 Yes sir. Thank you sir. Pushpendra, you appeared for civil services also? No sir, not this year sir. Not this year sir. Not this year sir. Okay. And your field, Shimla is your examination center? Sir, it was Delhi sir. Last year it was Shimla. Pushpendra Singh, right? Yes sir. What choice of examination is? Sir. What choice of examination is? Sir. What choice of examination is? Sir. What choice of examination is? Sir. Sir. Sir. Sir. Sir. This is, this is the old one, that you are giving old, not the new one? I have given the new one sir, I think. I don't know. We are having the old one. That's how it is. Is everything the same? Yes sir. Will you have made any changes? Everything is same sir. You are in UNGC? I have resigned sir. You are resigned? Yes sir. Okay. Why you are resigned? Sir, my work sir, I wasn't feeling for, it wasn't fulfilling sir. My work there is, can be characterized as user support. What I do is, I copy files, I keep the printers working and such other things sir. I felt I can, there was no scope for learning or improving my skills. I felt I could be doing more and contributing more sir. Okay. Okay. And this is your sixth chance? This one would be seventh sir. Seventh? Yes sir. You have more chances? Yes sir. Okay. Tell me about biodiversity heritage sites. You heard of this? Yes sir. What are these sites? Sir, under the Biological Diversity Act 2006, certain sites can be characterized at. Biological Diversity Act 2000? 2006 sir. 2002. Right sir. I am sorry sir. 2002 sir. So under it, there is a provision for characterizing biodiversity heritage sites. These are sites which are rich in biodiversity. There are endemic species. There is multi-city of species. Where those can be, those sites, which areas, those can be designated as biodiversity sites. Sir, any ecosystem which is rich in species, which has endemism, which is rare species or which needs conservation? No, outside the forest, outside the forest, private land, revenue land, where? Sir, certainly not inside the protected areas. This is another mechanism for conservation, sir. But I am not sure if it is. Is it written somewhere that is certainly not within the protected areas? Sir, I think in the Wildlife Protection Act, sir, it isn't there. So if an area is designated as protected area, it doesn't need any more conservation. It doesn't need any more, that is right. But nowhere it is written that it cannot be. I am inferring that, sir, yes. Okay. You have appeared civil services before? Yes, sir. How many times? Sir, this would be my seventh attempt. I have always appeared both in civil and forest services. Okay. You see, in the civil services you would have seen we have so many account services, P&T account service, Auditant account service, Civil account service, Railway account service. Why do we need all these account services? Can't those be merged and made one Indian account service or something? Sir, the government is divided into many departments and the work of these departments are very much different from one another. So in certain departments, for example, the Postal Department or Defense State Department, the requirements may be very different. Accounting system, overall Indian account system, whatever we call it, it is same for the government. So do you think officer of Railways account service or he cannot work in defense account or civil account or anywhere else? Sir, a particular knowledge of the working of the field would be more helpful in accounting, sir. So, of course, the mathematics would be or the accounting part would be the same. But if I am aware of the working of the Railways. But now Railways have merged all the services into one? Yes. Then account also is merged, this traffic also merged, everything is merged. Where that thing goes, so it means they will be at a disadvantage. Sir, I think they are striking the right balance. Inside the Railways there is one service. Okay, just tell me. Government employees, there is a stipulation something regarding marriage. That government employees can marry once or twice or something. Hindus can marry only once? Yes. One surviving wife they can have at a time? Yes. Okay. Muslims they can have more than one? Yes. But what government employees, government Muslim employees? Sir, I am sorry, I am not particularly aware of the provisions. But the government does ask how many children one has. I am talking about spouse, not the children. Right, sir. I am not aware of the provisions, sir. Okay. We have external audit projects. External audit projects. You heard about that? Yes, sir. What are those? Sir, there are development institutions or development banks internationally which give aid to us in order to help us develop. For example, the World Bank is there, the Asian Development Bank is there. What is the objective of having an external