 Well, I hope I'm audible now. It should be working now, the audio. I hope it is. All right. Is the audio fine for those who are online? No, it's not adjusted as what they're saying. Okay, yeah, yeah, yeah, it's fine now, it seems. Okay, perfect. Okay, yeah, we'll begin. So last class, we were looking at the doctrine of humanity, of humankind. And so today we will look at the doctrine of sin. Now, if you look in your notes, you have a chapter which combines sin and salvation and then you have one more chapter which combines justification, sanctification and all of that. So in your notes, we basically have nine doctrines mentioned, or maybe 10. Whereas we on the other hand, the 11 was just an introduction, but we have 12 sessions to cover which is why I've kind of separated them. So today we would be looking only at the doctrine of sin. We will deal with salvation as a separate topic, all right? So that we would be able to, go through it in detail and cover all the 12 sessions that we are meant to cover. All right, so today we would be covering only the doctrine of sin and salvation. We will look at that a little later, a few sessions later. So, all right. So when we say sin, we basically mean three different things that are actions which can be sinful or stealing, lying, all of that. They would be attitudes which are sinful. So, pride and greed and jealousy and anger. So we have actions which are sinful. We have attitudes that are sinful, but we also have something on the inside, the very nature, the very human nature which is sinful. So there are three levels of sin operating in the average person. So, if we were to see, let's just say maybe Exodus chapter 20 verse 17 if someone could read out, Exodus 20 verse 17. And if you could just maybe read out the first portion of 2017, that should do. Nor is female servant, nor is ox, nor is donkey, nor anything that's your neighbors. All right, so here it's talking about not coveting, not being greedy for something that does not belong to you. Not wanting to somehow, in a wrong manner, take hold of what does not belong to you. So over here it's talking about it says in this commandment, this is one of the 10 commandments and it says here, you shall not covet. So over here, we see that there can be a sinful action involved where if a person acts on this covetousness and tries to steal, the other person's oxen or donkeys, then or in fact, even their slaves, if they were to try to steal that, that would be a sinful action. But there's also this attitude which we see in this person who is coveting. It does not belong to him, all of those things don't belong to him, but he is wishing that he could make it his and he's kind of thinking in his mind, what can I do to claim these things? How can I get hold of it? So there's also the attitude of covetousness, but why is this person in fact, even thinking these things, it is because inside, on the inside, he has a sinful nature, which is causing him to manifest covetousness it's causing him to manifest jealousy, his jealous of his neighbor, because he has better slaves and better property and maybe a better looking wife, all of that. So the sinful nature inside is manifesting on the outside in different ways. And so it's not just that people are doing something wrong once in a while, it's not that they just sometimes have some sinful attitudes, everything inside them tries to go against what God wants because of the sinful nature, which is there inside people, which is why David is speaking in Psalm 51, it's one of the most well-known famous Psalms, because that's the Psalm where he talks about what he's feeling inside after Nathan confronts him, Prophet Nathan confronts him and says, the adultery which you did is sinful in God's eyes. You thought you got away with it, you thought you escaped, but God knows what you did and God regards what you have done as a sin and there will be a judgment because of that. So after Nathan had spoken those words, this is what David was feeling on the inside. First of all, being a good person, he admitted, he didn't make any excuses. That's one of the first fundamental things that we can do when we are corrected by God. Instead of starting off with a long list of excuses, it's better to just admit that what you have done is sinful. And we see David displaying that he makes no excuses, he admits that what he has done is sinful and now there's a lot of feelings going on inside. He can feel the disapproval of God, the wrath of God. He's scared about the judgment which is to come, but at the same time he can see that God is right in what he has said and he's ashamed of himself too. He sees the sinfulness in him and he says, you know, in Psalm 51 verses four to six, if someone could read out for us, Psalm 51 verses four to six. Have the workers of inequity no knowledge. Who ate of my people as they ate bread? I don't think it's the right verse. Psalm 51 verses four to six. I sinned and done this evil in your sight that you may be found just when you speak and blameless when you judge. So verses four to six. Behold, I was brought forth in inequity and in sin my mother conceived me. Behold, you desired truth in the inwards parts and in the hidden part you will make me to no wisdom. All right, so over here we see in