 What are you doing? OK, well good afternoon to those in Geneva and good afternoon. Good morning, maybe good evening to those online and thank you all for being here and welcome to this session hosted by the Housing, Land and Property Air and Responsibility, which is part of the Global Protection cluster as we support coordination on the HLP and humanitarian response around the globe. So whether you join online or you're in the room, ddechrau. Rydyn ni'n cael meddwl, sy'n meddwl bod byddwch yn 41 yn ymwyfyn. Fy fyddwn i'n ffyrdd yn ysafodol, ond rydyn ni'n fyddwn i'n fwy fyddwn i'n gwybod i'ch fathau. Felly, ddau'n gwneud amser i chi, mae'n gymryd i'r ymddangos. Felly, rydyn ni'n Jim Robinson. Mae'r unrhyw o'r Llywodraeth Cymru, rydym yn cyfnodol i'r HLPAOR, a dyma'r FNRC, ac mae'r unig yn ychydig. Yn ymwneud yw'r co-coordinator, ac rwy'n gweithio ymlaen nhw. Yn ymwneud, gydw i'n ddod. Dwi'n gweithio. Dwi'n gweithio, Sefharbyn. A dyna'r idea yma ar y cyfnod hwnnw, sy'n gweithio'r cyfnod hwnnw, sy'n gweithio'r cyfnod hwnnw, sy'n gweithio'r cyfnod hwnnw, a'r cyfnod hwnnw, sy'n gweithio'r cyfnod hwnnw sy'n gweithio wouldon fydd iawn, a dyn nhw'n gweithio'r cyfnod hwnnw. Felly rhaid geithg ôl pwysigCERn siall o elwyr hyn sy'n gweithio. Aeth nhw'n dod hynny'n meddwl i gydag ffordd o'r tîm am lien fath i'n gweithio ymlaen nhw. Mae'r tîm hefyd yn mynd i ni'n gwneud i ni, p gofyn o'n bod y cwestiwch ymlaen nhw aeth chi o brydol? Mae ymwneud ymlaen nhw o'r tîm mwy a see if it has changed your view throughout the session. Just keep an eye out for the threads in the different presentations, we're going to hear from a number of different people in there. We're going to hear from colleagues working at that global level supporting HLP work, then we're going to look at an operational level, we're going to have colleagues from Mali, South Sudan, Somalia and Syria sharing about their work linked to Housingland poverty a how it cuts across these different parts of a response. This is going to be part of an ongoing piece of work where we're trying to make the connections more understood and look for opportunities to build better connections across different areas of our work. There'll be more to follow on this as well. First, just before we get started properly, a couple of notices, we're recording the session, so we can share it. If you want to say anything controversial, just tell me and I'll stop the recording. So you're very welcome to do that whether online or in the room. My editing skills aren't great, so better to sort of full warn me. We will have time for some questions and discussions, but because of that, I'm going to be a bit strict with the timekeeping. So I'm known as a ruthless kind of person, so I will be exercising that to the max. For those speaking, when you've got a minute left, I'll start sort of doing this. Just so you know, and when your time's up, I'll start making some kind of noise so that you know, watch out for that. And if you're online, please do introduce yourself in the chat, ask questions there and we have people online and in the room who will be monitoring that and we can answer questions there as well. Or better, of course, please answer online questions if they're to do with HOP or as well as you and Habitat and others as well. So yeah, feel free to introduce yourselves online in the room. I don't want to have to introduce ourselves afterwards, although we could almost go wrong. Yes, we'll have to do our sort of chat function afterwards. Great. OK, so let's begin. So first of all, I would like to welcome Brigitte Oedolin from SDC and she is going to offer some opening remarks from her perspective. Over to you. Well, thank you, Jim and dear colleagues and greetings from Burns. Apologies for not being able to be in Geneva today. But yes, briefly on housing, land and property, those matters are at the heart of displacement because when people are displaced, they are forced to leave their home and land without knowing where they will be living and whether they will be ever be able to go back. Our experience as SDC and in supporting NRC and the Global HLP area of responsibility indicates that HLP issues arise in one form or the other in all context affected by conflict, disaster, displacement and during every phase of response. The HLP challenges created by repeated and protracted displacement are made worse by the limited legal and policy framework around HLP rights. Inadequate technical and functional capacities of state institutions and weak mechanism for the resolution of HLP disputes. Furthermore, displaced people themselves often lack knowledge of their HLP rights and how to exercise them. Women's access to HLP rights are often adversely affected due to entrenched discrimination and limited or inadequate tenure security among IDPs and returnees places households at risk of exploitation from landlords. The threat of eviction represents one of the most serious protection concerns with enormous impact on the victims dignity, physical security, livelihood and most importantly, their search for durable solutions. It is positive and important to acknowledge that there is increasing recognition of the importance of HLP in humanitarian response and its role as a vital component of long term durable solution. We see this recognition reflected in the HLP AOR, the host for this session with UN Habitat joining NRC in co-leading with HLP AOR, reflecting the growing interest in coordination on HLP and the need to deepen links between humanitarian and durable solution approaches. Within NRC, we see renewed efforts to integrate HLP across programming within the shelter and CCM clusters. We see with the importance of considering HLP in other areas of responsibility and in its effort to integrate the impact of climate change and nexus approaches into its humanitarian responses. However, whilst there is growing interest in HLP, a durable solution from government, the UN system and donors, it is vital to maintain the emphasis on HLP as a critical part of humanitarian response. We need to combine immediate response to people on the threat of forced eviction with improved security of tenure and the legal policy and administrative systems that make this possible. This is why we can think of HLP as a actual term for this golden thread between emergencies and solutions, which cannot be neglected at either end of a response if we are to see effective outcomes and people living with safety, security and dignity. This golden thread has many strands. I will mention four of these strands drawing on the work of the Jubalan Solution Consortium in Somalia that is pertinent for the region and the globe. First, on the need for humanitarian programming to focus on improving security of tenure as part of a longer term strategy to reduce the threat of eviction. Second, government leadership is imperative in advancing HLP objectives. Third, developing the HLP policy and legal framework in countries is critical to ending displacement and fourth, women's access to HLP must be prioritised. Today, we will be hearing about what this golden thread needs in reality on the ground from colleagues living and working in Mali, Somalia, South Sudan and Syria. These examples will lead to opportunities to proactively ensure our efforts are increasingly coherent and effective, making good on our commitments for joined up responses, meeting people needs and minimising the risk they face. Thank you very much. Thank you, Brigitte. Thank you for those words. Apologies for the bings of the chat in the room. I don't know how to move that on here. I'm having to go through the browser, so if anyone has any insight, please do, but apologies for all the bings. Great. Thank you, Brigitte, for those opening words. I'm going to go straight now to Iberia Lopez, who is with IOM, and he is... Can you change this? No, no. I think if you go to the calendar and click on the meeting, you can mute the chat. Oh, there we go. Right. We'll try that. Thank you. Iberia, I'm going to pass to you now. So Iberia Lopez is the Global HLP Advisor with IOM and also works as HLP Advisor for the Global Shelter Cluster as well. And you're going to give us some of the perspective from where you sit. So, over to you, Iberia. All right. Thanks, Jim. I was thinking about this question of if HLP is the golden thread between humanitarian peace and development. I don't know if it is the golden thread, but it's definitely one of them. Let's try to bring it to practice. So how has HLP dealt with in the humanitarian setting? So humanitarian setting, why do we need HLP intervention? We need HLP intervention because we are working on lands. We are usually working on providing shelter to displaced people. Sometimes it's still in camp settings. So we need to make sure that the land or the area where they're going to be either resettled or re-established is secure in terms of knowing that they will be able to stay there for as long as it needs. And that's one of the steps where usually that's not done because of the because we're Russian because of the urgency of providing the land for the site. We immediately take at face value what the government tells us, saying this land is available, it belongs to the government. You can go and do your IDP site over there. But when you go, we find out later after doing the site planning and all the improvements that that wasn't the case. Right. So we lose a lot of time. We lose a lot of investment from the humanitarian sector, the resources from donors, and we put the IDPs in another situation of risk. Then on the peace side, I think that's where we fail the most, which is when you have conflicts, you have displacement, you also have secondary occupation and fraudulent expropriation of properties. You have people losing their lands, living behind their property and and wanting to have them back, but not having a pathway for that in the post conflict context. And those situations become drivers, very strong drivers of further conflict, and they become