue with Turkey so that to manage this crisis. I'm not talking about solving the crisis because it is not in our hand to manage this crisis. Violence is not the only way. As I said, it is important to have dialogue. So we start the dialogue, strategic dialogue here in Washington, but we need also to have an open dialogue with both countries, especially with all neighboring countries, but especially with Turkey and in Iran. Early you talked a bit about the youth in Iraq and we actually have two questions from the audience regarding the youth and including from an Iraqi citizen who asked, how can, how can we be sure that the upcoming opportunities, especially in education and jobs will go to benefit Iraqi citizens, rather than the politicians and their relatives in Iraq. I think politicians and relative politicians are also Iraqi so they have also the right to live there to have jobs, but if there will be, let's say, if there will be justice then it's okay, but if the families and the politicians will be preferred then that's bad. But we have got real problems inside Iraq. You see, this country has been destroyed by wars, internal wars and external wars. Believe me, the problem that we have, part of it has to do with period after 2003, but part of it has to do with the period before 2003. You see, Iraq was in war with Iran for 80 years from 1980 until 1981, 88. And then Iraq invaded Kuwait and then an alliance of many countries attacked Iran in 1991 and then there was an uprising inside Iraq. I mean, all these things led to destroy the infrastructure. And when I'm talking about infrastructure, I'm not talking only about military infrastructure, education infrastructure, health infrastructure, economic infrastructure has been all destroyed. And then there was an embargo against Iraq from 1991 until 2003. This destroyed also the culture. The main problem inside Iraq, I think, not only destroying the economic and material infrastructure, but also the cultural infrastructure has been destroyed. The values has been destroyed because of all these wars and embargo. In fact, many Iraqis, they were happy that they will reach their freedom and there will be a democratic system after 2003. But after a short time, there were internal fight and then a guide and then external and then ISIS. This is, to be honest, since 1217-18, that there isn't any war in Iraq or Iraq in war with others. So for about half a century, for about half a century, Iraq was in a war, either with itself or with others. This led to a huge, huge problem. Everything has been destroyed. And after the change in 2003, expectation went high and Iraq is depending heavily on oil and income. No other sectors has been built. Other sectors has been destroyed. Agriculture sector has been destroyed completely. The tourism sector is not there. You can have tourism, religious tourism, but so has not been developed. And private sector has not been developed. So you have got only oil sector. So in Iraq, we are talking about market economy. But in fact, we have got only one sector to develop on, and that is oil. And oil is in the hands of the government. This is not so easy because of security. Once again, I'm coming back to security because of security situation to build a normal life. Now, we are starting to follow this path. We hope that this security situation inside Iraq will help us so that we can build the economy in a different way. We can rebuild the agriculture sector. When we will rebuild the agriculture sector, it will be easier to have chances for jobs. Otherwise, I see every day young people demonstration demonstration of young people, all they are asking the government to find for them job. The government job in fact is to create chances for job. Not to offer job because we cannot. We cannot all the time create all the time have everybody and as an employee of the government imagine in 2003 there were about 600,000 employees of Iraq. This is 2003. Do you know now we have got more than 4 million people as employees of the Iraqi government. Do you know we have got about 3 million or more retired people getting salaries from Iraqi government. In fact, huge amount of the income that we receive from oil. I am talking about oil income is going to send it. So it is not a healthy economy. We need security so that we can build a healthy economy and healthy economy can be both if we can rebuild agriculture sector, if we will deal with tourist sector in different way. And even if we deal with oil sector in different way. Oil must not stay in the hands of the government. Companies must play an important role. But for all these things, for all these issues, we need security. Until September last year, there were many oil companies including American companies. But in October and November and later on, many companies they left Iraq because of a secure situation. So when the security is not there, people are leaving. Not only the foreigners are leaving, even the rich Iraqis are leaving. Those who have got capital, they are not going to invest their capital inside Iraq. They are going to take it away. So this is a disaster for Iraq. We need, at the end, to create better security. And part of it has to do with the Iraqi government. But part of it, to be honest, has to do also with neighboring countries. They must help us to build our security. Otherwise, I don't know which kind of future Iraq would have. Thank you. So we've seen some questions related to security. So this is a good segue from your last remark. Particularly with regard to ISIS. And it's been said that ISIS fighters have been traveling across the border into Iraq from Syria. And the questions are related to how secure is that border. How do you do? Where do you see the potential for US Iraqi cooperation with regard to that? And also the question of whether or not Russia has been offering to help secure Iraq as well. We have, where is our need first to fight ISIS? I think we have got all the ground people to fight. So operational actions, we can