 This five minutes ago, so I'm here to talk about Laura, which is an LP on low-powered, wide-area network. And basically my experiences with that. What is Laura? So basically, it's developed by Geyser Sentech, which is a company which came up with this technology. And it stands for Long-Range Radio. Never tried to Google Laura and Google Images, but basically, yeah, that's what it's called. Typically, it's sub-gigglehands, so it's below one gigglehands, and that's the reason for that. And the idea here is you can handle wireless nodes across very wide range, wide distances. So typically, one gateway, or what we call a constant vector, can support thousands of nodes. And the typical range, it's amazing, a node point-to-point can reach, like, two or five kilometers on either site up to 50 kilometers. And that was something tested quite recently, yeah? It's bi-directional, so you can upload and download data. And the thing is, I'm sure you've heard of Laura WEN as well. And it's important to know that Laura and Laura WEN are actually not the same thing, yeah? So the hardware. So the RF modules only come from this company called 7X. So they are the only makers of this. And generally, it comes in two versions. One is SX1201, which is basically a baseband processor, really expensive, and something else called SX127X. And these are really cheap. This you can get from Taobao, I don't know, the breakout cost can cost $5, but to get access to SX1201, no doubt about it. It costs thousands of dollars, or you need to get special wishes from some time, or some more like this. The gateway of constant vector is typically expensive. It would generally put outside of the maker, the niche. But there are ways for you to bring down the price much lower. And that's something I will tell you about later. So basically, Laura modulation is utilising as a chip spread spectrum. It utilises the entire allocated bandwidth to do stuff. And the idea here is it can reach really far distances. And that's what Laura modulation basically does. What we have here is that Laura itself is basically up to the physical layer. So I think this should be quite familiar to most of you guys. So there's the RF layer, the physical layer, the Mac layer, application layer. But Laura pretty much terminates at the physical layer. And then we have Laura Wendt. So basically, Laura Wendt is the implementation above that. Yeah? But it does also is the Laura Wendt. Even though Laura you can do point to point, but for Laura you can do point to point but Laura Wendt, the spec requires you to spread out across different channels. The interesting thing about Laura Wendt I find versus things like sync box is that there is more, I would say, there is more control on the node side. So I mean, if you think about Wi-Fi, you have a Wi-Fi router and then if you deploy a Wi-Fi device that you just connect with. But for Laura, you can actually decide this node is nearer to the gateway or it's further. You can actually tweak to make it perform differently. And this will equal the spread factor. And these are what we're saying. You can do the trade-offs between range and message duration and this is quite nice to do. And here, because of the fact that it's on multiple channels, you can create this kind of virtual channels to say, OK, this channel I want to dedicate for higher bandwidth. The rest is for general purpose use. It has some encryption here. So it uses ESCCM, how do you name it, and it uses some IDs or hash keys on the node itself. Important for Laura Wendt is also the fact that you have three classes of devices. So like I mentioned, you have more control about what a node is. This also involves defining what a node's class is. So the very lowest version of this class is Class 8. So these are the devices. You have one uplink slot and two download slots. So and what this means is you can upload as, oh, no, sorry. Generally, class 8 devices, when you upload, is when you download. So if you need to get downloads, it's pretty much when you upload. So if you never ever contact the gateway, you'll never get a download. And then class B is where you have upload slots, but you have a dedicated window for downloads. So it could be every 10 uploads, you have a window for this download. And class C is the most power-angry one. It is always upload and download all the time. And frequency is also pretty interesting. For more, it really depends on country to country. So like I said, it's a spectrum of it. Unlike most radio technologies, where you actually say we 2.4, here you have the spectrum. So for Europe, it's 6.7 to 8.6.9. You have 10 channels. And one of these channels, I think, is specifically for 50 kHz FSK. But not a parameter. It does not have this. But then it's just 9.2 to 9.28. And for Singapore, I'm not sure. It's still not defined yet. Anything 6.6 to 9.6? For Singapore? I have used both 3.3 megahertz. For Singapore? Yeah. It's same. Yeah, it's same as Trump's. How do I 6.6 to 9.6? OK. OK. OK, so it's not like Europe. So it's still some variation, say. Because it's actually surprising to the world if it was going to be 8.3 to 9. Ah, that's interesting. OK. Because I was in Berlin for the past few months. Before I left, they were still discussing about it. But now they have pretty much defined it, right? It's been in the case of the five or six years. Oh, no, no, specifically for Laura. Because when I was talking to the things that were, guys, they were still