very strong obstacles for achieving peace. And it's very rare to see any HOP programming that tackles mass restitution or that tackles restitution or that tackles restitution with the purpose of of reinforcing, achieving and strengthening peace. So that's the peace side of it. And then on the development side, you have the the need to provide security of tenure so people can have a the peace of mind and the predictability that is needed for them to rebuild their lives and invest in their own property. And also unlock the inherent inherent value of their immovable assets, which is something that it's not achieved in in most countries where we work because people don't have security of tenure. They don't have the title documents and there is no there's no enforcement of the of the rights. They can't use their immovable assets as collateral to access credit. So they can't borrow against that asset. They can't use the assets to leverage their their self-reliance. So so that's where the development part goes. Now, how do you how do you thread that that needle through the three through the three phases of of intervention? And that's the the problem that I think we we could start discussing now. But but before that, I think that we need to also be better at at doing them separately first, because I don't think we do that yet, right? So we do have HOP is still mostly an accessory for humanitarian practice, right? We don't have an HOP cluster. We don't have an HOP area of intervention like we have wash and shelter, etc. So HOP programming is mostly accessory. In rare cases, you have a few HOP programming, but they are limited, but we don't have a comprehensive HOP programming in these three phases, let's say, of intervention. And then linking them is is a is a second challenge. So that's what I wanted to put to the group. And we can start discussing with the practical examples that will will come through this session. Thanks a very thank you for that. And yet raising a challenge there, like how do we even think of HOP in the work that we do do and where can we have it further integrated more an integral part of how we think about risk and do no harm, as well as how we looked along the term and other aspects. Thanks for those those thoughts, those provocations and some good challenge that it will look to address. And thank you. So now moving on to our colleagues from Mali. We thought we sort muted this, but we haven't worked out. So I apologize. I think it's because it's through the browser and I can't find out. Anyway, I'm going to over to colleagues in Mali. We're joined by Emma Yeo from the from NRC in Mali, and she also supports the HOP working group there and Emma over to you. Thank you. Thank you. Hi, everybody. So HLP in Mali, we will talk about the challenges of a neglected link between humanitarian response and solution. The presentation here will focus on the key points of the context of the crisis in Mali, the protection situation, the HLP challenges, the response of HLP in need and the importance of maintaining the link to the solution. Crisis in Mali. The country has been with me since 2012 by complex crisis. Several regions are under the control of non-state harm groups. The security situation continues to deteriorate and is gradually spreading to the southern region, leading to numerous population displacements. As of the end of 2012, we can note that 412,000 people were internally displaced in Mali. Several regions experienced flood that caused significant damage and affected the population, such as the destruction of shelter, loss of crops, livestock and etc. As shown on the map, I think that we have a connection issue. We can't see the presentation. Are you there? We can hear you and also see the presentation online. Yes, see the presentation here. We can see the picture of the map. It's the slide with crisis in Mali. OK. As shown on the map, you can see in red colour the most affected area. A little more than two-thirds of the territory. What about protection situation? This situation has obviously led to protection issue. So according to the first displacement protection situation in Mali, first displacement on the rise with 412,000 IDPs according to the DTM report, in 2012, we noted that 228,000 IDPs increased more than 90% of IDPs numbers before 2012. We can notice also 8 million, 8 million, about 8 million of total population of 21 million in Mali in need humanitarian assistance, according also to HRP in Mali. Two million people in need of assistance. People in need of protection, we have about four million, most severely affected region. So with humanitarian condition by level four, we can have, if you see the map, Gau, Menaka, Tumbuktu in the north, and Mortisegu, Kidal, with level three, Kuliko in the centre of the country. In this context, what also about HRP challenges? We are ongoing HRP challenges, always according to HNO in Mali. The humanitarian response target about 700, 18,000 IDPs with funding of in Mali, with funding of 14 million dollars. What are the challenges, HRP challenges in Mali? Trait of eviction of IDPs in housing at a 70% rate according to the multi-sectoral need assessment. Significant secondary occupation of public and private property by the space person. The height risk of insecurity of Turner, about 81, Android, IDPs and insecurity in the reception of seat and or private seat. For example, in Faladies seat in Bamako, Senu Segu and recently in Severe. In Severe, less than three days, the seat of Severe has been attacked with a car full of explosives. So the seat of Severe is in the centre of Mali in Mopti. The IDPs were settled there due to the availability of the seat. So 28 displaced households were assigned to a seat. To the seat. So also we can talk about a significant number of land conflict related to the crisis. Example 394 cases in 2023. Various abstention between community and IDPs over the management of natural resources. The capital theft when we noted 182 cases reported a high rate of loss property documentation. Seven eight percent according to the MNSA in 2020 in 2022 in Mali. Response in the HLP challenge in Mali in need of poor and humanitarian and sustainable response to ensure the security safety and dignity of affected population in all phases of the conflict, emergency transition and long term. Land security is a crucial element of humanitarian action in Mali. In order to prevent eviction, which creates new displacement and homeless. In the long term security, securing the land right provides the necessary basic for agriculture industry and contribute to sustainable peace process. Dalai cwreson bethwn conflict stable property rights and food security. We know that conflict over the land and natural resources are often at the heart of conflict, total gains and the accompany of occupation of the land housing lead of the population displacement. At the end of the conflict, dispute over occupied property remain a source and a stability that prevents any lasting solution for returning population and treating already fragile peace agreement. So access to land to natural resources is increasingly present in peace negotiation and resulting agreement conflict between, for example, the example of a conflict between Pearl and Dogon in the center of Mali community with a peace agreement noting the free expectation of natural and land resources by community, feel also corridor housing, etc. Access to land is necessary for shelter, water center and Asian. Live wood, food security and camp management. So we can also talk about that combined formal and customary access and ownership rights. HLP in for now, we can talk about also for HLP in humanitarian response in Mali. A hope of a lessons line. HLP integrated into the HLP only in 2012, Swiss, the establishment of the working group in 2022. Continue advocacy with Ocha with the support of the protection cluster in Mali, the global cluster protection and also the global HLP hour. Our saving life avoiding further displacement and abuse of human rights is more than ever viewed in the context of Mali and especially in the Sahel. A conflict again, a backdrop of security for access for natural resources. Thank you. Thanks Emma, thank you for that and it's really interesting to hear the links between what you need to do in the emergency as people are displaced to try and protect them, but then also how particularly around lands, the links between longer term efforts to think about food security and documentation as well, but also the link to peace discussions, peace negotiations and processes. So lots of different aspects there. And I know in Mali there is an effort to being made around mediation that includes lands and access to natural resources is a key part of that. So, yes, a really challenging example of where these things meet and for us to think how best we can support and respond. I'm going to move now to South Sudan, so across East on the continent of Africa and welcome to speak to us. Peter Deng, who's the head of protection programmes with the Humanitarian and Development Consortium in HDC and HDC are co-leads of the HLP AOR in South Sudan alongside IOM and NRC. So Peter is going to speak to us and I believe you may also be joined by Peace Mababsi, who's the NRC specialist and also co-lead of the South Sudan HLP AOR. Over to you, Peter. Yes, good afternoon, colleagues. Yes, thanks a lot, Jim, for the introduction. I think we have planned that microleaf piece will do some bit of introductions and then I'll go ahead with the presentation, if that's OK. Of course, please, please. Thank you, Jim. It is good afternoon here and hope it is that side. I myself, Peace Mababsi, Rijemer, the specialist of NRC South Sudan, I also co-lead the HLP area of responsibility together with IOM and HDC. It is a triad arrangement and NRC as the chair and then we have HDC and IOM as the co-leads. OK, I will start with the situation in Sudan. We currently have about roughly more, slightly over four million people that are