 Okay, I am Jacques Morey, the director of the German Russian Museum in Berlin Karlshorst. And I studied history and East European history, I'm speaking Russian, and became director seven years ago. Yes, this is a historical site. In 8th of May 1945, here in Karlshorst, in this building, the end of Second World War in Europe was made by surrendering the Wehrmacht. So the Act of Surrendering, the document was signed here in this house in Berlin. And that means about 22 years later, in 67, this house became a museum, the so-called Museum of Capitulation, Museum of Surrendering, Capitulations Museum. And was run by the Soviet troops, by the political department of the Soviet troops at the GDR. That means in 1994, when the Russian troops left Germany, they feared to close the museum. At that point, Germany suggested to go on with the work here in Karlshorst. So since that, we are a German Russian Museum. How can I say it? It's very interesting, there are two data, the 8th of May 1945 or 9th of May 1945. So the document, the data is 8th of May. The first act of Surrendering was made in France in 7th of May. At that moment, they decided to make a second step in Berlin, the capital of the German Reich, 8th of May, but when they came together here in Karlshorst, there were huge discussions the whole night. So at the end, it was already the 9th of May when they signed. And the Soviet Union, very correctly, to the agreement with the Allies, they said, okay, we announced the victory 9th of May after the last step had been made. But because of the first act of Surrendering in the West, in Western Europe, 7th of May, in the West, the newspapers, already the 8th of May announced, yeah, victorious ours. So that's why in Western Europe, the 8th of May is so common, and in the Eastern part, the 9th of May. This is not political, it's just kind of the result of these two steps of Surrendering. Do you prefer the 8th of May? I prefer not really the 23rd of August. Yeah, it's a very important data, of course, but more important is the end of war, I would say. And in Germany, we already have the 27th of January, remembering all the victims of the Nazi dictatorship. And so the 23rd of August, it's too global to focus only on the Red Terror and the Brown Terror made by the Nazis. And it's all the same. I think it's not correct to put it all together. Yeah, that's a good question. Of course, we are focusing on the, first of all, of the German politics towards the Soviet Union, and that means the German plannings of a war of annihilation and the huge numbers of victims on the Soviet side. On the other hand, of course, there was still the Soviet system of repression, Stalinism, during the whole war. And when the Red Army came to Germany, okay, this is already war, and all the discussions about raping German women, for example. We are pointing out that this happened here in Berlin, so this is shown in our exhibition, but this is not the main topic. And what is needed, I think, for my house is the second part, you can say, the after-war history. And of course, this will deal with the repressions made by the Soviets, but to compare it in a historical sense. This is not right. This is a different system, and don't put it together. This is very interesting and not so easy to answer, because this guilt still exists in a historical sense. But you're right, this is already 70 years ago. In history, that means nothing. 70 years, that's nothing. The second point is that the whole society in Germany is built on this kind of moral consensus, is built on this guilt. So we confess this guilt, and this gives us a kind of legitimation to deal as we deal. So just to have a very critical look on our history, and this is our chance to come back to the community of European countries. You're right, in other countries there are dictators as well, Spain, Portugal, Greek, and so on and so on. Nowadays you can have a look to what is going on in Hungary or maybe in Poland. This is not dictatorship. There's a big difference, but this is in the direction which is not very hopeful, I would say. So in historical sense to confess this guilt, this was our only chance to come back to the family of the countries. And that's why we are so focusing on our guilt and we will not forget for a long time. And showing to other countries the first reaction in Germany is, OK, this is the history of the others. We are dealing with this, yes, of course, and we are experts, but how to deal with this guilt or not guilt in Spain, in Portugal and so on. This is a Spanish affair and not a German and we won't disturb this discussion or to join this discussion, maybe in a scientific way, but not as a discussion of the society. This is yours and here in Germany it's ours. Shortly not, because every nation has a national history. And yes, it's great, it's wonderful that we have the chance in the European... European... I'm thinking Russian community, in the European community to discuss this altogether. But at the end there are so different traditions, different conditions and cultural things that it is not possible to say there's one European remembering, there's one European history. Yeah, for the last decades of years we have a similar history. But looking forward to the Brexit, Great Britain will go its own way. At the end it's OK in historical sense. It's a pity for the European community, of course. But this shows that there is still a national way, not nationalism, but a national way. And that's why European remembering is very interesting, but that means it's a puzzle of very different pieces putting together. Here in Berlin, just to finish, in Germany, above all I think that you are the gothic who are the most quantity of monuments, memorials, pedagogical centers, original, also memorials, not original. And we could see that they are excluded from some kind of characters dealing with victims, the memory of the victims, and other ones that they are dealing with the memory of Pembrokes, in topography or members who are others. What is your role here? More the memory of the resistance, memory of if you are dealing only with, has a historical museum or you are doing also, you are considering that you are doing this work of memory or not? We are both and we are minimum two nations coming here together, so we are Germans and Russians. And for the Russians they are talking about victory and a very legal fight and a good fight. And on the German point of view it's our defeat, OK? And it's OK that it was a defeat. This is already our guilt. So these discussions are already very, very different. Plus we have colleagues from Kiev and Minsk, Ukraine and Belarus, right Russia. So there is lots of dynamics for the last two years in this discussion. So focusing on the German discussion or the situation here in Berlin. Yes, we have this transnational view. This is very important, I think. We are focusing firstly on the historical event surrounding of the Wehrmacht. And the discussions are more in this cross-national way you can say, not about on which side I stand, perpetrator or victim or whatever. In this transnational sense we are more on the bad side, on the perpetrator side. And the victims are on the other side. But they are turning around. The Red Army, the Soviets, yes they are victims but at the end in the thinking they are not victims. They are the victories. So this is very tricky. And I think this is the main sense of our museum. And this is worth to come to here to Karlshorst. Just to recognize this transnational way or look on the same history. We are a small museum. So when you look to our space we are focusing on German-Russian or German-Soviet, better to say. And already Poland is very difficult to switch in on. It must be, I think, without Poland you can't discuss all the things. And going on to the Baltic states it's become more difficult and difficult. So we have little space so that's where we are focusing on German-Russian. And the situation of founding this German-Russian museum in 1994 was very political. And it is still political. So there is an interest and a political interest by the German government and by the Russian government that this museum exists. And that means that the focus is always on German-Russian relations. Just to finish, what are the challenges of this place? Both. The challenge is just to preserve this place. The challenge is to invite more and more people here to this place. And the future I'm looking forward to a second part showing the post-war history up to 1994.