audit project? Only finances or something else? Sir, primarily it is the finances also they add to the capacity of the government. They have certain skills, they have certain knowledge which they can transfer from the international domain to the country. And when the project is over then what that particular department is supposed to do? Sir, certainly there should be some sustainability in these projects. There should be some transfer of skills to the people who are involved in this. We carry forward and we are less and less dependent on these institutions. Okay. Hello, Pushkin. Sir. You listen to podcasts. Yes, sir. So, where do you listen? Which website or at what platform? Sir. An Android app, sir. A pod bean. Sorry, pod bean. Pod bean. Okay. So, which podcast do you listen to? Sir, my favorite one would be it is called the Infinite Monkey Cage. It is by a renowned scientist of CERN, Brian Cox. There are others as well such as Star Talk. These are all about sciences, specifically space sciences, cosmology, cosmogenic physics, etc. There is also one podcast by Richard Dawkins, an evolutionary, a very renowned evolutionary biologist. I also listen to comedy, sir. Last year there was some controversy regarding Joe Rogan's podcast. And many people call it unscientific or spreading fake news or rumors also. What was the controversy about? Sir, I have heard of some of Mr. Joe Rogan's podcast but I am not particularly aware of which controversy you are talking about, sir. Okay, all right. Why you want to join the forest services? Sir, I feel that they cannot be a better office than forests. Especially the opportunity to work in far-flung areas among wilderness in forests to conserve wildlife and to work with people, sir. So, that is my inspiration to work in forests. I also feel that the prospects it's provided should help me fully utilize myself and to contribute to the best of my ability, sir. Okay. So, you will have almost, let's say you get selected this year. You will have almost 30 years of service ahead of you. So, what will be the challenges that you will be encountering in the next 30 years as a forest service officer? So, the most important challenge that the forest sector is facing right now is the deterioration of the forest that we already have. Basically, the encroachment or the fragmentation of the forests. The climate change is of course a very important issue. Other than this, illegal mining is one issue which the foresters very much face. Illicit felling is their conservation of wildlife, conservation of biodiversity. Equitable utilization of biodiversity, upliftment of the populations living in the fringes of the forests, sir. Also, I feel that the forest department could use some information and communication technology to modernize the departmental work, especially to increase the transparency, accountability and basically the efficiency of the office work. What will be the role of forest service officer with regard to particularly the climate change that is happening? I think, sir, the forest officers have a very pertinent role, a very upfront role in this. The foremost way for fighting climate change would be to have more forests, to have more vegetation, to have more land cover, to increase the biomass both above and below the ground, to have more wetlands, to conserve the wetlands that we already have, to decrease pollution, sir. So, I feel they have a very important role, sir. Okay. What qualities do you have which will make you a very good forest service officer? Sir, I have love for outdoors. I think I have curiosity. I like to explore. I can take initiatives even when I am not being asked for them. I do have integrity and I believe I am compassionate. Okay. So, you have worked in Dehradun? Yes, sir. So, what places did you explore near Dehradun? Sir, nearby there is Rajaji forests. The Motichur range is there. The FRI also is right beside my officer. I have been to the museums as well. The Asan barrage is there, which is a wetland of international importance. I have also been to forests near Yamunan Ganga. Dehradun is in between these two rivers. I have also been to Southern Alti. There is a pristine Deodhar forest there, sir. I have also been to George Everest estate, sir. These are the places that are nearby, sir. I have also been to Valliflar National Park, Gangotri National Park, Dudatoli reserve forests, Chakrata and a few other places as well. Okay, all right. So, you have done your bit in exploring. Yes. All right. So, you are a computer science engineer. Yes. Tell me, what is a full stack developer? Sir, in context of web development, a full stack developer is somebody who develops the front end as well as the back end and also the database behind the back end, sir. Usually, what we see is, in case of big websites, we divide the work among