do it. We can fight ISIS, but we need equipment. We need information. You see part of the fight against ISIS is not only to help fighters, but to have information about ISIS. We need air attacks. I think on these fields we can have support and help from the United States. We must take ISIS seriously. Because I remember in 2014, when ISIS terrorist group arrived in Mosul, they were a small group. But in a short time, they became a big, huge force and they controlled Mosul and later on they controlled other cities. So we must take this seriously. And I think on this field we need support and help from the United States. ISIS is still a threat in the area. Not only in Europe, but also in other countries. And have you received offers of assistance from other countries, including Russia? During the fight in 2014, there were some support, but not so intensive. The support which came from the alliance and the leadership of the United States and some neighboring countries. Thank you. We received a question with regarding the relationship between the federal government and the Kurdistan regional government. And the questions have to do with what are the outstanding issues between the two governments and how do you see that relationship developing and going forward? The relation between Kurdistan government and the federal government was very bad, especially in the last year of the government of Prime Minister Abadi. But it has been repaired during the first period of Prime Minister Adil Abdul Mahdi and I was a member of that cabinet. And on the basis of the budget, as minister of finance then, I was able to pay the share of KRG because that was their right. But in April, the Prime Minister then still Adil Abdul Mahdi decided to stop that and that created a huge problem between Baghdad and Erbil. Thanks God, part of it has been solved recently a week ago, but I think KRG and federal government needs different kinds of approach. What's why they need serious discussion? It is not only federal government. I have the feeling that there must be real good discussion between Kurdish political parties and Iraqi political parties. Because there is an atmosphere among some political parties inside Iraq against KRG and there is an atmosphere inside Iraqi Kurdistan by some political parties or some elements which is against any approach towards Baghdad. So we need different approach and I hope that first, inside Kurdistan, the Kurdish political parties agree among themselves, especially the two main political parties, KDP and PUK. And then they can establish a new approach and establishing ways of having serious dialogues with Iraqi political parties because at the end, the government of Iraq is depending heavily on the opinion of the political parties. So we need a change in their opinion and we are approaching election. I think many Iraqi political parties need also Kurdish political parties. So the chance is there to have a different discussion before the election and to have a clear common program about the future and how to solve the problems between KRG and Iraqi political parties. Great, thank you. You raised about the issue of elections and I'm curious to know more about that. I understand that the Prime Minister has called for early elections for June 6, 2021. I'm wondering what you need to prepare for early elections and if you see a role for the international community to help with elections. What we need internally is first to finish the last touch on the election law. So we need the parliament to do that and parliament must do it. Of course, the election commission has got also some shortages which has to do with the organization, but also financial shortages. This must be solved. And then to decide how we are going to prepare the ground for the election. So we need a decision from the parliament in the first place. As for international organizations, I think the last election, which has been all people of Iraq were not satisfied about some of them or majority of the Iraqis. In fact, they didn't vote. But that was not the problem. The problem was after the election, many political parties, they claimed that there was, let's say, people were playing with the results of the election. And having international organizations as observers, or helping the IHEC, the election commission in Iraq, I think that will help so that people will have trust in the election. We need a kind of building trust in the coming election, because if there will be trust in the coming election, people will accept the results. And when the results will be accepted, then people will have trust in the future government. And the relationship between the government and the people is important to run the country. If there will not be trust between people and the government, then you cannot do a lot. So we need to build trust. And I think the process of the election coming election with having foreigners, with having international NGOs and international observers there, but also international organizations which can help the Iraqis to prepare the grant so that it will be a fair election. That will help to have a new government and to create trust between the people and the future. Thank you. We have several questions, but I think we only may have time for one more. And so let me ask you this question, which has to do with Iraqi debt. I know Iraq is going through a tough time as many countries that depend on oil in light of the drop in oil prices. But this question is particularly about what is the, how do you view Iraq's debt, particularly to the World Bank to the United States. How do you see that impacting on Iraq's overall political and economic and social situations, and how does the government plan to handle this debt. Iraq is 23 billion dollars to foreign countries, foreign institutions. And internally, Iraqi government borrowed 41 trillion Dina, perhaps that's about, let's say, 35, 34 billion dollars. So this is the real, because some people they are talking about 120, 160 billion