 Am I at the right seat? Hallo, goed afternoon. Goedemiddag, zal ik zeggen. Mijn Deutsch is niet zo goed als ik dat alles in Deutsch mag. I think this is the nicest part of all of the same. Because you get to see how we at the congress center back there do the conversations. And we will do one as if we're in the congress center. But this time you are all in. And later on we will give you the opportunity to actually ask questions to our panelists as well. And I think we've got quite an amazing panel here on stage for you. As you've seen in the announcement, we will talk about water scarcity and stress. A lot of the topics in Davos this year talk around sustainability. Talk about the fact that we are living in a world where the resources will soon reach their limits. And water is one of those key resources. So I'm very pleased to introduce the panel to you. Let me start at the far left, Sir Mohammed Javar. He's the Chairman and Managing Director of the Kuwaiti Danish Dairy Company. He represents business and business from part of the world that is the Middle East. Mr. Jim Leep to his left for you. He is the Director General of WWF, the World Wide Fund for Nature. So representing the NGOs. Further to your left to my right from your perspective is Minister Etna Molewa. She is the Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs of South Africa. So she is the Minister responsible for the whole water part of her country. Then to my left for you. We actually have Mr. John Hickenlooper. Do I pronounce it right? Good. He's the Governor of Colorado. So one of the major states in the USA. To his left, Mr. Martin Dahinden, Director General of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Even further to the left, far out, is Mr. Peter Brabeck, Chairman of the Board of Nestle. Let me give a very brief introduction. Less than 3% of all the water on earth is fresh. That's an interesting statistic. 3% of all the water on this planet is fresh, i.e. drinkable water. 2.5% of that is frozen. So we humans actually live of half a percent of all the water on the planet. 70% of the water is used in agriculture. 22 in industry, 8% by households. We live in a world where unfortunately still billions of people lack access to clean sanitation or use unsafe water for their drinking purposes. And that's why in 2010 the United Nations has declared access to clean water and sanitation one of the basic human rights and that's been laid down. Of course we live in a world where we have 7 billion people today. We know that that number will continue to grow. The expectation is it could reach 9 plus billion people in 2050. All those people need to be taken out of poverty. So therefore the demands on energy, on food. And as a result of all that on water will only increase. Already in 2030 we might face the situation of having a 30% shortfall in water and in 2050 that stress. And the stress caused once more by the combination of having to create more food, use more energy, more people on drinking water. It's going to be one of the biggest challenges and one of the most urgent elements of making the world sustainable. Again I think we couldn't ask for a better panel to discuss this with you because I'm very, very clear. If we want to solve this incredibly difficult puzzle we can only do that by having government work with business, with industry and with NGOs and at the end of today with all of us, the consumers of water to create the solutions for this. So with that brief introduction let me hand over to the panel. The format of this afternoon maybe to make all of you wake up to ask your questions later on. I've asked each of the panelists to give a brief introduction how they relate to the topic, what their views are on the questions that are in front of us. They will each say a few things for maximum five minutes. They've asked me to be firm on sticking to time so I'll do that. Then we'll have a bit of a debate amongst the panelists here and then at the round in let's say just under an hour from now we will hand over the floor to you and give you the possibility to ask questions. I'll be very firm with you as well. I know there are many very articulate speakers in the room who would love to make long statements about whatever your belief is on this particular point. To be honest I'm not interested in statements. I want you to engage with this panel so a brief question straight to one of the panelists which will then give him or her the opportunity to give you an answer. So please no long statements. If that is what you are going to do I will tell you that that is not what I asked for and I take the microphone away from you. Apologies for being rude but these are the rules inside the congress center as well. We play exactly the same game with you and I just warn you because you do not maybe always come to the congress center. All right Madam Minister as the lady in the panelist may I ask you to kick this off and give your views. Thank you. Thank you very much Peter Baker as moderator. Thank you to the Welty Economic Forum for this wonderful opportunity indeed. It is quite a good event this and that. It's an open forum. We can interact with people beyond the congress center itself. The topic of today is extremely important and important for all of us as it has already been indicated and illustrated how important water is. We always say water is life and water is at the heart of everything that we do. And therefore it is important that with the limited amount of water that we have as a world we need to conserve that water. Quite important also given the fact that we also now have the impacts of climate change which are here with us and indeed we are beginning to see in many other countries throughout the world that water is becoming scarce or is becoming in overabundance. Just as an example or just to illustrate in our country South Africa we are one of the countries that are actually water scarce. There are parts of the country that are very short of water. There are and in some parts of the country we have excess of water at certain times of the year and other times of the year no water at all. What is it that we need to do and that which we did with the World Economic Forum who were here last year and just to demonstrate the partnership and what we did and what the world can do together we started discussions here through the water resource group to partner with the water resource group and ensure that there are programs that flow in South Africa we call that program Closing the Gap because we have policies, we have regulations and all but we do know that the old way of doing things of now trying to get water between