figuring it out. They were just playing. Oh, it's all right. I'm just trying to be clear. You're talking about used by civil rights. That's a difference in the past two months. Oh, right, right. No, no, no. Yeah, so apparently, sorry for the deviation here. But apparently, 8.6 to 8, I was told, for long range in Singapore, there were some issues. Something to the effect. That's why during communication, there was some discussion where they need to rectify this somehow. I do not know what's the result of this replication where the authorities, but somehow. I think it was the evolving civil rights. Because the recommended use is specifically. So I think it was specifically. For ISN. Yeah. But why don't you become a social partner? You were on a business selling communication services. Right. Then you have to have a social partner. That's what I think it was. Well, it would be interesting what the things that was Kickstarter project. What they will deliver to us in Singapore, yeah? But it's a trade-off space for a social partner to run a business making money, running communication services. And hobbyists and non-profit creating commercial use are biased and banned for us in Singapore. So these are two legal dispensations for the use of the same technology. OK. And does it impact on the Laura? You and I are just different for a social partner. Right. OK. Well, that's interesting. What we think later. Concentrators. So there's a bunch of concentrators here. Kerling is the king, I guess. They have really expensive, something like 3K to 50K. But if you look from the scale of a city, there's pennies actually. Multi-pack. So there's Cisco Gateway, which I think they're starting to sell. I saw this, it's just over in Berlin. They have something like this at a lower price. But the most affordable one is the things that Gateway, which is 200 euros. So I'm a backer of this. I'll be pretty much interested to see what kind of frequency they can support. I'm hoping they support a European one. So is it a Muslim Germany? What's the difference? Architecturally, that's how Laura works. If you can see, there is the end nodes. And then there's the concentrators. But that is where, actually, that's where Laura went kind of stops. So from the node to the concentrator to the network server, there's kind of standardization. But to the backhaul, so you can see from the 3G backhaul, it could be anyone's game. So for things that work, for example, they use MQTT to pass on this machine across. There's another company we work with, Lorient, which is the key forwarding. So there's no standardization in this area. But at least from the node national to the Gateway, it's pretty well defined. So things that work. This is an interesting initiative. So it started out by David Geisman from Netherlands. And it's about coming up with a crop-sourced Laura network. The interesting thing about setting up a Laura network is, for most countries, I don't know what's in the port. So you do not need the authorities commissioning. It's completely open source. So the entire stack is available in GitHub for you to fork it if you like and set up your own things that work. And they have a Kickstarter project. So generally, they are offering the Gateway and the node itself. How they started out was in Amsterdam, where they have these different use cases, where they found that boats after a while sink because of flooding. So what they did was they managed to convince a lot of guys to put up Gateways there. And right now, I think there's like 50 Gateways in the city alone. And they did it completely without developments involved. Yeah, I'll skip this. So I think a lot of these people know as the node's Gateways, Routers, Routers, Englers, and Application. These are the terminologies we learned. This is quite specific to things that work. So I don't want to go too far into this. But what things that work do offer is different kind of deployment models, I would say. So the first one is the public commitment network. So if you were to get a Gateway, a Lora Gateway, and configure it with a things network, it's pretty much public, which means you can host it there. Anyone who passes by and fires off a Lora signal to things that work, it goes through you and goes into the network. You can also fork the entire source code and set up your own private network. So I know a good use case would be I'm a farmer. I'm quite a big area of land. I can fork it, just plug down my Gateway, and I have a private network. And the second one is that's the last one, which is completely your own one. That's an interesting one where you can kind of mix this. So you have a private network, but you still use the things that work, the network to kind of, if there's a packet meant for you, it goes to you. Otherwise, you run it on elsewhere. Same thing for your Gateways. If there is a packet meant for you, you consume it. Otherwise, you can run it back to the public network. There's also a concept of values policy. Of course, you don't want people to abuse this. So they have a golden rule, which is 30 seconds of bad time per day. So for 10 bytes of payload, it translates to 20 messages per day at spread factor 12, which is the fastest one, or 500 messages per day, which is smaller, but slower. And typically, the default is spread factor seven. Yeah, so if application requires more bandwidth, you have to think of not something else unenthusiastic. Typically, this is the structure for