 desert ecosystem, first the contents, different types of plants present in desert ecosystem, animal life in desert ecosystem, and different deserts present in the world. So the different types of plants present in the desert ecosystem. So Sagram, simply what can desert ecosystem kaja say? I am Jante and their conditions are very severe. So annual precipitation of desert ecosystem is less than 25 centimeters. So means that drought conditions prevail throughout the years and the rain may occur after many years. So only those plants can survive, which have a ability to survive with very low amount or very acute shortage of water. So in the agronom water, desert plants can do it simply because desert's recognition is its low precipitation. Deserts, if we talk about deserts, deserts are warm, and deserts are cool. Cold deserts are also present, we will see. But the common thing of deserts, a special recognition is its precipitation level. So the rain or snowfall, if it is less than 25 centimeters, we will call it desert. So this means there is acute shortage of water. So those plants who can survive in acute shortage of water, they will be there in deserts. So mainly, if we look at deserts, the important plants, they are the different species of cacti. Cactus' different species come to us. And the other ones are the thorny shrubs. These shrubs are the plants that we often find in deserts. So desert plants, they have reduced foliage. These foliage are called leaves. Means they have reduced foliage or leaves are of very small size or they are absent. And instead of it, the stem works as a photo sensor. So they have drought resistant seeds. So the seeds that they have, what can they do? Can they resist drought or survive in it? Here in this diagram, if we look at this diagram, we can observe both types of plants. These are simple cacti plants. Cactus' different plants are present that we can see that these are simply stems and leaves are almost reduced or absent. On the other hand, there are different types of thorny shrubs. Different types of shrubs, we can see that they are plants that are present here. So like a desert ecosystem, we can observe plants like this. Animal life in desert ecosystem. In the desert ecosystem, if we look at the greenery or plant life, it is very rare and very rare. So it means the animal diversity in the desert ecosystem is also reduced by this. If we look at other ecosystems like grasslands or forests, compared to that, in the desert ecosystem, there are very low number of species existing in the deserts. So in deserts, very few species exist. Very few organisms exist. Important desert animals include different types of arthropods. Different types of arthropods, if we look at the insects, variety of insects are there. The other one, they are different types of arachnids. Arachnids mean spiders are there, scorpions are there. So in this way, different types of arthropods will be found in this. Different types of reptiles, venomous reptiles are found in the deserts like different types of lizards. Some of the lizards are also venomous and different types of snakes. So snakes and lizards are present in the deserts. Similarly, the birds. Now if we look at the deserts, since the condition is extreme, we do not have amphibians reported there. When compared to birds and mammals, the important are the road runners. Road runners, cactus ones, then the turkey, vultures and the broing owls. So among the mammals, we will see the mule deer. Apart from the mule deer, we will also see the capril and the jackrabbit, the kangaroo rat and the ground squirrels. So these are the important desert animals. Here we have a pictorial view. The first one is the spider. It is a desert spider. In the desert, there are number of species of ants are also present. The reason is that the arthropods are very resistant. Arthropods, they have ability to survive without water or they have ability to survive long time without water. In the desert, we have a number of species of the ants, a number of species of spiders. The scorpions are also there. Reptiles. Among reptiles, different types of lizards and different types of snakes. So snakes and lizards have different variety of species. Some of snakes are very poisonous. Among the birds, there are the road runner and there are also the cactus worms. Cactus worms and road runner risk are also reported from the deserts. Among the mammals, there are the jackrabbit and the kangaroo rat. In the mammals, desert mammals are nocturnal in behavior. Nocturnal in behavior means they feed and they are active during the night time. In the night time, they go out and feed. In the day time, they save themselves in the hiding places. Because in the day time, they are the extreme. Where the deserts are present in the world? Deserts are present in all the continents. Deserts are reported in all the continents. Desert is a biome that is expanding with the passage of time. If we look at this, all other biomes are reducing. If we talk about the coniferous forest, its size is decreasing. Similarly, grasslands are reducing day by day. If we have tropical forests, its size is decreasing. All other biomes are decreasing with the passage of time. Deserts are increasing day by day. If there is drought, grasslands and other ecosystems will start converting to deserts. The important desert ecosystem is the Antarctic desert. If we look at the Antarctic, there is no sand. There is no annual precipitation. The snowfall is less than 25 cm. That is why we call it the Antarctic desert. The Antarctic desert. If we look at the Tundra area, there is no precipitation. The Antarctic and the Arctic, the areas of Qutub-Shemali and Qutub-Jnubu, there is no annual precipitation. Other deserts are Sahara desert, Australia desert, Rabin desert, Gobi desert of China, Kalahari desert of Africa, Pakistan and India, and the Dashtek Kavir that is president of Iran.