dollar, but that has to do with the numbers which has been used in Saddam. So this is the real. I think for Iraqi government in Iraqi economy. It can deal with this. But first we need different things. First, we need a different approach as for producing oil and dealing with our oil internally. We need international oil companies, perhaps in the future to take steps towards having part of the oil, either producing or exporting in the hands of private sector. So that we can introduce the concept of private sector to other sectors. Otherwise, if oil will stay in hands of the government, it will create always problems for us. And the economy will depend on oil and oil is in the hands of the government. We need to pay it back. It is a problem but it is not a huge problem to be honest, I think, if we will reorganize our economy, reorganize our financial system. And of course, I'm talking about reorganizing of all these, but we need to stop security, if we will have security we can manage this. And from this that has to do with World Bank and other financial institutions. But as I said, Iraq can manage this financially. The United States is playing an important role because Iraq, if the American are supplying Iraq with dollars, and we are receiving each period, a big amount of dollars so that's important for Iraqi financial system and supporting financial system. So we, it is very important, by the way, coming back to the strategic dialogue with the United States. So this is an important issue for us because dollars is coming from United States and supplying, it is United States who is supplying us with dollars, huge amount of dollars. So the issue is an issue but it is not a very huge one. Well, thank you, thank you. We actually have room for one more question and this one we just got with regarding armed groups in Iraq. And it talks about how there have been attacks on US how US forces and coalition troops from internal and external armed groups. And the question is, how can Iraq meaningfully deal with such violence and the armed groups that perpetuated. So this is an important question. And first, talking about armed groups, then we must define which groups are they. But anyhow, this government is determined to deal with these groups because either they must be part of the Iraqi forces and when they will be part of the Iraqi forces. They must be under law, but also under the command of the Prime Minister, because he's the commander of the Iraqi forces. If they will be outside the state, if they are functioning outside the state and that means they are against the state. And this is a huge problem. This is a big discussion in our society in within the political parties, but also in our contact with outside world. And I think there will not be place for these groups who are attacking diplomats attacking embassies or these are functioning outside the state. So with strengthening the state and strengthening the state I'm not talking only about the security are talking about many things. Then these groups will disappear. But we need first to strengthen the state some people inside Iraq, they are talking about the state and not state non-state. So there are some people functioning outside the state, but at the end, if we will have more stability better economic life these groups will disappear. Well, thank you. Thank you, Foreign Minister. Thank you for sharing your thoughts and your insights with us today and on the development of this strategic dialogue. We wish you the best with that and we want to thank you for your continued partnership with USIP and between USIP and the government of Iraq. We hope that you'll come back. And we'll agree to further sessions with USIP in the future, hopefully back in our building at that time. So with that, let me turn it over to Sahin Hamasayid, who will be moderating a discussion with Iraq's Minister of Migration and Displacement, Minister Jabru. So, Sahin. Thank you, Mike for moderating and thank you Minister Hussein for your thoughtful insights. Good afternoon. Good evening, depending on where you are. My name is Sahin Hamasayid. I'm director of Middle East programs here at USIP. I have the honor to moderate the segment of the program, which is going to begin by remarks by Minister Ivan Faiq Jabru in Arabic, which will be consecutively translated after my framing remarks. After the remarks, we'll move on to a Q&A session with the Minister, and we invite you to keep sending in your questions through the Q&A box under the live stream of the USIP, on the USIP website event page, and also the Facebook live stream. So, looking at Iraq, obviously the conflict with ISIS has resulted in displacing over 5 million Iraqis. The positive news is that with the Iraqi and international efforts about 4.7 million people have returned home or to their home provinces. The sad news is that many of these displaced people returned to destroyed homes and destroyed communities. Close to 1.4 million people remain displaced, including many from the religious and ethnic minorities. They continue to need urgent humanitarian assistance and other forms of support to ensure stable and peaceful recovery. More so during the prevailing COVID-19 health crisis, which has significantly complicated the risks faced by vulnerable and displaced families, including ethnic and religious minorities. And has further hindered their access to essential services and livelihood opportunities. We at USIP take pride in being part of the ongoing effort to help people go home. We do this through facilitated dialogue that aims to remove barriers to safe and voluntary return. And when people return that they are able to rebuild their social and economic lives within their own communities, as well as with communities around them. We know that more work lies ahead and these are very difficult to achieve. Especially when it comes to the so-called ISIS family members and those who are perceived to have affiliation with ISIS, which are in tens of thousands of people. To discuss