 From the beginning of its sound attack, Russia began to detain civilians in areas that had occupied. It carried out what appeared in some cases to be security detentions, but in a manner that did not protect civilians or comply with international law. We documented 864 individual cases of arbitrary detention by the Russian Federation, many of which also amounted to enforced disappearances. Civilians were often detained during so-called filtration in occupied territory for their perceived support of Ukraine, their status as former Ukrainian service persons, or their perceived political opinions or affiliation. We documented over 900 cases of arbitrary detention of civilians, including children and elderly people. The vast majority of these cases were perpetrated by the Russian Federation. Ukraine gave us unimpeded confidential access to official places of detention and detainees with one exception. The Russian Federation did not grant us such access despite our requests. Many civilian detainees were held in Communicado in unofficial places of detention, often in deplorable conditions. In about a quarter of the documented cases, civilian detainees were transferred to other locations within occupied territory or deported to the Russian Federation. Often no information was disclosed to their families for prolonged periods of time. We documented the summary execution of 77 civilians while they were arbitrarily detained by the Russian Federation. Russian armed forces, law enforcement and penitentiary authorities engaged in widespread torture and ill-treatment of civilian detainees. Most of those we interviewed said that they had been tortured and ill-treated and in some cases subjected to sexual violence. Torture was used to force victims to confess to helping Ukrainian armed forces, compel them to cooperate with the occupying authorities or intimidate those with pro-Ukrainian views.