software engineers. A small group develops the front end, which is basically the look and feel of the website that one can see on the web browser, sir. But in the back end, at the server side, there are scripts that are running. There is databases. There is normalization of data and many such other tasks. So, a full stack web developer is somebody who knows both these aspects. Why there is increased demand of full stack developer? Sir, I am not particularly aware of this trend, but I think probably it may be because people, the companies are trying to cut down on employees, sir. Okay, all right. Because these are two very different aspects, sir. So, I would recommend to have individual developers for front end and back end, sir. Okay. You know about something about web 3? Yes, sir. Web 3.0? A little bit, sir. Okay. Any utility for environmental protection? Sir, one utility could be the quintessence of Web 3.0 is that it is a distributed web system. So, the dissemination of information or the fake news cannot be there anymore. The departmental news or the department of opportunities could reach the people very well. The people themselves can contribute to such platforms. The people's participation can benefit from Web 3.0, sir. Okay. Last question. What are the equipments required for camping, since you have camping as your hobby? Sir, first of all, good gear. By good gear, I mean good clothing, multi-layered clothing, waterproof clothing, good shoes with good grip. Other than that, sir, a tent, a simple dome tent would be sufficient, a sleeping bag, backpack and certain essentials in it such as a first aid kit, certain medicines in it, some alternate clothing in case one gets wet. A torch would be essential and perhaps a matchstick, sir. Okay. Thank you. Thank you, sir. Mr. Pushpil. Sir. Police commissioner rate system, police commissioner rate system. So, in how many districts is there in your state? Sir, I am aware of two, sir. One is Prayagraj and the other one is Noida, sir. What about Lucknow? I think so, sir. I think Lucknow also has it, sir. What about Kanpur? I am not... What about Banaras? I am not sure. Varanasi. I am not sure, sir. At four places. Anyway. Thank you. So, what do you mean by police commissioner rate system? Sir, usually what we have is our district magistrate who also works as a collector and also the head of the law and order in the district. But in certain metropolitan areas, we have this commissioner rate system in which the police is totally under the police commissioner, who is a higher rank officer and usually not answerable or usually not deemed to be under the magistrate for law and order purposes, sir. Okay. So, can we say police is vested with magistratal powers in police commissioner rate system? I am not sure, sir. Apologies. Okay. Related with computer science which you have studied. Attack. Can you name the computer scientists or computer engineers whom you are very proud of? May that be working in India or abroad? Sir, the foremost computer scientist would be Mr. Tim Berners-Lee who is said to be the inventor of the internet. Okay. Other than him, sir, I am particularly Mr. Elon Musk who made, initially it was a platform called X then PayPal and Numbers. Just name them. Who are the others? Sir, in Microsoft, sir, there was Mr. other than Bill Gates, there was Mr. Ballmer. I am totally forgetting the name, sir. Indians. Sir, Mr. Naran Muthi would be there, founder of Vipro, founder of Infosys. These were all software engineers in their times. Okay. OFC stands for OFC. Sir, in computer science parlance it stands for optical fiber cable, sir. Optical fiber cable. Okay. On which principle it works? Sir, total internal reflection. What do you mean by total internal reflection? Sir, light when going from a denser to a rarer medium. If the angle of incidence is more than a certain angle, sir, it gets totally internally reflected which means it does not go out of the denser medium, sir. Okay. Wi-Fi, Li-Fi, Mi-Fi. One or two sentences related with each. What do you mean by Wi-Fi, Li-Fi and Mi-Fi? Sir, Wi-Fi stands for wireless fidelity. It uses electromagnetic waves in the radio spectrum to transmit data wirelessly. Li-Fi stands for light fidelity. Again, it utilizes electromagnetic spectrum but in the visible range. How this helps is that it can carry more data to a smaller distance or to a lesser distance. I am not aware of the Mi-Fi technology, sir. Okay. You have been management training. In a jail, sir. Okay. So, there is a verse in Sanskrit which I will translate into English. You will tell me what exactly that means. Sir. There is no person in the world who is not having any potential but where is the visionary who can transform this into reality? Please tell me. Sir, it is an optimistic as well as a realistic view of the world. It believes