these issues and how the Iraqi government is working to address, we are joined by Minister Ivan Fayeb Jebrou, Minister of Migration and Displacement at the Government of Iraq. Minister Jebrou was confirmed as Minister in the Academy government in June of this year. This was a welcome development given the strong women leader she is and the fact that recent cabinets were criticized for the lack of women ministers. As Minister, she is also the head of the High Council for Humanitarian Affairs in the Government of Iraq, which is an interagency body working on displacement issues and related matters. Minister Jebrou is no stranger to USIP. We have had the pleasure of working with her as a member of the Network of Iraqi Facilitators, but also in her capacity as advisor to the Alliance of Iraqi Minorities. She served as a Ninova government advisor for Minority Affairs, head of the Caledonian Association in Basra, member of Ninova's Consultative Women Council, and many more institutions. So as you can see, she comes to the ministry with a mix of government and civil society roles that exposed her to the issues of the people up close. Minister Jebrou, it is a pleasure to host you here at USIP. It was great to see you yesterday. I'm sorry that we have to do this virtually because of the coronavirus. Welcome and over to you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very, very much for everybody. So the plan for the ministry to support and relieve the IDPs and their returning families, the ministry has a full grasp of what's going on as it is the responsible ministry for supporting and relieving the IDPs. At the end of each year, a plan is being prepared and that plan is approved by the Comsec and it is to be followed on a weekly basis. Of course, the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it also delayed the catching of the returning allowances, which is 1.5 million Iraqi dinar for each returning family. Around 5,000 families have been included with this allowances and the rest of the families were not included due to the lack of liquid cash at the ministry. So the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it also delayed the catching of the returning allowances, which is 1.5 million Iraqi dinar for each returning family. So the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it also delayed the catching of the returning allowances, which is 1.5 million Iraqi dinar for each returning family. So the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it also delayed the catching of the returning allowances, which is 1.5 million Iraqi dinar for each returning family. So the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it also delayed the catching of the returning allowances, which is 1.5 million Iraqi dinar for each returning family. So the first plan since I assume this huge responsibility is to close all the camps. I had field visits to so many camps and these visits had the major purpose of these visits were to assure the IDPs that this government is different. This government is a government of doings, not sayings. So we listened to the IDPs when we visited them. I personally visited the unbar and we managed to close 20 camps. So in Karbala camp we had 80 families but only five or six of them wanted to return to Tullafar so we are still following up on that. So the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it also delayed the catching of the returning allowances. So the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it also delayed the catching of the returning allowances. So the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it also delayed the catching of the returning allowances. So the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it also delayed the catching of the returning allowances. So the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it delayed the catching of the returning allowances. So the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it delayed the catching of the returning allowances. So the delay in approving the 2020 budget delayed the execution of so many stabilization projects in the liberated areas and it delayed the catching of the returning allowances. Okay, in Baghdad we visited the camp of Maryam Al-Adra. We listened to the IDPs but only two wanted to come back. So we helped them to process their efforts to go back in Diyala. There have been two camps and these two camps had a lot of problems, around 500 families from a place called Khilania. So what we did is that we established a reconciliation committee in Diyala and Nineveh with the help of course of a political figure and the Diyala governor and we managed to solve their problems. As for Sinjar, maybe you are aware that the previous governments had no plans for Sinjar. So the Prime Minister's visit to Sinjar had a great effect but still we have to take into consideration that there is a lot of division among the Yazidis and there was no head of Sinjar was not there at the time of the visit and due to the fact that there were like two heads of Sinjar, all this delayed the reconstruction as well as the problems with the funds. In the past, Sinjar was one of the most important parts of the region and it was not resettled until the end of the year. That was the reason why we left the camp of Nineveh to open a library of collections. The work was done through the people in Sinjar who managed these collections in a good and efficient way. Most of the collections and most of the collections were collected in order to organize their collections to be resettled. In fact, the economic work is very important because it has a lot of benefits from the resources. The last part of the collections in the area, we asked them to organize a collection of collections and collections to be resettled in order to be resettled. We have a collection of collections from their city to be resettled in order to be resettled in order to be resettled. We will organize a collection of collections in all of the collections