 Here we are in lovely Honolulu for the 38th annual Pacific Telecommunications Council annual conference and I am delighted to be able to have on stage with me Secretary General Hu Lin Zhao of the ITU and Dr. Robert Pepper who is the Vice President for Global Technology Policy at Cisco and we're here to talk about IoT and lots of people talk about IoT but really what we'd like to cover is the implications of IoT for the developing world. So Mr. Secretary General, what do you see as being the major opportunities in the way that the Internet of Things as a technology can really help address the problems, the enormous problems that the developing world is facing? Definitely, definitely. I think that IoT as a concept has been developed for some time. Now I see this concept is accepted everywhere in the world. Last year, United Nations developed sustainable developing goals with 17 goals defined. If you look at these 17 goals covering from adding poverty, public health, public education, everything then you will see that IoT can offer extraordinary opportunities to assist these 17 goals. In my opinion, without ICT and telecom, without this Internet of Things concept being put in place I think that it will be difficult to achieve those goals by the end of 2030. And the most important observation I would like to share with you is that when I visit developing countries, everywhere they talk about Internet of Things and particularly those young generation people, small, medium-sized entrepreneurs they use their knowledge of ICT and telecom technologies. They understand their market. They see the challenges to their society. They try to help with their own solutions. And if we engage all of these people with those communities I think that we will be able to achieve our goals very, very rapidly. So I'm very pleased to have the opportunity to work with Cisco to publish this IoT report for developing countries. So Pepper, when it comes to the actual benefits of the IoT to the developing world can you give us some case examples maybe of what one would think of there? So why is IoT important for the developing world? IoT is one of the defining and transformational technologies of our time. It has the opportunity to improve the quality of life for millions if not billions of people across the developing world. Just a couple of really concrete examples. The first has to do with medicine. Smart sensors save lives and a really good example is 20% of the medicine that is used in especially the rural areas of developing countries goes bad because it gets too warm. It's spoiled. It's not effective. And if there are now sensors that can be placed in refrigerators that can tell people, the clinic, the nurse whether the temperature has gotten too high, whether the medicine has been spoiled and this is in addition to understanding and keeping the temperatures from the beginning to end from manufacturing all the way out to the field. This is saving lives. A second example is water security, safe water to drink. There are over a billion people on earth on the planet that do not have safe drinking water. So one of the problems is in especially rural areas, people have to walk maybe half a day to a well to find drinking water and then they need to make sure it's safe. With new IoT technology with smart pumps, we know if there's water even available. Second, we know if the water that's available at that pump is safe. So we can improve health, we can improve water security and we can get water for people to drink faster. It's going to be much more efficient. And again, smart sensors can save lives. I guess the basic question is what does this all mean for your role at the ITU and how you see things unfolding? ITU as a specialized UN agency for global telecom and ICT development has put connecting people, connecting the world as its mandate. And we worked with our industry, with our partners to develop global standards, industry standards to offer the always better telecom technologies, ICT technologies. We also encourage our community to create a better environment for investment for new technologies. And in my opinion, Internet of Things cannot become true if you have no spectrum associated with it. And also in my opinion, in the future, no innovation can be done with effective, without assistance of spectrum. So ITU is the only UN agency to take care of these spectrum coordination issues. It's only global competent authority to work on this issue. So ITU is very pleased to offer its capacity to help our community with standards, with spectrum, with capacity building, with innovation, encouraging approach to develop new technologies to connect the world with always better technologies for a better life. For the people that don't want to delve into the report in detail, Pevere, can you help explain maybe the major conclusions and where we should go from here as far as successfully executing upon the recommendations in the report? So what do we need to do next? We have three key actions that we've identified in the report, and this is going to be part of the contribution to the UN Broadband Commission. The first is we have to really take hold of the moment. We have to act now. We cannot wait because the industrialized world is moving very fast on deploying and using machine-to-machine devices and the Internet of Things, and we cannot afford a new digital divide. We must do this and we must do this now. Second, we need to invest early. And by investing, what I mean is, number one, spectrum. The ITU is unique. Only the ITU really manages and helps countries globally manage global spectrum. We need more spectrum, the right spectrum in the right types of places with a whole new set of requirements to meet the needs of the IoT. Second, we need global standards because we need interoperability. We need the ability to move down that manufacturing curve that's going to further reduce the costs of all of those devices and sensors. Third, on the investment, we need data centers. We need reliable power. We need data centers everywhere. We need the global flow of information across those data centers in order to enable the IoT. And then the third recommendation, the third call to action is build trust. None of this is going to work. Nobody is going to use it unless we trust it. And what that means is we need to have, from the beginning, design in, security by design, privacy by design. And it's going to require all of the players. Industry, it's going to require collaboration. It's going to require working with governments with standard bodies to have the R&D and have the work that's needed for security and privacy. And if we can combine those together, we'll help build the trust. Working with the ITU, and this has been just great, and I want to thank the ITU. I want to thank the Secretary General for his leadership and for working with us on this. And we're looking forward to making this real and we cannot wait. Well, this has been really eye-opening for me because when most people think about the Internet of Things, they think about things like connected toasters and connected refrigerators, the opportunity to leverage these technologies to actually dramatically improve and transform social welfare. So this is great. Thank you so much, Secretary General Zhao, Dr. Robert Pepper from Cisco. We really appreciate your time today. Thank you.