these verses that David admits he says, against you, you only have I sinned. So yes, he in fact sinned against Bathsheba's husband. He sinned against Bathsheba herself. He sinned against his own body. All of these things are there, but he understands that ultimately, God what I did was displeasing to you. What I have done is sinful against you. And that is why he says, you are right in your verdict and you are justified when you are judging me is what he says. And then he goes on to say, I have been sinful in my attitudes right from the time I was conceived. It's something that he understands about himself. He looks at himself, looks at what he has done and he probably asks himself, why did I do something so terrible? Where was my brain? What was I thinking? And he realizes that his entire life, his attitudes have always been sinful. The inclinations of his heart have always been towards doing wrong. And so he needs like a revelation to him. And he says, from the time I was conceived, from the time I was in the womb, I always seem to have been inclined more towards sinfulness. So he says, surely I was sinful at birth, sinful from the time my mother conceived me, he says. And then he says in the next verse, he says, yet you desired faithfulness even in the womb, you taught me wisdom in that secret place. Now, obviously, we got to understand in what sense he's saying these sentences because in verse five when he says, from the womb I was sinful, obviously it is not saying that little fetus, inside the mother's womb was busy committing sinful deeds, it's a little impossible. So he's basically saying the attitude of that little fetus, even before it had a chance to act out its nature, already in its nature, it was sinful. And so once the baby is born and once the child is old enough to start standing up on its feet and moving around, from that time itself, the child begins to display its nature. It begins with very, very small acts, the mummy says something and then that little toddler stubbornly says no. So it starts off at that stage itself. And then when they grow up a little more, then they realize, oh, I can cover up what I did. So now it's not just a matter of saying no to mummy, you do what you want and then you cover it up so that mummy will not know that you did it. So you see now you become a little more intelligent so that nature, which is inside, starts displaying on the outside. And so he makes a very right, correct observation. He says, from the time of my birth I have been sinful is what he admits. And then he says, in verse six, he says, yet you desired faithfulness even in the womb, you taught me wisdom in that secret place. Now over here, is he saying that God was giving training to the fetus and saying, what, when you're born, you should do this, this, this? No, it's basically saying that God has put that inside the heart of each human, that they should know what is right, what is wrong. So even that little unformed fetus, which is still developing, already has been placed with the moral absolutes of God inside it's, inside it's being. So when the child begins to grow, at the age of two or the age of three, they begin to sense what is right and what is wrong. In the sense the parents tell them, the parents say, no, do this, don't do this. And so they begin to kind of understand that there is such a thing as right and such a thing as wrong. But even on their own, you see, once they have crossed the age of three, even if the parent has directly not said, don't do something, they sense it immediately. When they do something wrong, they realize that, oh, what I'm doing is a little fishy, not good. It is something that has been placed inside that person in the womb itself. So in that sense it says, in the womb itself, God placed this instinctive knowing that he wants faithfulness, he wants wisdom, he wants what is good. But the evil side, the evil nature which is there in that person takes control. So which is why, even though the person knows instinctively that what is good and what is bad, they are unable to freely accept what is good and they get led away. So regarding this, John Calvin, he came up with a technical term to describe this nature of humans. He called it total depravity or depravity, depending on how we pronounce it. He called it total depravity. He was not saying that humans are completely depraved as in they'll only do evil. We do good as well, but he meant total depravity in the sense it's a complete inability to reach up to God's perfect standards. So every human suffers from this. We have this total inability to reach up to the standards that God has set for us. So a person may be a very loving and committed father and husband and all of that, but that very, very loving man, when he goes to the office, if his boss is ill treating him and treating him harshly, that same person, loving person may struggle to show love towards the boss. So you see, he is trying to reach up to some standards of love, but he's unable to reach the entire, he's unable to go the entire distance and display complete divine God-like love. So he is falling short of the required standards, I mean, in the same way. There may be a person who is being sincere in all of their outward deeds. They go to church regularly, they