that we have collected and we asked them to organize a collection of collections. As for the reality, we have noticed a lot of return to the Israeli-Israeli situation, as it has been said for a long time. But there are some social problems between the groups that are divided in two, and we are also working on addressing the situation. And of course, the United States is on the line with the United Nations, and this is one of the most important organizations that have been involved in the ENAW effort, with regard to the resolution and the implementation of the plan. And the reality is that until now, we are in the United States, and the ENAW effort needs a lot of international organizations, with regard to the interests of the United Nations, with regard to social interests, and in particular, we are in the Kalkour station. Some of the new people are involved in our meetings, and they were involved in this project, and I think this is why we need to return to the other dimension, to their main and personal relations with the people, and to their friends in the same area. The reality of this, every time I tried in the last period, was that we had a lot of projects to do with it, the reality of the end of the social security system, with the Ministry of Education, we chose to create three groups in the last two years to return to work, as well as the infrastructure, the road, the hospitals, and so on. To be honest, we are the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and I have a lot of financial problems. But, to be honest, in the previous meeting, the meeting was held for almost two years, the meeting was held for two and a half years, and it was held for 65 years. The meeting was held for almost all of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and it was held for 445 billion. And the meeting was held for the Ministry of Health and Welfare, which was held for nearly two years, and it was held for 100.35 billion. The meeting was held for almost two years, and all the issues that were raised in the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and I can see that the meeting was held for 100 billion to the Ministry of Health and Welfare, which was 125 billion to the Ministry of Health and Welfare, which was 30 billion to the Ministry of Health and Welfare. And it was held for 25 billion. We were able to separate it from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and it was decided to hold the meeting. But unfortunately, there was a huge delay in the meeting, So, for Sinjar, so many houses were destroyed, so we asked the government the regional government in Nineveh to establish an office for compensation in Sinjar. This aimed at expediting the reimbursement process where families with destroyed houses can apply for compensation. And since also Sinjar is an agricultural area, you can also imagine that there was a lot of damage. We also went to the village of Kojo. We listened to the inhabitants of that village who are living now in the camps in Dahuk. So, they asked our ministry to provide caravans in their village so that they can return to their land as they are staying now in Dahuk. So, they asked for caravans to set up in their village and we will provide that very soon. As for Nineveh Plain, 70% of the IDPs came back. So many NGOs are active in Nineveh Plain and they have a great and appreciated role. In Kokuk, we have some camps that has a certain problem, which is the ISIS-affiliated families. We are working on that but that takes time. That's all that happened and we will continue to work through the development fund to establish and build roads and hospitals. But still, the fact that there is a problem with liquidity as you may not know that around 445 billion Iraqi dinar from the budget of the Ministry of Immigration were reallocated to the liberated governor rates. So, we think we expect that there will be more rehabilitation for Nineveh. Nineveh got 135 billion Iraqi dinar and Sinjar, of course, is part of Nineveh. We also had 100 for Salahuddin, 100 for Ambar, 135 for Diyala, and 25 for Kokuk. Yet, there was the problem that some of the governors failed to implement that except for one government. Now, one of the most important programs for the governor and the governor of the region, or in the old part, is the rehabilitation. They have been used by the old people to give them the basic income, to provide them with medical and health services for the first year since their return. In addition, they were provided with 1.5 million to support their use, as well as to implement small projects for the intervention, according to the requirements and according to the beneficiaries. And for the equity, it goes to the women, or the men, or the women, who have nothing to do with it. As well as making sure that there are a lot of programs, in which the state, in terms of the number of residents, or the financial sector, will be affected by the financial crisis and the need for other resources, until there are a lot of resources. There are a lot of challenges that need to be overcome. I think that today, the financial sector will be affected by the financial crisis, due to the fact that there are a lot of problems in the general picture, and so there will be a special picture. But the reality is that we are faced with a lot of problems, which are due to the financial crisis. Therefore, today, I think that the financial sector will have the goal to hear the voice of the volunteers and the volunteer volunteers. As well as, in order to work on the same project, and it is a separate community dedicated to this issue. So, we can face the most problems that are happening in the thousands. We are facing one issue, and therefore, the financial sector will be affected by the financial crisis. The most important programs of the Ministry of Immigration and Displacement is targeting these IDPs with food baskets for the first year, as well as the one million and a half Iraqi dinner, which is an allowance to encourage them to come