displaced, about 2.2 million displaced in country. And then the rest of the two million displaced outside country. But what we're starting to see right now, we are starting to see a slow, a trend in quite a number of returns happening currently in South Sudan. And they are happening both in country and cross border. We are registering quite a number of returns from especially Uganda, but also with the current crisis that is happening in Sudan. We are also seeing a number of people crossing the border from Sudan and returning back in South Sudan. The same is also happening on the border of South Sudan together with Chad. And that brings about slightly over 2 million people according to the existing data. Currently we see HLP as a cross cutting issue, both as a humanitarian issue, but also as both in emergence and also as a development issue. And quite a number of interventions are being done notwithstanding the challenges. One of the things that we're seeing that is quite difficult is the HLP solutions related to HLP solutions, such as compensation and restitution. Without much emphasis, I'll allow my colleague to come through, but and the rest of it will be covered within our presentation. Thank you. Dan, over. Thank you. Ah, yes, yes. Thank you very much. Peace and baptism. Yeah, so generally that is the situation in South Sudan. And the HLP, one of the key things, of course, generally the situation, the conflict in South Sudan. Of course, at first there was a political conflict, and now what we are seeing happening is more of a terminal conflict. And that one, it is some more connected with the it's connected with land issues, like in Central Equatorial. We also have floods that are displacing people and will always need to be. So without taking much on that, as my colleague Peace had done the introduction on the context, I'll go to the the five key challenges. On HLP that we see in South Sudan. The number one is the weak land administration and the dispute resolution mechanism. You know, you remember all that you may know when South Sudan had just received its independence in 2011, and then just immediately two years after the conflict erupted until now, we're still in that period. So there has not been that strong administration that has been put up and the country has really been affected. So you can see there that there's lack of availability and efficient way of handling land, you know, this one is particularly with the there is a land act, but there is no policy to guide the government institutions in administering the land. And we see that there are sometimes misunderstanding among the government institution as to who should do who. And, you know, there's that power struggle, you know. So. And then there is also the financial burden of providing land ownership. You know, when you have your land for you to get it, it's to get the proper documentation is very expensive. Like if you have to do the land survey, because if you have your land, you have to pay the surveyors to come and do the survey, put up the the coordinates and those things, which is very expensive and to the IDPs or retanis, we see that one is really very expensive. And in the end, they end up losing their land as well. Because if you're not able to construct with time, your land is also grabbed. So that is also another key challenge and lack of legislation implementation. You know, what we know in South Sudan, the land act came about as a policy was just adopted immediately. And within that, it says that the land belongs to the community. So that gap has really strained most of the things to be handled because you see the community don't have the capacity as the government to do land and the land needs very complex issues and also professional or technical things to be handled. And you find the community, they just go and make committees and then they start distributing land without proper procedures, you know. And in the end, it results in demolitions because people are constructing in the land or you find that the government is not able to provide land with, say, IDPs like the case currently in Viba. We had thousands of IDPs have been displaced, their lands have been grabbed. And now the government is not able to provide land to these people because they don't have that authority to say now this land belongs to the government, let's provide this land to the IDPs. They have to do community consultations and, you know, with the ethnic issues in South Sudan, it becomes very complex for this issue to be affected. So it's one of the key challenges that we see there. And then the complexity of HLP issues. This one, we look at the legal aspect when you have to first get your land and then also we're looking at the humanitarian side when you say you have a returner who needs his land. Sometimes, as I mentioned earlier, when all these factors combine because it's not just one thing. You may find someone has got their land back and then they also need a shelter. But you find that the humanitarian response may not be providing shelter at that time or for the returners. And maybe the shelter to be put up needs to be more of a permanent one and no kind of humanitarian support is there. We are not yet to that developmental stage. So you find that this is very complex. And sometimes, again, the individual might end up losing their land or they just leave the land back under and you don't realise the legal solutions. So this is something that needs to be looked into as a challenge also. And then we have the barrier to on the women's land rights. Of course, this one in the in the in the law of South Sudan is there that the women should own land that one is very clear. But because of the norms and the culture of South Sudanese, you know, you find that women are sometimes undermined. Very few women who are strong enough will will own their land, but most of them, they may find themselves even in the community land committees, you find there's minimal or even no women representation. So these are some of the challenges that we are facing in South Sudan. Next slide, please. Now, what we then come into is how we address these challenges, and that is the while connecting it to the durable solutions in the end. That is what we now call the golden thread between humanitarian response of the solutions. We have proposed seven and one of them is the equitable access. HOP remains a critical requirement to resettling IDPs. I believe I mentioned it earlier and in the end it should build the peace and they also encourage social cohesion among South Sudanese. This is because, you know, as I mentioned earlier, the political conflict has reduced the subdued, but the intercommunal one is actually on the rise and is the one that is actually present in the peace and the stability. You know, so if this one is looked into, maybe it will be the good one, and then the development of the land tenure and the policy, land tenure policy, this, you know, the land policy is currently under review in South Sudan and it is being widely circulated, though the way it is done because the lack also funds to do that, you may find that there is a they might be minimal contribution to it. And in the end, this is the one that is going to determine how long it is administered in South Sudan. So. So this one, the review of this one and the land policy with the other legal associated frameworks and strengthening the capacities of the land administration structure, both at the national and the local level should be a key priority in order to be able to identify durable solutions in resettling IDPs and retanis, even those who are combatants before. The third one is securing HLP rights that should enable live in and addressing HLP grievances will also contribute to establishing the rule of law, which in turn produces conducive environment to return investment in alleviating living conditions. You know, this is one key thing. And actually many people now in South Sudan, I can give an example of IDPs who have settled in the Mangala IDP site or settlement. You know, many of them could not be able to cultivate because the land where they had settled had issues. The community there was saying, no, after the floods are done, you should go back. You know, so they could not even start to carry out any live build activities. Many were just doing it at their own risk. You know, so this is you find that land is really can should be is an element in terms of the livelihood of the people and also in the long run. And then protection monitoring. Currently in South Sudan, there's a countrywide protection monitoring. We encourage that HLP monitoring be be be be streamlined. There, of course, it is being done, but we will have to see how we can review these questions so that they they can be utilized properly in order to benefit in the long term because documentation in South Sudan is also a serious issue, and most of the the government actually relies on humanitarian partners in terms of collecting data. So then the referral pathways should be strengthened between the protection cluster and the shelter NNFI because there's sometimes that gap. And you know, HGC, if I may say, we have both been a protection partner and also a shelter partner, but there was still that gap because as a national partner, we may not have enough funding to be able to support someone who needs shelter. But you have identified someone who needs protection. I mean, who is a vulnerable, I mean a need of protection, but needs a shelter as well. So that's something that we in Paris can be strengthening. And then the integration. You know, when we talk at the level of the government, you know, there have been structure that have been informed on durable solutions. There's both at the national and then the state level task forces. If these ones can work together with the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management together with the Reef and Rehabilitation Commission, this one should be able to portionlise the framework, which