 Chyton oligosaccharide, COS, is a promising carrier for drug delivery due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoedicivity. Chemical modification of COS can enhance its stability, targeted delivery, and controlled release. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the grafting of COS for diverse applications, including drug delivery of small molecules, proteins, and RNA interference therapeutics. Grapted COS can also improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, while addressing challenges and limitations associated with its use. This article was authored by Poppet Mojite, Sonny Arsha, Sudarshan Singh, and others.