that everybody has potential. But to utilize that potential or to fully use that potential in the practical sense, one has to be able to use that potential. But to utilize that potential or to fully use that potential in the practical sense, one has to be some other quality is required. One has to be a visionary or one has to have a real good. So, what is lacking? Sir, the attitude, I would say. What is lacking? A good visionary, a good leader, a good manager who can utilize their potential at birth, their capacities and capabilities. Okay, one question. Related to geology, what do you know about Birbal Sahani? Sir, he, Mr. Birbal Sahani was a paleobotanist. There is a paleobotany institute in Lucknow, in his name, sir. In his name. Okay, have you seen that? From the outside, sir. Have you ever heard about Raj Mahal Hills? Yes, sir. Where are these located? Sir, Jharkhand, sir. Jharkhand, which place in Jharkhand? Sir, the Chhota Nagpur Plateau, towards the southeast end of Jharkhand, sir. Have you gone to that place? Not yet, sir. So, any fossils, plant fossils discovered from that place? Yes, sir, quite a lot of, sir. Can you name some? Yes, sir. So, in the Gonwana period, this is of the fame of the Gonwana period, from the Parmo-Carboniferous period to the Lower Cretaceous. Predominantly, here we find the Glossopterous flora, the Gangamopterous flora. Which flora? Glossopterous flora, sir. Gangamopterous flora, sir. The other one would be, it's called Dichroidium. Under it, there is Telophilum. And there are, we can also find pteridophytes, which are basically ferns and horsetails. Okay, thank you. Thank you, sir. All right, Mr. Pushpendra. It's quite sad that you've been working for almost 10 years. A few days short of 8 years. Almost, yes. You know, NGC. And you described the job as you don't like it. Yes. So, it means that you wasted your 8 years. I planned on, sir, I actually resigned after 4 years. My office convinced me to continue the preparation while working. But I couldn't do both these things simultaneously, sir. There was nothing redeeming in the job. I did try to find something redeeming there, sir. But I couldn't, sir. You paid 1 lakh. In fact, more than that, sir. All right. So, this, you are interested in space science, is it not? Yes, sir. This, some few years back, some interstellar object which came to Solar System. Was it really an interstellar? What is it? Sir, the first one is known as, technically, it's known as I1. It was also known as Omuamua. We have also had another one. It's known as I2 or Gera Shimanko. It's quite a complex name. I'm not able to recollect it right now. These are interstellar objects. When did the second one come? A few years ago, sir. The first one was 3-4 years ago. I think it was last year. Okay. Churio move Gera Shimanko. The second one is called. These are interstellar objects and this can be inferred from their trajectory, sir. It's a hyperbolic trajectory. Anything which is moving around the sun has to have an elliptical trajectory. So, if an object has an hyperbolic trajectory, it can be conclusively said that it is an interstellar object, sir. It has a non-gravitational movement, is that? Certainly not, sir. Everything... At least so much based on sun. It was influenced by the sun, but not enough to be captured by the sun's gravity, sir. So, the latest one, did they do a study on that with the earlier one, Omamua? It was too late. Yes, sir. What about the recent one? I've heard there are plans to chase it down, but these are very nascent plans and not by very well-known agencies or by companies. So, there is not much hope about actually reaching this object. Where is it located? I'm not sure about this, but it was hurtling at a very high velocity towards the... When we observed it, it was well past the orbit of Jupiter. It might be out of the Solar System, sir. I'm not aware of it. And what are the importance of James Webb Telescope? Sir, James Webb Space Telescope is the successor of Hubble Telescope. It has... Can we really call it successor? Entirely different context. But yeah, continue. Sir, in some ways, yes. It enhances the technology that the Hubble Telescope had. It has a bigger mirror. It has a higher resolution. It is working in a bit more towards the infrared spectrum because it is trying to look deeper or more back into the time, sir. So, what is the latest? Sir, latest? Regarding James Webb. Sir, the last I heard was they were trying to calibrate it, calibrate the mirrors or synchronize the 16 mirrors. That's all done, is it? Definitely, sir. Have you taken pictures? Have you sent pictures? I'm not aware, sir. The last one was a picture of a star. They were calibrating it upon, sir. What was the significance of that picture? Yes, sir, I have heard of it. Okay, you're doing fine. Thank you. Thank you, sir.