is and then the action plan on return, retigration and relocation by this place person because many frameworks have been developed, but there is no action taken on them. So there's need for that humanitarian partner to work together with the government in order to realise this one. It is it is happening, but it has not yet taken place. And then finally is to support on the advocacy for the restructuring and the alignment of a customer in testatory land regimes, you know, to ensure that HLP rights of vulnerable groups, women, the child-headed households and all those are protected. You know, this one I particularly mentioned because the structures in the law, the land act actually has laws, I mean, has has institutions that are supposed to be put in place, especially at the county level, but they are not there in South Sudan, you know. So that's why that gap is filled by those who are not technical people, especially the chiefs. And if we can advocate for this one to be done, it will actually help in protecting the women's rights because at the local level, they don't know the law and they need to be educated about it. And this would be beneficial in terms of protecting the rights of those who are vulnerable. So that's that should be all from from our side. Unless there's any additions from my colleagues, I have peace and also my director, William, is also at the background in case there's time. Thank you. Thank you. In conclusion, just a small addition is that currently we are focusing mostly on ensuring that due diligence is conducted because, as Alia mentioned, is that we are seeing multiple claims on a parcel of land. So it is important and we are also encouraging that due diligence is done. Due diligence tools are being devolved and will be shared with different partners, but that is to mention that it will try to eliminate or try to reduce the risk where there are multiple allocations or multiple claims. Other things that we are trying to do are actions that we are taking is engaging with government, engaging with government to ensure that they understand HLP and all partners, including IOM, NRC, HDC, among others, are currently prioritising this because we understand that not very many people actually understand HLP, but also we also understand that it is quite a sensitive issue and therefore the manner in which we do advocacy, the manner in which we handle HLP issues in South Sudan is in a way that we try to handle them knowing that they are actually sensitive. The other thing that we are proactively working on is trying to raise awareness among women and also trying to build the capacity of women-led groups or women-led organisations such that they are able to advocate on women's rights. Also, one of the other things that we are trying to do is all things these, just one. We are calling upon development actors to also see HLP as an development issue, not only as an emergency or a humanitarian issue. Thank you. Thanks so much. Yeah, thank you, Peter. Thanks, Peace. Yeah, thanks for those interesting examples of some of the activities as well. And now I think we see the links with not only what needs to be done to better integrate within that kind of humanitarian response, but also the links to policy, links to questions around climate change and the impact of that around the system flooding that we're seeing now that we didn't see before and some, again, links to the kind of administrative functions in the country as well. Just because we've been sat for a little while, I'm going to propose that in this room we kind of stand up if we can and just, and you may like to do this where you are because I know when I sit and listen, I can find it fascinating, but I still get a little bit stuck in my chair. So I'm just going to sort of spin around a bit and move and I'll just invite you to do this. Excellent. Good. And also here, we're just after lunch time as well. So I think there's a double need for that. Thank you for indulging me because I needed that. Great. Thanks. OK, so yeah, thanks so much for colleagues from South Sudan now. We're going to move to Shazan in Somalia now. Shazan Karubi is the housing land and property adviser for the Damwadag Durable Solutions Consortium in Somalia. And Shazan has also been working in the Country Maritime Response as well. So it's well placed to give her a perspective. So yeah, over to you Shazan. Thank you, Jim. If you could go to my slides. Yeah, we see them here. Maybe it's on my side. Cool. Thank you, Jim. As Jim mentioned, I'm the HLP adviser for the Damwadag Durable Solution Consortium, but also previously worked with NRC as the Eclas Specialist and the HLP AOR coordinator in Somalia. So I'll just very quickly take you through the context of HLP issues in Somalia so you can just get a bearing on some of the issues that we've been working on and then I'll zoom into what Damwadag specifically has been doing. So Somalia, similar to South Sudan, is a longstanding crisis, one that has been exacerbated by silical natural disasters such as drought and floods, but also continued conflict throughout many parts of the country. So Somalia has one of the highest displacement statistics globally. We've currently 3.8 million people displaced, and majority of these people are moving into urban centres. So you can imagine the HLP challenges confronting displacement affected communities in Somalia are protracted and multifaceted. Competition of a land is a primary driver of conflict. And particularly when it comes to violations such as forced evictions, that is one of the major protection risks in Somalia. And looking at the data between 2017 and 2022, over 1.3 million people have been, forcefully, evicted in Somalia. So land tenure security is rampant in Somalia because over 85% of informal IDP settlements are hosted predominantly on privately owned land. And majority of the settlements do not have formal land tenure agreements in place. So there's an over reliance on what we call oral agreements or verbal agreements. The other thing about Somalia that is important to note is with the current urbanisation trends, we're seeing more and more there's limited access to legal identity and we're seeing increased linkages between legal identity and housing land and property. There's a very interesting study that was done last year on this. There's also very weak HLP kind of framework. So Somalia, the HLP legal and policy environment is quite weak. And we're also seeing that the legislation on land tenure security is outdated. So there's quite a lot to do when it comes to strengthening the policy environment. The last thing about Somalia is that you cannot achieve durable solutions or have any form of sustainable reintegration without any access to land. And we'll see that on how Danwa Dagh has been able to do it. So next slide. So Danwa Dagh durable solution consortium Danwa Dagh is a Somali word meaning common purpose. So this started out as a three and a half year programme. It's a consortium of different agencies, both international and local, which has contributed to the success of Danwa Dagh. So as you can see, we have IOM, which is the lead agency. And then we have concern worldwide and NRC as implementing agencies. Then in terms of national partners, we also have Jubba Foundation and Gredo and Reds is kind of the knowledge management and learning partner for Danwa Dagh. NRC has been leading the HLP component for the consortium. So we've been relying a lot on NRC's expertise, both in country but also globally. Next slide. So the main objective of Danwa Dagh is to enhance progress towards durable solutions and reintegration of displacement affected communities in urban centres. So based on learning from phase one, Danwa Dagh started off as more of a learning kind of programme where we were able to adapt over time. And what's interesting about Danwa Dagh is the Danwa Dagh theory of change was based off learning from previous durable solution programmes that SDSC even mentioned at the very beginning, funded by the EU and FCDU. So over time, Danwa Dagh's programme approach has been able to evolve. But one thing that has maintained from the very onset was this recognition and focus on land tenure security. So we've been able to ensure that whatever investments we are making, whether it is in access to basic services, access to livelihoods or even building relationships with the government, land tenure security has been a central focus of that. So we've been able to package, have this package layered and integrated kind of support to the displacement affected communities that we are targeting. One other aspect about Danwa Dagh is we target based on vulnerabilities and needs, and that's a whole essential aspect of a durable solution programme. So we target refugee retanis, IDPs and host communities. And a key element about Danwa Dagh is because of how Danwa Dagh has been built in terms of its adaptive nature, Danwa Dagh has adapted this flexibility to adapt the programme as we move on. And that's one of the cost trends of Danwa Dagh. So we have a crisis modifier because we recognise in Somalia crisis are consistently taking place. Today you can have an emergency that goes on for a long period of time. So to protect the investments that Danwa Dagh has made, we have integrated a crisis modifier to be able to consistently respond to those shocks, but also maintain the longer term investments that have already been made by Danwa Dagh. And with all of that, land tenure security integrated land and housing solutions is central to that. So Danwa Dagh will never invest without considering HLP issues. Next slide. So in terms of funding streams, as I stated, Danwa Dagh started as a programme that was funded by only one donor and that was FCDO back in 2018. And then that that ended in 2022. And we've been able to evolve now to a multi donor funded programme. And it's quite important to note that with all these donors, HLP is funded consistently throughout the programme. So with the