read the Bible without fail, they spend time in prayer, they're doing everything, but inside they have no control over their internal attitudes. On the outside, when someone comes and says something rude to you, you have learned how to smile and keep your mouth closed. You don't say anything, but what do you do with that hatred which is building up on the inside? That too is sin in God's eyes. So these are all the issues that we face when we are trying to fight against sin on our own. So this is what Paul says about himself. I think we in fact touched upon that in one of the previous sessions, Philippians 3.6, he says, I mean, he's kind of talking about his past life and he's talking about how he's, in fact, when it comes to Jewish traditions, he's like the ultimate. He has everything in his background which can establish him as the ultimate Jew, the most ideal role model of how a Jew should be. So talking about those things, he says, when it came to zeal, religious zeal, I was like the best. And one of the things that he says over there in Philippians 3.6, he says, as for righteousness based on the law, faultless. I have been faultless when it comes to righteousness which is based on the law, you know, which is like all about the outward things. He's a man who always went to the temple and did every single ritual required of him. He is one person, when it came to tithing, he would make sure that every little bit has been tithed. He was one person, and it came to giving arms to the poor and all of those things which were expected of them. He did all of those things. But then in Romans 7, when he talks about what's going on inside, no, he talks about the constant battle going on between him and sin inside, that he had no control over, that he could not help. And so we see, that is why it says in James 2.10 I mean, again, scripture which we have looked at earlier, whoever keeps the whole law and yet stumbles at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it. So Paul who was faultless in the way he kept the mosaic law, even he failed miserably because inside, he could not control what was going on. He could not rectify that, he could not change that. And which is why it says in Romans 3.20, if someone can read out Romans 3.20, please. Therefore, by the deeds of the law, no flesh will be justified in his side, for by the law is the knowledge of sin. Okay, so here it says, no one will be declared righteous in God's sight by the works of the law, because we all fail in keeping the law. Rather, through the law, we become conscious of our sin. Could we have people reading out from Bibles which have normal English, because when we read out from the, I don't know, from whatever versions are being read out, nothing comes across, we just have a bunch of very nice sounding words. But if we can just have people reading out from normal translations, which you are using current day English, because see, this is what he's actually saying over here he says, no one will be declared righteous in God's sight by the works of the law. Rather, through the law, we become conscious of our sin. So all that law is doing is that it's making us aware that I'm not meeting up to the standards. The law is showing me that these are the standards that God has laid, but the law is also pointing out that, see, you have not been able to meet those standards. So the more we try to keep the law, the more we become aware of our sinfulness and we realize that we can never be declared righteous in God's sight by the works that we do. All right? So this being the case, why do we have this sinful nature? Just to look at very briefly at the background of why we have a sinful nature. Of course, we've not been to the entire Adam and Eve story because we're already familiar with that. But just to read out one scripture, Romans chapter five verse 12. If someone could read out Romans five verse 12. Therefore, just as through one man, sin entered the world and death through sin and thus death spread to all men because all sinned. Yeah. So you see it's saying so plainly over there. Sin entered the world through one man and once sin had entered the world through one man and we know who that is, right? Adam. So Adam and Eve are the ones who are, but only Adam is mentioned over here in this verse, not Eve because Adam had the free will to say no to Eve if he had wanted to. So even though he was basically the spiritual head of that particular couple, that particular family unit, he chose to act upon what his wife is saying. He chose to take his decision against God rather than for God and participate with her in the sin. So God holds him accountable. So it's it. Sin has entered the world through one man, it says. And now because of him, all have sinned, you know, it says. So and in this way, death came to all people because all sinned. So all of humanity, not just Adam and Eve, all of us have inherited that sinful nature. Go ahead. So one of the consequences, one of the byproducts of sin is that it has brought death along with it. Yes. And it's so clear in the way it says in the, okay, we just had one student reading out from GNB, the Good News Bible and the wording is very, very clear over there. Yeah. So what did God do regarding this thing, this action of Adam and