back. Also, we have opening small projects. Most of these micro projects were for women in general and for widows and for handicapped women. We also have some coordination with some international organizations to rehabilitate the housing units or even finding rented units for the IDPs. Yet there is the fact that we are still facing so many challenges. The biggest one of which is the budget. But rest assured that we will work with all our capacity to close the camps and to participate and to encourage the voluntary return of the IDPs. And we can also work with the humanitarian organizations to help guide them so that they can be enabled to look with one eye on all the projects that need to be made. Thank you so much, Minister. Obviously, you have been very, very active in a short amount of time since you assumed your position. And it is good to see all these activities and all your support. And I know you have been going to the field to the different provinces and to the different camps. So thank you for sharing that. One question that is on the mind of many people when it comes to displaced people is that how does the coronavirus pose a risk particularly to people in displaced camps? So can you tell us what is the situation of those camps and those displaced people as it relates to the coronavirus and what steps your government has taken to protect the displaced populations? Thank you, Minister. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. As a Ministry of Immigration, we had an agreement and coordination with the Ministry of Health to sanitize all the camps periodically. And a lot of coordination was done on that. We also had coordination with the Ministry of Defense. We also had, for the same purpose, we also had youth teams who are volunteers to circulate masks and sanitizers among the inhabitants of the camps. For the cases, there was one case in Nineveh and 14 cases in Dahuk. But these people had been quarantined and all the people who were close to them were quarantined and the situation now is under control. Great. Well, that's welcome news. It's unfortunate that there were some cases but it's welcome news that you have this situation under control because I know Iraq as a country is struggling with the spread of the coronavirus in many places. So my other question to you, Minister, is if I take a step back and get to where we started with Dr. Fuat Hussein earlier. You are here in Washington. You have participated in the dialogues and you attended the meeting with President Trump today. What do you hope as Minister to get from the dialogue here and from these meetings in Washington? What can you share with us? I was so happy today and with the results of the visit and the dialogue and we are waiting for more positive results that will help sustain the relationship between the two countries in a better way. Can you please share with us in more specific ways in your meetings with different U.S. government institutions, what is the help that you as a minister and a minister of migration and displacement you need from the United States to help you with? What are the questions that you need as a minister of migration and displacement in the United States? Thank you. We need support from USAID. We need support from other human organizations. And to process their work as a participative through an action plan between the central government and the regional government and the human organizations. All that should be able to process their work and to expedite the logistic details. We also hope that after establishing these steps that any human organization would deal directly with the ministry of immigration so that we can expedite the process of them implementing the job. Thank you. I'm working with the help that Iraq needs from the international community. And if we can speak openly and transparently, I know some of the issues that had occurred before you became minister, you cannot speak for those and for the previous governments. But when I meet in my meetings with the Iraqi officials, there is always a complaint or blame that the international community is not helping Iraq enough or not cooperating enough or not coordinating enough. But when I also meet with international organizations that try to help Iraq, they say the same thing, that the Iraqi government is not cooperating with them, is not coordinating, they do not share strategies. So how can you, as minister, start recently, help overcome this challenge and therefore it to be better coordination and cooperation with international organizations trying to help the displaced people to go home? I'm sure. There are previous problems before you became minister. When we ask the Iraqis about the role of the international government, they say that the international government is not cooperating enough. But when we ask those organizations, they say the same thing and that there is a fault in organizing and providing support for the worst consequences. How can you, as minister, overcome these consequences? I spoke with the previous governments about the current situation, about the worst consequences. Of course, the international organizations that were involved as well are not cooperating enough. For this reason, in fact, we are trying to ensure that the organizations and the financial institutions are cooperating with the international organizations to support the services of the international organizations that we are cooperating with. This is what we are cooperating with. I want to share with the government that cooperates and cooperates with the international organizations. I would like to take a picture. The international organizations that we cooperated with were very positive, and the most positive for your organizations were cooperating with the international organizations. This is why we have all the difficulties facing the international organizations. It is also very easy for us to work with them from one organization to another. We also joined them with that base as well as with