FCDO, USAID, Walbank and the EU, there's major investments on HLP programming. So how have we been able to do that? Next slide, Jim. So in terms of early solutions and how we've been able to integrate housing, land and property into emergencies, we have so many examples, but I just tried to focus for the purpose of this meeting. So a large element of Danwa Dagh is investment in evidence and analysis. So we realise because eviction risk are quite rampant in Somalia. What we've been able to do is invest comprehensively in eviction risk mapping, monitoring and documentation in order to trigger responses. Because what happens is when people move into urban centres, they settle on privately owned land without secure tenure arrangements in place. So that makes them succumb to forced eviction. So you can have a household that has been evicted even up to multiple times. So we've really invested in that through NRC's eviction programme. We've also made sure that we are investing in rapid gender and land tenure analysis, particularly a good example is during the drought that we had in 2022 within the drought response. What we were able to do with NRC was to quickly map out the sites that were being targeted and understand the land tenure arrangements within sites. And this enabled us to target better because we were able to share this data across different clusters. Then we've also been able to integrate HLP into inter cluster assessments. So working hand in hand with the HLP AOR, there's a lot of advocacy that has gone into ensuring that HLP is considered as a life saving kind of service. Because in Somalia, we're always having that debate is HLP really life saving. Then in terms of advocacy and policy influence, I think Somalia has one really good example where eviction moratorium have worked. A good example is in by door where by during the pandemic we were able to advocate or support the global to support the HLP AOR and NRC's efforts towards having a moratorium in place to not evict people. And this was the first time in a district that was registering the third highest level of foster evictions for a period of 10 months, we were able to see zero evictions being recorded. So that was quite an achievement of what Danwadag has been able to support. Another key element is we've worked with government through the various urban centres that we're targeting to establish government led eviction task forces and within Somalia, you cannot be successful without government steering, without government steering the seat. So having government have these task forces in place and negotiate with land owners has really been beneficial in protecting people against forced eviction. Then the last element is on programming. So within programming, there are a number of things that we've been able to do, but maybe I'll just zoom in to one. The first one is on eviction prevention as a strategic approach within programming. So making sure that even in terms of value for money, we're able to affect any disruption to any ongoing recovery or integration processes that are brought about the impact of forced eviction. Secondly, we've also invested in due diligence as our colleagues from South Sudan mentioned, particularly when we have emergencies. It's kind of a norm for emergency actors to just target sites without considering HLP elements. So due diligence is something that we really invested heavily, especially when it comes to as a period of site securing at Kenya. Next slide. Now, in terms of durable solutions, one of the key things that we've been able to do is on long term capacity development. And I think the major success of Danwa Dagh has been on how we've been able to build relationships with government and have political will pushing through some of the things that we would like to see here. We've invested comprehensively in capacity assessments across the different urban centres. We've also invested in relationships with different municipalities and states. We've also supported local authorities to modernise and improve the land registration services, particularly considering that most displacement affected communities cannot afford some of these documents. When it comes to advocacy and policy influence, as I previously mentioned, the HLP framework is quite weak in Somalia when it comes to the legal policy framework is quite weak. So we have some instances whereby we've provided technical support during the development of some urban land laws. And this is at the state level. Also one thing to mention is that we have HLP is considered so important that it's now a strategic priority within the national durable solution strategy. And that was because of all the work that Danwa Dagh and NRC had done in Somalia. Then we've also been able to influence donor priorities to focus on HLP. As you'll see in Somalia, whatever durable solution call that is coming out, HLP is a critical component, particularly security of tenure. So that has been due to the evidence that has been collected over time. And it's quite it's a success story in Somalia. In terms of programming, I'll go to the next slide so I can tell show you co coherently what we've been able to do. So this is yes, I'm going to finish. This is a case study of an integrated settlement in Baidwa, which is now considered a home to to 13,000 people. So basically it's why this is important. It's an example where government has allocated land for the reintegration of displacement affected communities. And why it's so important in Somalia, it has shown us that scaling up solutions is possible if there's political will and the role that HLP plays. This settlement is not even considered an IDP settlement. It's actually more of a city extension. So it's one clear example where we've been able to operationalise the nexus, having humanitarian development and peace building actors, bringing in investments into one location and having a clear example of a solution. So the video, if you would like to see the video of this, it's widely available and Jim can share it afterwards. So Jim, I'll just go to the next slide and then I'll finalise. Next slide, Jim. So this is just to show you on the left hand side, you have what Baidwa looks like in terms of the IDP settlements. You can see people are staying in makeshift shelters. And then on the left hand side, you have what we're calling a solution to displacement. So this is Barwako, as you can see, the kind of planning that has gone into Barwako. So if you would like to watch the video, it's longer, we can share it after this. Then, as we finalise, I think I won't repeat what SDSC has just mentioned, but I think we were on the same wavelength in terms of our key lessons land is that government leadership is key to advance HLP objectives. Laws and policies cannot be enacted in a vacuum. They need to be aligned to enforcement mechanisms. So the inclusion of infrastructure and resources relevant to that. And then finally, the inclusion of a crisis modifier, by being able to be flexible and adaptable, we were able to see the role that HLP plays not only at the beginning of a crisis, but also all throughout and using that evidence to advocate for more funding. So thank you, Jim, and I'll hand over to you. Thanks so much for that. She's very comprehensive and really interesting to see the different ways of approaching from that sort of humanitarian perspective, but then also from that durable solution side as well. So yeah, thanks. And just to say, we'll be sharing the power points and the links to the resources mentioned afterwards as well. Because I imagine there's a lot of information in these slides. Some of it really fascinating. So it would be good to. It's all really fascinating. So yeah, we'll be sharing that after the session. OK, so our final country that we will stop in on our tour is Syria, so I want to hand over to Hussam Sulayman, who's with UN Habitat, who's going to talk to us about the work that's going on with UN Habitat in Syria. Thank you, Jim. Good afternoon colleagues. Thank you a lot for opening this space for Syria to talk about the HLB situation in Syria. I will try to summary the HLB context in a few slides. So you can start, please, Jim, with the next slide. OK, thank you. I just like to. I just tried to classify the situation of HLB in three major phases in Syria. The first one is the Brewer. It's the situation before the conflict which started in Syria in 2011. The Syrian context from HLB perspective is a little bit complicated because before the crisis system is very wide when you look at it from the exilation side, from the institution who are working or dealing with HLB issues from and from the policy level. So this system from a theoretical perspective is very huge. But when you come to the practical side, you can find different problems on the ground. One of them is related to the competition over the land in Syria. So most of people are living in the urban areas which make the demand of an institution or private sector to the land is a huge demand. And this make a lot of people living in different contexts. So, for example, you can find that approximately about 3.5 million people are living in informal areas. About 30% or 40% of Syrian in the big cities like Damascus and Aleppo are living in informal settlements. While there was a planning for money to be invested in development projects in these big cities which was initiated to target the rich people. So, this has raised a wide spectrum of tenure perspective. So, these people who have these secure documents which is registered in land record and a lot of significant person who don't have this registered document who are living in these informal areas. And if you look to that, the land administration system from its different components from tenure perspective or from land use perspective and development perspective, you can see this diversity. So, the land administration institution were very weak because most of land records were stored as a paper document without