Eve, which he knew beforehand itself, you know, he knew that it would lead to the fall of humanity. So what did God do regarding that? Maybe one verse that we can look at about that. First Peter one verse 20. You know, we're not really getting into the details of all of these verses because we're already familiar with the concepts. So, you know, we're not wasting time on concepts that which we are already familiar with. We'll just look at the verses which pertain to that and, you know, keep and keep moving. So first Peter one, 20, if someone could read out. He indeed was foreordained before the foundation of the word, but was manifest in these last times for you. Okay. So, so he over here, the he, so Jesus Christ that is being mentioned, Christ Jesus, you know, it says in that translation, he was foreordained. Someone appointed him in the NIV, it just says in normal English. Jesus Christ was chosen before the creation of the world. So when was he chosen? Before the creation of the world itself, he was chosen. And now he's being revealed, you know, in these last times, because now it was the correct time for him to come down to the earth and perform his work on the cross. So God was, it's not that God was suddenly caught unaware when Adam and Eve sinned. God already knew that this would happen and God had already arranged the redemption plan, you know, at that time itself. So even before the creation of the world, God had already chosen and appointed Jesus Christ to be able to redeem us from our sins. So we see that in the scriptures, sin is almost described like a independent force, like an independent entity, right from Genesis itself, we kind of see that of course, you know, in Paul's Roman seven thing, you know, he says, I want to do what is good. I'm not able to do it because it's not me. Because in my mind, I want to, you know, please God, I want to keep the law, but there's something else in my members, he says, you know, which is sin. And that sin is making me do that which is wrong. He almost talks of it like as if it's one, independent force, almost like as if it's some kind of independent entity, which is no ordering him and making him do what is wrong. And we see the same idea right in the beginning in Genesis chapter four itself. So if someone could read out, Genesis four verse seven, Genesis four, seven. If you do well, will you not be accepted? And if you do not do well, sin lies at the door and its desire is for you, but you should rule over it. So it says sin lies at the door for that word which is used over there, the Hebrew word that comes out better in the other translation where it says sin is crouching at your door. It's almost like a animal, like a wild animal, which is like crouching, waiting to pounce. If you allow the door to be opened, it'll come inside and it will attack. So right there in the very, very beginning, God is speaking to Cain and he's saying, you just need to change your attitude. You came and offered your sacrifice. Abel also came and offered his sacrifice. I found Abel's sacrifice acceptable, but yours was not acceptable. So obviously you have done something which has not pleased me and looks like in this case, Cain knew what it is that was lacking on his side. So God is saying, why don't you rectify that? Why don't you correct it? Because you know what I have found displeasing about your particular sacrifice. Why are you not willing to act upon that? And so he says, if you do what is right, will you not be accepted? But if you do not do what is right, something very much, much more dangerous is awaiting you. It's not just you making a mistake, it's you opening your door and allowing a wild, wild animal to come and take over. And once it takes control, you will not be able to control the consequences. And that's exactly what happens. Even after God has given that warning, given that warning so lovingly, Cain refuses to act upon that. He does not close the door. He keeps that door open. And so you literally have sin coming inside, taking over, yes, no control over himself. His rage continues building, building, building to a point where he actually murders his brother. So sin is a force that has been released into the world because of what Adam did. And now because we also have the sinful nature inside us, we are unable to do what is good. So maybe we could also look at the Romans 7 passage, which is slightly lengthier passage, but then it talks about the frustration that he's facing, that Paul is facing. And it talks about sin literally almost being like a independent force, which is acting upon him. So even as we read that particular passage, just kind of follow the wording and try to see where it talks about sin, how it is sin who is living in him, which is making him do those things. You know, look at the wordings that Paul very, very carefully under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, the kind of wordings that he uses over there. So Romans chapter 7, if we could read out verses 15 up to 20, Romans 7, 15 to 20. For what I am doing, I do not understand. For what I will to do that I do, not practice, but what I hate that I do. If then I do what I will not do, I agree with the law that it is good. But now it is no longer, I who do it, but sin that dwells in me, for I