 Lithium-sulfur and lithium-oxygen batteries have been extensively researched over the last decade due to their high theoretical energy density and abundant sulfur and oxygen sources. However, the complexity of the cell chemistry and the lack of understanding of the sodium-based battery systems have hindered the development of practical devices. Lithium-sulfur and lithium-oxygen batteries have shown promising results, but sodium-based batteries may offer even greater advantages due to its abundance and lower cost. This article was offered by Philippa del Helm, Pascal Hartmann, Konrad Elbender and others.