creating app and devices. You create a user first, the old user on the text network. You create an application. An application consists of this EUI, which is like an ID, and the access keys. And for an application, given an application, you create devices. And the device consists of the address, SCN up and down would be the count, wake up and down, wake up and down, the network key and the application security key. These are the commands. I really want to show you the demo, but I do not have the time. Actually, I think there's some configuration changes at the time to look at, but this is typically the commands we use for the things that a command like to. You can create a user, create a login, create an application from Hello World. And in this case, you're saying, use this application and register a device to this application. And finally, like I said, it's MQTT. So running that command is, you're creating an MQTT subscription to the broker, and you can get subscriptions. This is Europe right now. So things that work is that there's quite a lot everywhere. And I think when they start delivering in a router, I think end of the month or so more please, it's gonna explode, but yeah, that's it. A few interesting things about this diagram. When I was in Berlin, I was looking at the Berlin community, there was no community, you know, okay, sad. And then I set up a gateway, yeah. And then the next day, I thought, oh, let me create one too. When I refreshed, oh no, somebody created a gateway. And the message there was, we have our first gateway. Oh, let me see who that is. And then I was like, wow, okay, that's Alan's name. That's so cool. I screwed up, hey, 155, wait, wait a minute. That's my gateway. So that's the funny thing about things that work. You sometimes it can be quite lonely island, you know, for some cities. On the other hand, if you look at this guy over here, this is Zurich. When I was there, two weeks ago, I mean four weeks ago, sorry. I brought low ride, no to war drive, and it was tons of aways, so there was no shortage of that. Zurich and Amsterdam. So, you know, it's not so equal right now, you know. Over here, this small thing here, it's interestingly over there, I would say, they did successfully arrange 50 kilometers from Zurich all the way to Berlin. And I have no idea what they used, but they managed to do this 50 kilometers. That's amazing, yeah. I'm guessing there's probably one some of the newer curling gateways or something with very powerful antennas, I don't know. So, for things that work, it's a big spec, you know, you have to understand where you are. So, I would like to compare you with the other players right now. So there is Wayless, which I do not know much about you, I love you guys, you know, Sickbox, there's Lora and MDIOT, among others. Which is the best? I don't think that's the best. Even though it's Zurich articles, everyone's trying to say they're the best. I think there's a pro and con in each of this. So, for example, Sickbox is run by a single player. Good thing about Sickbox is it's coherent. No matter where you went in the world, you used the Sickbox network, the end, the data coming in is the same, right? For Lora, like I told you, after the backhaul, it could be anyone's game, it could be MQTT, it could be whatever, right? The con in my case for Sickbox is it's run by one player. They are heavily funded, it's good, but it's a single player. All data goes through that network. If this company goes down, but the good thing is it's coherent. Lora is much more open, but you know, after the backhaul, like I said, it's much more dicey. But the good thing about Lora is, like I said, you can just come out of the gateway, put it down in the middle of the field, and you have about gateway. There's also MDIOT, which is pushed by Vodafone, among others, where they use an existing seller network to do an LP band, yeah? They claim that all the network needs is up to the software, not software, and we can do it, but of course this would be with the Sickbox, and there's no money for that. But it still has a value, you need more, you need better reliability and such. Yeah, maybe, yeah, it's a good bet, right? I have no idea about waitlist, I've heard about them. So what's next for me? So what I have here, I have a couple of hardware here. So the setup I did for Lora, it's based on a pie, this is a single band gateway, so you can get these shields for maybe 30 bucks, but it's only a single channel. It's good for testing, but it's not really Lora when. You know, you really cannot really do this. You can see that this small chip here is an SX12XX, which is a cheap one, but it's not really meant for production use. I did manage to get that guy, that guy, the bought alone cost 200 euros, but this is a full 8 band, you can create a real Lora gateway, and does anybody know what this guy is? There's a pie top seat, have you heard of that? Yeah, so it's a 1990s setup project with a monitor and a refrigerator, so my plan is to put this guy in there and create a mobile Lora gateway with screen monitor, and we can just put it down, and you can set up, I don't know, for a hyper pound, for a use case, something interesting like that, and that would be my plans right now, because I wanna see how far I can push this, right? Unfortunately, I cannot show you the demo right now, but if you're interested, we can figure out something that you can do to show, yeah? Yep, that's all. Was that FX?