know that in me, that is in my flesh, nothing good dwells, for to will is present with me. But how to perform what is good, I do not find. For the good that I will to do, I do not do, but the evil I will not do, not to do, that I practice. Now, if I do what I will not to do, it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells in me. So we have over here, he says in verse 16 or verse 15, verse 15, he of course starts off by saying, what I want to do, I do not do. What I hate to do, that I'm actually doing is what he says. And then in verse 17, he says, it is no longer I myself who do it, but it is sin living in me, he points out. And of course, all of these verses are verses which are talking about his life. Before he accepts the Lord Jesus, has this encounter with the Lord Jesus, because in the very next chapter, he talks about how Jesus Christ set him free from this whole mess, you know. So even, so sorry, in verse 20, he says, it is again, he repeats, he says, now if I do what I do not want to do, it is no longer I who do it, but it is sin living in me that does it. You know, so sin is like a slave master, it controls, it forces you to do things that you know, so when the little child is still in the womb, God has placed in that little child, a knowing about what is good and what is bad. The child already knows it. And as the child grows, the child wants to be good. It's a desire, it's already there, the desire is there, but a child cannot actually do good in all instances, you know, on all occasions, in every way to the level that God wants because of this sinful master, the slave master who is always driving this person towards what is evil. And that is why a lot of people, they feel ashamed of what they are doing. It's not that they enjoy it, there are of course those who have, you know, hardened their conscience and they enjoy their sin, but a lot of people actually feel ashamed of what they are, what they are becoming, but they don't know how to make, you know, how to get rid of that state of being. On the other hand, a believer is not in that helpless condition, a believer on the other hand is able to overcome sinfulness. So let's look at Romans chapter eight, verse five, which looks at the victory which we have. Romans eight, five. For those who live according to the flesh, set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the spirit, the things of the spirit. Okay, so over here, the believer has a choice to choose whether they want to place their minds on the things of the flesh, just like the rest of the world, or if, whether they would like to keep their minds on the things of the spirit because believers are a new creation, they are no longer under the control of the slave master. So they can actually make a choice. They can allow their mind to go on dwelling on the things which the rest of the world is dwelling upon, or they can say, no, I will renew my mind and I will set my mind on the things which please God, they do have a choice to, you know, for this other option. And this is something which is not available to, you know, unbelievers who have not yet accepted the Lord. So, yeah, you know, it's basically Romans chapter six verse a six and seven, which we have talked about many, many times where it says very plainly that the old self was crucified with Christ. So, which is why as a new creation, now we have the choice, we have the free choice to choose whether we want to dwell, keep our minds on Godly things which please the spirit, or we want to continue, you know, entertaining in our minds the things which the world is chasing after. So, coming to the, you know, the word that is used in the New Testament about sin, and of course we have heard this, you know, in a lot of sermons, the term that is used one of the most common Greek words that is used for sin in the New Testament is the word ha-mar-tia. So that word ha-mar-tia, H-A-M-A-R-T-I-A ha-mar-tia, that word basically means missing the mark. That's the most common term. There are many other terms also used for sin in the New Testament and in the Old Testament, but the most common one that we find, in fact, I think, I don't know if it was in your notes or somewhere else that I read it, you know, if you were to look at that particular word and it's Hebrew equivalent, you would see that word being mentioned 900 times in the Old and New Testament. This term which talks about missing the mark and that word is used for sin, where a person has missed the mark. Now this was a term that you would use in archery. Now those who are not familiar with that word archery, that's basically shooting with bow and arrow. That's basically archery. So it's an archery term as in, you know, you miss the mark. And an example that is used to bring out the meaning of that term, you know, they use the example of Judges chapter 20 verse 16. If we can have someone read out Judges 20 verse 16. Okay, so they were these soldiers, 700 of them who had a special skill with the bow and arrow. And it says over here, you know, someone can stand over there holding a single hair. Okay, you just hold one single hair in your hand and you stand over there. They can hit with the arrow so accurately that they know they will hit the, that one strand of hair which you are holding. So