other organizations that cooperated with the international organizations. So I am very positive. I had a short time in the middle of the month in which I sat with my father and in the year 2000, I sat with my father and in the year 2000, I sat with my father and in the year 2000, I sat with my father and in the year 2000, and we have very big challenges. We have many challenges. I think that the positive for your organizations I agree that the previous government work in this regard was kind of random, but now this ministry has an action plan. We met so many institutions and organizations and all that was to reach a one action plan. The simplest example of this effort is the cooperation with the IOIOM. We helped them overcome all the difficulties that they faced in working and in transitioning from one place to another inside Iraq. We also gave them a database and all this resulted in a good IDDP return from the camps. All that happened because of that one action plan that we came up with and we hope that everybody would cooperate with us on this basis and we promise that we will not interfere in the work policies and the financial policies of this organization or that. Thank you. Thank you very much. So in terms of if we move to in your remarks and through the conversation you directly and indirectly provided a list of challenges that you face and that the IDPs face in returning there are security challenges, there are process challenges, there are physical destruction challenges, there are challenges related to the community and to the politics and one difficult group that people always talk about is the people who are accused of or are members of the ISIS of the so-called ISIS families and Al-Hol camp in Syria is one of the biggest symbols of this challenge where there are more than 30,000 Iraqis. So can we I would like to focus this segment of our discussion about from your perspective what is the Iraqi government doing to bring the Iraqis in Al-Hol camp back to Iraq and I have another question from the audience as well which is about the camp in Zuma that if you are bringing these people back to Iraq and you take them to Ninoa close to the minorities that they have suffered at the hand of ISIS how will this be perceived by the victims? What do you think about the camp in Al-Hol, in the case of the security forces in the Ministry of Interior and the Security Council and the use of information, in a state of poverty and the number of people in Al-Hol's camp has increased by 30,000 in the in the country. And then they were sent back to Al-Alam. Of course, they were sent back to their homes. So they were sent back to their homes. And so they were sent back to their homes. The fact that we are sent back to their homes is that they were sent back to Al-Jal'a camp in Giyala. More suitable than the camp in Al-Alam. I think that the camp in Al-Alam's camp was built in Al-Naynawa, in Izumar. It is believed that the way this camp was built was very expensive. The cost of the camp was approximately 5 billion. And the former minister was not satisfied with the construction of the camp. But according to the former president's directions and the construction of the camp, the construction of the camp was not a problem. It was a benefit for the community. And we were able to choose this camp. But it was not a big profit for the ZDEs. It was also a huge amount of money. It was also a huge amount of money for the Kurds. It was also a huge amount of money for the Naynawan. It was also a huge amount of money for the Naynawan. And for this reason, the ZDEs were officially signed to the current president's office. And it was finally signed and it was given to the ZDEs. It was used by the ZDEs. As for the fantalab, Amr and Tafel Raqabin from Al-Alam, I am sure that the ZDEs were closed before the winter. As for Qaym al-Houl. Of course, this is a job for the Ministry of Interior interior and the national intelligence to tackle and to make security clearance for all these people. In case of finishing the security clearance, the Ministry of Immigration is very much willing to help them in that. Yet the Ministry of Immigration does not agree on relocating them to Zumaar camp. The Ministry of Immigration would prefer to relocate them to Al-Jara in Kiara town in Nineveh, not in Zumaar because the way in which the Zumaar camp was made was wrong from the beginning, even the previous Minister was not satisfied with this. Plus the process of relocating them to Zumaar had been rejected by the Yazidis and by the Cuds and by some parties in Nineveh. So we would prefer to relocate them to Al-Jara camp, as I said, in Kiara, in Kiara town, Southern Mosul. And this process can be done through the help of the Ministry of Defense. For the 8,000 people who are willing to come back, most of them are women and our children, the Ministry is very much willing to supervise their return and to reintegrate them in society again, of course, after finishing their, after they get their security clearance. Thank you very much. So if I take that conversation a little bit further, you touched now on your answer and in other areas about the resistance from the community that obviously if you want to return people, it's not only the institutions of the state, the security institutions that they have concerns, but the community also is rejecting or not accepting return either to IDP camps or to their communities. Can you speak more about how this problem could be overcome? What is the strategy of your ministry to deal with that barrier of return when it comes to, when the community is not accepting? And I also have a question from the audience and speaks to another aspect, obviously one aspect of the concern of the community and the people is their ideology. How do you as government think about the problem of ideology of these people and for them not to be involved in violence again? For those who have been involved actually. In the case of Atheraton, there will be programs to tackle this matter, the