archiving or digitalisation. Even the cadastral maps or the land maps, there is a significant percentage of these maps are croaky and not finalised. When you go to the agricultural land, you will see this diversity of tenure because you have many institutions in Syria who are managing the land use. We have the forest land, we have the agricultural land, the private land, the state land, so you have this diversity. And when the conflict comes to Syria in 2011, the conflict has a heavy impact on the HLB, on the housing and the properties rights. Because it causes many other challenges related to the loss of documents. In big cities like Aleppo or the resort or the areas which are outside of the government control, a massive amount of documents have been lost, civil and HLB documents. A massive damage has happened to the big cities like Aleppo where you have these heritage areas and in Damascus and in rural Damascus. The people suffered from limited access to the HLB rights. And the government started looking to build a new real estate development project in this damaged area, which also raised other HLB concerns to the people. And finally, the third layer was because of the earthquake, which happened about two months ago. This earthquake, which is concentrated in the northern and western side of Syria, has also augmented these concerns and caused a lot of displacement of people who left their building. And this challenge augmented in these areas where the level of security is very weak, like informal areas. Even the action has been conducted by the government on the ground, they didn't also consider all of these HLB concerns. So many people have been displaced. My transaction has been happened and this increased the vulnerability for the people like the woman and the displaced person. Next slide, please. This is just a quick image for Syria, how we can look at from a geographical different challenge. So if you can look to these red areas, which is still under the government control, while you have other two areas outside of the government control in the north area and the eastern side. And these division geographically has also make the people also suffering from a different HLB concern. Like, for example, the people weren't able sometimes to return to their houses. Like, for example, there was some secondary occupation for some properties. There was some force, there was a force eviction in other areas. And in, for example, in government area, there was a launching of several new laws related to the new urban development areas. And if you look to that, to this red circle, which I added that, when this earthquake concentrated in these northern areas has also augmented all of these concerns of HLB. Next slide, please. So now, if we look to the HLB, how you inhabit that Syria has taken these HLB concerns through its intervention. The main challenge of HLB in Syria was related to its sensitivity. As HLB is related to humanitarian aspects, so it was very difficult for us as United States Syria to handle with these issues, especially with the government. So the resolution of HLB directly after the war was very difficult for our team. The other issue is the lack of capacity of the HLB actors and the humanitarian agency were working on the ground. Considering of HLB was a little bit difficult and the focus was on the humanitarian activity without considering this challenge. The other challenge was related to the donors. Many donors were very reluctant and they have many restrictions to support the institution and especially the institution which is dealing, which are dealing with HLB. Like, for example, the municipalities or the cadastral services centers or other or other institution. But now, after several years of working from Unhabitat in Syria, now Unhabitat is taking the lead of HLB because we have started doing this identification of these HLB, identification of dissemination of our advocacy and awareness activity with our partners. And HLB started moving from shadow to something more concrete on the ground. Now Unhabitat is leading the technical working group, which is now officially under the protection sector in Syria. And Unhabitat started developing money capacity building event for our humanitarian actors and recovery actors. And also our communication with our partners, even the government about these concerns have started and raised in different sessions with those partners. Next slide, please, Jen. So just a few more minutes. So if you want to maybe add a little bit, please do. OK, so the main area of response can be classified in these five areas. Awareness raising and legal and dispute resolution, advocacy and dissemination, capacity building, housing support and improved access to HLB services. I will just give an example for each one. Next slide, please. This is an example. It is not our Unhabitat mandate, but it has been done by our partners. UNDB and NRC as a part of our joint HLB projects in Syria. It's about supporting the people with legal and awareness raising issue. And it also tried to solve some dispute between the community themselves. Next slide, please. This is another example of our knowledge dissemination. This type of intervention was done by Syria in cooperation with our regional level support expert on HLB. It we targeted the lack of knowledge by the institution and by the humanitarian actors and we have we have increased this knowledge by disseminating different thematic papers and guidance note on due diligence issue on also on land and conflict and land administration and safeguarding of HLB rights. And most of these documents you can find on the Arab Land Initiative website. And also on the urban lakes you can find most of the HLB laws for Syria. Next slide, please. This is also another example of knowledge dissemination. It's a unit that started working with regional partner like GIZ and UNHCR and developing an HLB framework as a guiding for HLB intervention in Syria. We have engaged with global solution working group in partnership with NRC and UNHCR. We have also started doing support to our regional office for safeguarding of the Syrian HLB rights who are now living in Iraq or Lebanon. Next slide, please. This is an example. It's a closed out, please, thank you. Yeah, final, final slide. This is just an example of our housing due diligence, which we are supporting from our projects and also for in our partners projects. Next, the final slide, I think. This is another example for supporting the improving access to cadastral services in areas where it has been damaged or lost and also supporting the archiving of land records. Sorry for being long and thanks a lot. Now, thank you. I really appreciate that. And as I said, we'll be sharing the slides and if you'd like to put any of the links that you mentioned in the chat, but we can also make sure we circulate the relevant resources as well, because there was lots of things you mentioned there, so I appreciate it. And thank you for just bringing that to a close. It would be quite ambitious in our programme here is what I'm realising. It's always my problem anyway. But yes, thank you. So we've had our visits to Mali, South Sudan, Somalia and Syria, and we're going to hear a couple of reflections on this. But I want to just pause for any questions just for a couple of minutes before hearing those reflections from colleagues. So if there's any questions either in the room or online. My name is Sylvain, I work for the Swiss Mission in Geneva. And I'm following in particular the question of refugees in HCR. And thanks again for that was a very comprehensive overview. And we travel across those different contexts. I didn't personally have much knowledge about HLP beforehand, but I was really stunned by the complexity of the issue with no legal, financial, social, cultural and so on ramifications. It seems to be in some cases both the driver of this placement, especially for IDPs or related to climate change or conflict, but also a protection issue in itself and the main obstacle to durable solutions. And I think that's reflected by the stagnation of the no solutions situation, both for IDPs, refugees. I think it's only one percent or less, or maybe even less, probably. And also the average length of this placement. So all this very interesting, but the picture is quite gloomy to me. And I thought I was going to ask the question, what are the positive examples you would have best practices? And I think it was really quite encouraging to hear, know some different interveners from, for example, from Somalia. I thought there was a very interesting example. And I was wondering, since in that case, there seems to be quite a few lessons learnt already and really best practice engagement of government, etc. If there is a potential there for scaling up, how will you see that in different contexts? And since I'm working quite closely on the operation of the global refugee forum, I was also wondering what are your expectations from such a kind of high level event in terms of acceleration of this HLP agenda? Maybe last, sorry, very long, but since the IDP issues seem to be so, no, it's always seems to be more complex even than the question of returnees, refugees. How is the link between, how is the link with the action agenda? Thank you. Great questions. We could do a session on those questions and we'll have to organise another one. Shazam, would you like to respond on the issue around the potential for learning from Dan Mwadag and then, yeah, and then we'll come to the next maybe, Kaelin. You might want to speak to that or someone else as well. Yeah, Shazam, over to you. Sure. So on Barwako specifically, Barwako started back in 2019 and it first started with the relocation of 1,000 families. And then in 2020 with increased funding from IOM and from Dan Mwadag, we relocated additional 1,009 families. So currently there are about 13,000 people settled within Barwako. Now there are plans with funding from the World Bank and a new durable