if that arrow goes a little that side, it will miss the hair. The arrow comes a little this side, that poor man was holding the hair will die. But they're able to hit so accurately, you know, it says over here that they can sling a stone at a hair and not miss. Okay, so, okay, I guess they do their practice with stones before actually trying it out with bow and arrow. So yeah, so the guy holding the hair would only get stoned. He at least would not get shot with an arrow. But yeah, the whole point they're making over here is that these are troops who are so skillful in the way that they can fight. So they never miss the mark. They're exactly on target. And that is what God expects of us. So when that little baby is still being formed in the womb, you know, God puts that, those moral absolutes in the child's heart. And it's like God is saying, you know, this is the standard I have set. This is the mark which I want you to hit every single time. This is the standard I want you to maintain is what God puts inside each of our hearts, which is why people feel guilt when they sin because they instinctively realize, oh, I have missed that mark. That target which God is set for me, I missed it. So people have that understanding they realize it, which is why in Romans 3.23, and we're very, very familiar with that verse, if someone could just read it out, Romans 3.23, it says, we all fall short. We know what the standards are. We know what God has set in place, but we are in unable. We fall short of what is required. And so, you know, people talk a lot about sins of commission and omission, and they talk about how sins of commission is something which we do most of the time. But I think the biblical emphasis is more on sins of omission. God is not so much interested in what you do in outward show. He's more interested in with what motive you do it, with what kind of a heart you're doing it. So I think, you know, sins of omission is something more that we actually fall more into sins of omission. Of course, we fall into sins of commission as well. So what do I mean by this whole thing about omission and commission and all of that? You know, sins of omission would be basically failing to do good that we know that we should do. So God has already finished setting his standards. He has said, you know, these are the things that I want you to do. This is what will please me. So we already know what is good, what is expected of us, but we fail to meet that. Even though we are aware that those are good things to do, we are unable to do them. So that would be sins of omission in the sense. We, I mean, especially if we are believers, we can sense the Holy Spirit inside us telling us to do those things. For instance, if someone is in need, we feel that inside our hearts, you must reach out and help that person in some way. But we choose to just ignore that leading. That would become a sin of omission. You have not broken any law. You have not gone and punched anyone on the nose. You have not lied. You have not stolen anything. You've not done any of those things, but in your heart, you know that that person is struggling and you are in a position to help them, but it's going to take time. It's going to take effort. It's going to probably take some money and you don't really want to get involved. What you have done is a sin of omission. You knew that the good that you're supposed to do, but you have chosen not to do it. So that would be a sin of omission. So James 417 is the most popular verse that is used to explain that. If someone could read out, James 417. Yeah, now that's a good translation it says. They know the right thing to do, but they don't do it, okay? So that would be a sin of omission. Why have these planes decided to change their flight route? They won't come back again. How do you know they spoke to you personally? Yeah, sorry. Romans 514, if someone could read, because that also talks about sin of omission. In fact, it talks about both types of sin. Yeah, so if someone could read out Romans 514 over here, it's talking about how death is raining even over those people who did not sin by breaking a command, okay? So they have not broken a direct command. They have not gone and stolen something. They have not murdered someone, but they have also not done the good which they know they should have taken with the initiative to go forward and do the good which they are sensing in their heart, but they have not done that. So even such people are under the reign of death because they too have sinned. So it talks about how Adam actually broke a direct command. He broke a direct instruction given by God, but even people who have not broken direct commands given by God, they too are sinful because even though they sense in their heart that they are meant to do certain things, they have not gone and done the good which they know that they should do. So in that sense, they too have missed the mark. So a very pertinent example that we can use in fact would be the parable of the good Samaritan which you would find in Luke chapter 10 verses 25 to 37, being a very, very familiar parable. We will not get into the details, but look at that priest and the Levite who pass by. There's that man lying over there half dead and they must be aware that if