 The bridges, motorways, tunnels and dams and the buildings that make up our infrastructure are vital to our society and economic growth, yet we take them for granted. The shocking truth is that our infrastructure is crumbling beneath our feet and this is costing us dearly, both in terms of money and carbon. Now most of our infrastructure is actually made out of remarkable construction material, concrete fertilising. The material deteriorates and for decades we have been necesAR quite it's upkeep. It is now reaching a state of crisis. It will require a huge amount of money to upgrade. We use so much concrete, around three tons for every person on the planet per year. It is the second most used substance upon earth after water. It consumes huge quantities natural resources, a byddwch yn y cyfnod cyffredinol yw yw'r 8% o'r holl o'r cyffredinol fewn CO2. Y Llywodraeth ym Mhwyslach yn ym Mhwyslach o'r cyffredinol, gallu'n gwneud y cwestiynau. Fyddech chi'n cael ei wneud o'r stwyffau cyfrifiadau i'r gweithio? Yn ymwysliad, mae'n cyd-dweithio o'r cyffredinol, mae'n cyfrifiadau yn hynny, ac mae'r cyfrifiadau i'r cyfrifiadau a gweithio. Fy fyddi'r cyfrifiadau arweithiau, y cwestiynau cyfrifiadau o'r holl o'r cyffredinol. Felly, rydyn ni'n gwybod ym ym Mhwyslach yn cyfrifiadau i'r cyfrifiadau? Rydyn ni'n gwybod i ddefnyddio ddechrau, cyfrifiadau sy'n ddechrau, ac cyfrifiadau, cyfrifiadau asfaltol, ac mae'n gwneud i'r rhwng. Ond, gwneud ym mwylo cyhoedd yn fawr cymplecthol. Fydd yw'r cymdeithasol cymdeithasol ac mae'r gweithio'r cymdeithasol ac mae'r gweithio ydym ni'n gwneud yn gweithio'r unrhyw iawn. Yn gwybod sgwrnau yng Nghaerhau'r Gweithfeydd, Maen nhw'n bwysig mewn gwahau ychydig yn ystod y maen nhw'n ddim yn yma'r cyd-dweithio. Rwy'r cyflawni a'r dymian, maen nhw'n ddim yn Cambridge yw'r cyfeidio'r gyflawni a'r cyflawni a'r cyflawni ar gyfer cyflawni ac yn ddim yn cyflawni'r cyffreit. Rwy'n credu ddwynt yn cyffrawni ar gyfer cyflawni a'r cyffrawni yn gallu gyflawni. Mae'r cyflawni yn cwcant o'r cyffrawni yn cyflawni'r cyffrawni, ychydig yw'r cychwyn. Yn ystod o'r fformatio'r llwyffod ddechrau, y proses fel ysgau ei ddau yn cael eu cyfnod gyda'r ffordd maen nhw, ac yn llefynu'r fungsyl. A wefyn yn cael ei ddweud o'r fungsyl yw'r cwmpawn. Mae'r llefynu'r bacteiriol o'r cyfnod sy'n cyfrifio'r cyffredinol, sy'n cyfrifio'r cwmpawn, yn ymdogfyn a'r cyfrifio'r cyfrifio'r cyfrifio. For large-scale damage, we are employing shape-memory polymers, the same materials used in medical sutures or shrinkwrap. These are plastic rods placed strategically within the concrete, and they shrink when large cracks form thereby closing them. And the capsules can actually finish the sealing process. Now damage is sometimes recurrent, and like our circulatory blood system, we are developing flow networks using small interconnected tubes. Through these, we can continuously circulate a healing agent within the concrete so that it's available when it's needed again and again. So we have made significant advances on the performance of the individual self-healing components and now collectively working on the more challenging integrated configurations. There is also the challenge of longevity and resilience, as well as of course minimising any additional cost, capital cost to the concrete. Together with our industrial partners, we have conducted full-scale field trials through which we're demonstrating some of the developed self-healing systems, and we are monitoring those in the real world. We are testing both concrete repair applications as well as new concrete construction. We are also impacting on other sectors where concrete and other similar materials like grouts and mortars play a key role. Our focus is on extreme and inaccessible environments, for example underground nuclear repositories or in oil and cementing applications where safety is paramount. Self-healing concrete can deliver a low-carbon infrastructure by potentially eliminating inspection, repair, maintenance and replacement and building the future with a much lower whole life cost. We can transform our landscapes and our everyday lives. We are confident we can produce self-healing concrete, but it's going to take a lot more than that to make it into a commercial reality. We are also exploring self-sensing, self-reporting and self-immunity in concrete. So my question to you is, how can we all work together to transform this remarkable construction material all around us into a far more remarkable living system? Thank you.