solution program known as Samienta. So Dan Mwadag and Samienta, Samienta is implemented by IOM, UN Habitat and UNDP. And with Dan Mwadag, there are plans to relocate an additional 1,000 families. And as I said, Barwako is now considered as a city extension. So it's part of the urban master plan for Baidoa. Barwako is being used as kind of the model to replicate in different urban centres, so there are plans in other regions such as Jubaland to look at large scale government led relocations. Then we also within Dan Mwadag have a very interesting programme that is being funded by USAID. It's called the Resilience Challenge Fund, whereby we're going to look at specific aspects of Barwako and what made Barwako successful and try and see how we can replicate and scale that. So it's very interesting and it's currently on its kind of piloting phase. So we are first trying to see what we know and what we don't know. Then based on the what we don't know, we're going to do comprehensive research pieces and these comprehensive research pieces are going to lead into pilots, not only in Baidoa but across various locations in Somalia. So there's a lot of there's a lot of opportunities for scale up of the Barwako model. Thanks, Suzanne. Yeah, and I think, yeah, I mean, I think Somalia with the complexity of challenges has also led to some real kind of innovation happening as well, which I think there could be more done to try and learn from and think about how we can adapt and how it might be relevant to use some of those approaches in different contexts as well. Yeah, I think that's partly why we want to have more of these conversations to try and share more of that kind of knowledge and approach. Kaylin, I'm going to turn to you to respond a little bit to GRF question and also to just bring some perspectives from the sort of the policy and kind of systems reform type side. So, yeah, over to you, Kaylin. Sure. Yeah, thank you very much. So I think maybe coming I have a couple sides that I think will speak to some of these questions, but I do think we have opportunities to bring the HLP issue into some of the system and policy conversations that are happening. You've mentioned two of them, so the GRF, I think, is one really important one. The STU's Action Agenda is another. But then we have a couple other options as well. So I think maybe if we can pull up those slides quickly. So I think we've heard a lot today about the different challenges that arise linked to housing and property units linked to solutions. So I'm not going to go into detail, but there's there's a couple mentioned on the screen. I think one is clear that we have systemic barriers to resolving issues. This is not a one-off. This is not something that just happens independently. There's really real issues that we see that are consistent. And so we need to be thinking about that in a more systems way. And also looking at how we sort of bridge the policy to the practice. So we heard a lot about the land act in Sassadan and all of the good things that are included in that. But then when actually push comes to shove, we're not seeing it be implemented at county level. We know HLP issues, as you say, can be a source of conflict, a source of displacement in and of its own right, as well as being a barrier to solutions. And I think that the colleagues from Mali really spoke to that and the challenges that that creates. We know also that failing to address HLP issues can become a barrier to making progress on other issues that are essential for solutions. So the ability to restart agriculture and livelihoods of different forms. And then really, I think this this dramatic risk that evictions can pose in not only driving new issues, but also setting back the gains that have been made on progress to our solution. So I think in this landscape, as you say, a very gloomy picture on some level. But I think also something that there is growing recognition of the need to address both as part of humanitarian response and as part of development. So maybe if we can go to the next slide. So I think what we see is it's clear that HLP needs to be a shared priority and needs to be something that each part of our broader ecosystem takes up and really integrates into the core of its response. And I think that Shazana and Samalia said, you know, on some level, this is really an opportunity to operationalise the nexus. We talk about the nexus as a very abstract kind of up in the clouds concepts sometimes, but I think this is a perfect concrete example of something that can be a shared priority between humanitarian development and peace actors. So I think from NRC's point of view, there's a few issues that stand out as clear priorities for us. One is that HLP needs to be thought about and considered and brought in really from the outside of a crisis that can't just can't be something that waits for years down the line before we start thinking about it. And so we need to think about what that means for us. What does that mean for humanitarian actors? How do we build that into the response from the very beginning? Another is we do need to make sure this is also a priority for the development community and that that somehow links in the middle so that humanitarian actors have someone to partner with when it does come to these broader system issues and something that hasn't come up too much today. But I think is also clear as a priority is it needs to have HLP needs to have an anchor in the coordination system, whatever form that coordination system takes, it needs to factor in somewhere. And we know that the model looks slightly different in different countries and maybe that's fine, but it does need to have a home and that needs to be preserved in whatever sort of iterations of the coordination system we see going forward. We've talked a little bit about making sure HLP comes in to humanitarian and development plans. Shazan mentioned that in Somalia HLP is now reflected as part of the national solution strategy, which is fantastic. And so again, we need to think about how we make that bridge and how we really embed it in the different tools that are at our disposal. And then something that's not on the slide, but should be is I think this question of financing. How does financing enable our work on on housing land and property? How do we make sure that we have the flexibility to be able to adapt? How do we have those crisis modifiers as part of our our program approaches so that we're not just stuck in a single track that then fails to adapt to a changing context? So with these priorities in mind, I think then the question is, well, what do we do about it? And maybe we can go to the next slide. I think what we see right now is in some ways our system is in a point of transition. We see a number of different initiatives and processes that are looking at different parts of this landscape and are looking at how we do this better, not just in relation to HLP, of course, but in relation to our broader structures. So we see efforts to look at whether our humanitarian system is fit for purpose in responding to internal displacement. We see that there's new momentum on solutions, particularly, I would say, around the internal displacement side with the appointment of a special advisor on solutions, but then also, obviously, with the GERF happening this year, I think it's clear that there's a lot of momentum and energy around that. I think we also see renewed attention to the effectiveness of coordination, our coordination architecture and systems. I think there's a recognition that it's pretty heavy at the moment and not always delivering on on what would be needed of a system that's so complex of that nature. And I think there's also sort of ongoing efforts to rethink how we plan our work within the humanitarian community. We obviously have the humanitarian program cycle, which again is a very heavy tool. It has clear benefits and it has a clear purpose. But is it is it is it suiting our needs with the amount of work it takes? So we have these different sort of system processes that are happening right now, and if we can switch to the last slide, I think then the question and the opportunity is how do we build HLP into these different processes? And I think there is actually a very clear entry point. I lied and it might not be the last I don't know. It is last I think there are clear entry points. So when we look at this issue of sort of the question of is the humanitarian system for purpose and responding to internal displacement, we have the I ask independent review of humanitarian response to internal displacement. And one of the questions is how does the humanitarian response lay the foundation for solutions? And I'm sure everybody in this room and online would agree that housing and property is an essential part of that. I know it's something NRC is administratively hosting the review. So I have a bit of insider knowledge, which I will take advantage of and say that I know this is on the sort of priority list for the review team as well as one of the issues they're aware of as really being an essential sort of ingredient of this solutions recipe to stick with the metaphor. And so I think there is an opportunity linked to that. And I think so that you brought up the action agenda on internal displacement. We have Robert Piper, who I think is really bringing a lot of energy to this solution conversation. And he's currently working in 16 countries to drive progress on solutions. And I think all of us can help in making sure that in those 16 countries, HLP is recognised as a priority issue, and we can do that through our organisations, through our permanent or our delegations on the ground to make sure this is on the agenda. And I know it is already coming up in part. Thanks to some of the colleagues on the line as part of the solution strategies and the work he's doing at country level. Next year, he'll be looking at sort of how to consolidate those learnings into more systemic approaches. And