they leave him lying over there without any medical help, he's gonna die. They are aware of that, but what does this priest and the Levite do in the parable? They look at him and they act like as if they've not seen and they go on because they have spiritual duties to perform. They need to go to the temple and do the things which are required over there and if they get late for the job, then how? So they know in their heart what they should do but they do not do it. So those would be your sins of omission because we talk a lot about the sins of commission and we say you should not break the laws which God has placed. We should be careful not to defy his instructions. So we are very, very aware of that, but let's take a moment to also examine ourselves and ask ourselves on a daily basis, how many sins of omission are we doing? Maybe we're not breaking any direct instruction, but there are a whole bunch of things that the Lord expects us to be doing. And so are we doing even that or are we missing the mark? So if we don't do those things, we are actually missing the mark. So in this sense, okay, yeah, maybe we can look at one more verse, Matthew chapter 23 verse 23, if someone can read out, Matthew 23, 23. Who woe to you scribes and Pharisees, Hypo, Hypo, Sritis, for you pay tithe of mint and anise and coming and have neglected the witter matters of the law, justice and mercy and faith, this you ought to have done without leaving the others undone. Okay, here it's talking about how, they are very, very careful when it comes to tithing, but Jesus says, you have neglected the more important matters of the law, justice, mercy, faithfulness. And then he goes on to say, you should have practiced the latter without neglecting the former. So you should be very, very careful about following the direct laws of God which have been laid down, like the whole tithing thing and all of that. But at the same time, you should also be doing the other category where it's not clearly said, do this, this, this, but it's indicated in those direct laws. So they're just why it says, it's not enough to just follow the letter of the law, you should also be following the spirit of the law. What is that law trying to convey? The love that it is trying to convey, the righteousness which that particular law is standing up for, you should be doing even those aspects which are not mentioned literally in the lettering, but it's expected in the attitude of that law which was laid out, then you should be able to fulfill even those. And so if God's mark, the mark that he has set is that high, it becomes impossible for any human to do it on their own. So coming to sins of commission, that's just basically, you directly disobeying or breaking a commandment that God has given. So God's will is some particular thing and you are doing something else which is not God's will. So each time we do something which is not God's will and we are doing the opposite of what he's asking us to do, that just becomes a sin of commission. For instance, the people in the Old Testament, he told them, you shall keep the Sabbath, on that day you shall not work. So they went and did exactly the opposite, they worked on that day. So God's will was that they should rest and not work, they did the exact opposite, they actually went and worked in one of the former classes, we had looked at an example of that. We had looked at Nehemiah chapter 13 verses 15 to 22, where the people were so eager to do the exact opposite that they would actually wait near the gates, trying to get in on the Sabbath day so that they can do their own business. So they were going directly against God's will, against God's instruction. So that would be a sin of commission. It's a third way that we can sin. We can be doing very, very good things, but maybe those are not good things that God wanted us to do. Maybe he actually, his purpose for us was to do something else. So just if you're busy doing a lot of good things, that does not necessarily mean that you are in the will of God, a person can choose to be doing many, many good things and still be outside God's will, if they are not following his leading, if they are ignoring his leading, yeah. Yeah, so the question raised was about a person who is ministering to people. So ministering to people is always a good thing, but what if they are neglecting their own quiet time with the Lord? So that is something that is important to the Lord. So it would be a matter of balancing all aspects of life and doing everything in line with God's will, yes. So that would definitely be an example. So in the same way, a person, they sense in their heart that God does not want them to take up that particular job, but then the pay over there is higher, the perks over there are greater. So you just ignore that leading in your heart and you go ahead and you take that particular job, even though you're achieving a lot in that job and doing a lot for that organization, it's not what God wanted. So even when doing good things, yes, it is possible to move away from, move into disobedience. So yes, that is a third way that we could end up sinning against the Lord. So now it's 9.50, so we'll take our break. So if you can come back and log in once again at 10 o'clock please, you're free to go.