ideology and you know, these people have, especially the children have stayed for five or six years in the camp. So there will be programs to help tackle and mitigate the effects of this. Well, thank you. I particularly appreciated your comments yesterday when we discussed this matter about how you view, you personally view that it is better to enable these people to return home because when they are integrated into the broader community, that is the better and the best way for them not to be attracted to those kind of ideologies. And that will be the best this engagement strategy for them to integrate with the broader community and have the positive community effect on them. When we have a few minutes left and I have a couple of more questions that I would like to get to from the audience, one of them is basically to what is the status of IDP returns to Christian communities in Ninoa in general and with respect to the community of Batnay in particular. I know you mentioned earlier that about, you think that about 70 percent have returned of the Christians to those areas, but I know Batnay is a particular problem that comes up again if you can speak to that. And the broader question that I also have related to this is that how will the government of Iraq support returns for the historic homelands of Christians, ZDs and other minorities victimized by ISIS? Today, the return of the Christians to the Ninoa region is difficult, considering that today only 22 families have returned to the Ninoa region. However, the return is easier and 70 percent have returned to the Ninoa region, and the return is easier. As I said, the return of the Christians to Batnay has 100% returned to the Ninoa region. After that, the return of the Christians to the Ninoa region has 100% returned to the Ninoa region. If it were part or the whole, it would have been a relief if the return of the Christians to the Ninoa region would have been a relief. in the region and in the last few years, there has been a great return to the region, but the coronavirus has come and the return has fallen, but with this, I have visited the region of the region, I have visited the region of the region, I have visited the region of the region, many of the youth and the people are currently in the region, building a center for youth and youth activities, I have participated with many of the youth representatives in the region. I noticed that in the last few years, after the coronavirus has come, I have been working on it, and I have opened the doors of the new university, which is much more than I have ever been. As for the TKF, the big event that is in TKF is the registration of the participants, honestly, I am talking to the Prime Minister, also with the Prime Minister, because he is the president of the participants, and he promised me, the Prime Minister, that he would hold, as the first stage, a thousand meetings, gradually, until the meetings and meetings are held, and he will be invited to attend the youth and the activities, and until this event is held, I will take pictures of the Christians, it is very difficult, so we will consider all of the meetings, and if we look at the meetings that are in TKF, there are four courts, such as the one of the first and second generations, the one of the first and second generations, and this was also the case. Also, the change in the demographic of the region, and we see a lot of differences from the one in the region, this was very difficult for the Christians to get back to TKF. In fact, from the beginning, from the beginning, it was very difficult, but hopefully, a lot of people will be invited to attend the events. For the Nineveh Plain, the return of the Christians to Nineveh is kind of difficult. So far, 20 to 30 families return to the center of Nineveh. For Hamdania and TKF, for Hamdania and TKF, and for Batnaya, around 100 families had returned, their houses had been reconstructed. I personally met with Patriarch Aram, and we talked about some issues and the difficulties Of course, the effect of COVID-19 had impacted that. When I visited Batnaya, I noticed that so many families have returned, a sports center was built, and we hope that after the wind of COVID-19 abates, more families would come. For TKF, the major problems are the, there is a temporary jail. The Ministry of Interior promised me that he will gradually eliminate the number of prisoners until it is empty and that building would be returned to the Ministry of Youth and Sports. There are also four courts that kind of handicap the return of the Christians. One more thing is the demographic change in TKF, and so many families from Western Mosul had emigrated due to the military operations to TKF. Before that, the return is difficult, but we hope that we will overcome these difficulties. Minister Jebrew, thank you so much. We have come to the end of our time. I really appreciate the time that you spend the very straightforward answers and all the work that you do. I wish you the best of luck in the remaining meetings here in Washington. I want to reiterate what our Vice President, Mike Yafi, said at the beginning that the U.S. instead of peace will continue to support the Iraqi government and your ministry with a difficult task at hand of allowing and enabling those many people who are still displaced to go home. As you know, on August 14th with support from USIP, there has been an agreement with the Sunni Turkomans to return home, and we look forward to working with your ministry on the follow-up steps related to that. Thank you so much to you. Thank you so much to Minister Hussain and thank you to our audience who have stayed with us and those who will be watching in the future. Thank you so much. Thank you, Saeeda. I would like to thank the USIP support for the Iraqi government and also for the support of the Ministers and especially the Sunni Turkomans and I wish you the best of luck in the coming days with your new work. Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you.