I think, again, that's an opportunity to think about how do we really bet these into the tools and the processes that are used for solutions at a system level going forward? And on the coordination side, we have the Ocha flagship initiative, which I'm sure everyone is starting to hear about, which I think is a bit of a rethink on coordination and a bottom up rethink. And so again, I think it's clear that we do need to make sure that HLP comes into whatever future coordination architecture comes out in these four countries where we have the flagship. If it's area based coordination, fine, where does HLP fit within that? How do we preserve the technical expertise and the attention regardless of the different forms coordination can take? And then finally, I think when it comes to sort of how we plan, there is work happening on humanitarian program cycle reform. But I think it also is something that needs to be thought about in the context of the UN sustainable development cooperation framework so that it is again bridging both the humanitarian planning tools and the development planning tools and is really speaking across that entire system. So I think gloomy picture aside, there are opportunities that we can take advantage of to bring HLP into this work and really address it at a policy and a system level. I think one thing that's not on here is all of the opportunities linked to financing, but there is the grand bargain. There is the good humanitarian ownership. We have some of these other sort of ongoing financing conversations. And I think really the importance of the flexibility in the crisis modifiers and the links to HLP can be brought into those discussions as well. I will leave it there, but just to say that I think this is something that also that will require our collective engagement. All of us have foot holds in these different processes. And so if we're able to really use them to push the importance of HLP, it's one way of making sure it's in the agenda. Thanks, Caelian. And yeah, great to kind of make some of the links to some of those sort of systemic policy things that are happening as well that have a massive influence on what we do programmatically. So appreciate that. I'm aware of the time, so thank you for your patience. I'm going to hand over to Ombretta Temprer, who's going to give us some some sort of thoughts from her side as the other co-coordinator of the global HLP, AOR and video and habitat as well. So Ombretta, over to you for a few minutes. And then for us, us here, we'll have to carry on the Q&A just outside there because I think we might get kicked out. I'm not sure how secure our tenure is beyond 50. Thanks. Thank you, Jim. And thanks for all the presenters. So really great presentation. I really enjoyed and learned a lot. I'll not hold you for long, but I would like just to present, to represent some of the things we heard from the development perspective bridging now to the humanitarian. I know that there are the two sides of it. And from your habitat, that's the angle we would like to bring in the HLP or and in this discussion as well. I'll skip some of the slides because I know we are kind of tight. But, you know, when we look at housing land and property rights, sometimes the development community, let's say, looks at it also with different terminology and names and generally the one that is used more commonly, the one that appears, for example, in the sustainable development goal is the land tenure security, which is in a nutshell, you know, who has the right to do what, where, for how long and under which circumstances and conditions, which applies to the housing definitely, but also some of the elements that some of you mentioned, you know, growing food, food security, you know, the case of Mali or natural resources, etc. So when we look at it and we try to address this aspect from the development perspective, we look at it from the land governance perspective, which has the ultimate definitely objective of bringing peace and sustainable development that tackle economic, social and environmental issues. And, you know, the many of you mentioned the policy and legal frameworks that definitely are brought a lot into the monetary and discussion, the HLP discussions. But we see that we need to see also what institutions are there that, you know, that act on these policies and frameworks and what is the land information infrastructure that sustains basically the administrative aspects of this equation. And, you know, when we look at housing, land and property, we definitely look very much and a lot at the land tenure security, basically the rights of the people. But there are other components that we do oversee or we put on the back burner when we are discussing in the humanitarian context, but that definitely need to be addressed and brought in at the same time if we want to establish sustainable development, durable solutions and overall also conflict prevention when we look at the conflict cycle. I'm not going to go into the detailed description, but definitely there is the aspect evaluation of the land, the taxation, the fees, also the, you know, how the public can can use the land and repurpose it, for example, for housing that is placed. Land use is extremely key because if land use is unsustainable in terms of really agriculture, but also natural resources, exploitation, water, definitely, you know, the rights that we allocate on those land will also not be workable on the long term and will lead to disputes and overall the land development. How we stimulate, you know, the construction, for example, of housing. We know that we struggle to provide shelter and housing, but we know that also it's the private sector that at the help provide housing at scale and we saw countries like Syria where basically one third of a housing stock was destroyed, how not only us as humanitarian come in and provide shelter, which definitely can only cover a minimum bit of the housing needs, but how we stimulate actually the private sector and other actors to produce housing so that people can be adequately housed. And lastly, you know, how do we record this information? We saw some example from Syria on how we support the function of the land records, but definitely we cannot protect people from eviction if at the end we do not have a place where we know and that this information is stored or who are the legitimate owners and how we make sure that when we resolve disputes or when we reach negotiated agreements, these negotiated agreements are actually translate into records. And therefore, I mean, we spoke a lot. I mean, and these are my last two slides really on how to tackle housing land and property rights during or let's say in the mid its time of conflicts, you know, when we provide emergency shelter, a little bit moving towards verbal solution, mitigate and resolve land disputes and protect from violations. But at the same time, we basically need to act on what happens in the land governance spectrum before the conflict as complex prevention or after in the recovery phase and overall in the development. And these are really some of the typical intervention that has developmental actors and also some of you mentioned, you know, when you look at the sustainable development frameworks with the national actors, which are really at the key of making this sustainable, how we provide adequate housing at scale, how we clarify and record the land rights in the statutory and customary system, resolve disputes and then, you know, record them as the resolved disputes, how we ensure that sustainable land use in terms of policies, but also administrative framework is put in place and overall that these solutions that we provide are not only technically feasible, but also politically sustainable on the longer term. So with that, I think I would like to thank you and hand over back to Jim for the closure. Thanks. Thanks, Ombretta. Thank you. And yeah, really interesting and super important. How do we think about it from that side of things as well? And how do we better integrate? Yeah, many of the areas you're talking about. And yeah, I was sort of aware of thinking about land value and saw my colleague from the mine action AOR here who, you know, that's something that we're thinking about how what happens when we sort of see land get be cleared and becoming to use and then the land value changes and how do we work that out and what are systems that we can use to capture that? And so, yeah, thank you, everybody, for being here. I'm aware we haven't had really any time for questions and comments and I'm annoyed at myself for that. I was ambitious with what we could fit into this session and I'm really pleased to have heard the inputs from colleagues, but I am aware we haven't heard from others of you. So I want to say sorry for that. And also, this is going to be a conversation that we carry on in the quarterly HLPO meetings with this is going to be a theme that's going to run through. And so hopefully there'll be lots of time to interact in the future. But yeah, I just want to acknowledge that because I'm sorry. I've been to places where I don't get to speak and it winds me up a bit. So and I'm now that person. So there we go. So I'm sorry. But thank you for being with us and thanks so much for the presenters. So many of you and I won't name you all right now. But we'll be sharing the present presentations followed up with some resources as well. And if you're not on the HLPA or mailing list, I'm going to leave if you're in the room, I'm going to leave some cards just on the air. So if you want to email me and then you can get put on that list. And if you're already on that, well, we'll hope to see you again in the future. But yes, please do. Let's carry on a conversation and thanks so much for being here. I think we need to go and bake an HLPA cake to use a recipe medical. But yes, thank you. I'm a good rest of the day and see you soon. Thank you. Have a good afternoon. Thank you. Bye.