the catchments and exchanges between catchments does not work anymore. So closing the gap where are the gaps that needed to be done. We looked at two programs with the first one being ensuring that we deal with the water mix we looked at other programs of getting underground water usage desalination and so on and so on. The second part of the program which is actually a very very important one for us is to ensure that there is infrastructure that's worked on and that's really stopping the leakage the leakages that are there always because of the nature of these partnerships that are available and applicable at a lower level we worked through the same water resource group to ensure that in a ground level there is now what we call the South African Water Partnership Networks which has started very impressive programs that are actually now doable and we believe that we are on the right path working together we can do more and actually working with the civil society working with business and the government of South Africa we are currently a leader a president of the AMCA which is the African Ministers Council on Water and the experiences that we are sharing we can be able to share with the entire continent we believe that all of us need to do something if we want the nexus between water, energy and food security to be attained and all of us must be safe into the future that's the way to go thank you very much thank you very much Madam Minister and many many of us were recently in South Africa for the Climate Convention in Durban we have all witnessed the great work of the South African government out there Jim may I ask you to give the NGO view of water scarcity, water stress and what we should do sure let me say a few words by way of introduction as Minister Malewa has just said water is the blue thread that runs through all of the crises that we face all the challenges we face as a global community whether it is food security, energy security poverty alleviation biodiversity loss you see water as a common concern across the board and so this is a time when we really need to find a way to make sure we're taking a new approach to water management and let me just say by way of introduction a few words about what that needs to do if you look back over the last century you could describe our management of water resources as a combination of hubris and engineering we dominated the water resource rivers were the sewers of first resort that's where you put your waste and management of water systems was about control and extraction it was about dams and dikes that of course led to lots of problems and that approach is at this point a luxury that we simply can no longer afford because we cannot afford a system in which each sector just takes what it wants we cannot afford a system which wastes huge amounts of water because water is in fact getting scarce and we can't afford to ignore the needs of the lakes and rivers and aquifers that are the living systems that provide the water we use so let me just emphasize a few facts all of which I think are obvious but all of which are actually important to shaping the way we think about the water management's challenge the first is that water does not come from a tap it comes from nature and so we have to think about water management in terms of the challenge of managing and sustaining living systems the second is that those living systems provide many values some of those values come from extracting the water and putting it to other uses and some of those values come from leaving the water where it is some of those values have ferocious advocates who claim their rights to the water to which they believe they are entitled and some of those uses have no advocates at all and that of course those facts very much compound the challenge of managing water now as Peter has already indicated and the minister as well the freshwater resources around the world are already in crisis the estimate is that 50% of all the world's freshwater ecosystems have already been destroyed you see scarcity spreading across every region billions of people will face water scarcity within the next decade or so and that situation is getting rapidly worse the pressure we put on water resources is rapidly escalating just to take one example we have to produce as much food in the next 40 years as we have produced in the last 8,000 years that's no small challenge and if we were to irrigate those crops at the rate at which we currently use water in irrigation we have to extract twice as much water as we do today and agriculture is about 70% of all water use so that's the kind of escalating pressure that you see if you look across the board and then to add one more bleak fact before we talk about solutions we are also entering a period of huge upheaval not least from climate change the extraordinary weather extremes we've seen over the last year I've heard one minister after another in this week talk about how their country has faced extreme drought and extreme floods all in the same year it was true in East Africa it was true in Mexico it's been true in other places and we are locked already locked into significant changes in the world's climate as temperatures rise weather extremes will also increase and many of the places where those impacts will hit hardest are places that are already stressed by water scarcity so to conclude those facts have two important implications for how we think about meeting the water scarcity challenge the first is that we have to manage rivers and lakes and wetlands as the living systems that they are and recognize that the water in those systems is valuable not only for the biodiversity that resides there but for many other uses not least fish for example which is a huge source of protein so we have to manage them as living systems and the second is we have to recognize that water is a social good and so we have to find ways to bring all the people who have an interest in a river basin together to decide together how water resources are allocated because that's a social decision Mohammed Javar, can I turn over to you Mohammed you represent a large business from Kuwait what does water mean for your business and how can you see business be part of the solution thank you and I'd like to thank everyone in the audience for being here on a Saturday morning it's well appreciated I come from a part of the world which is quite poor in water to give you an idea the average annual water availability per person is 7000 cubic meters in my part of the world is under 1000 cubic meters what this means is that we have a lot of oil but we don't have a lot of water and you cannot drink oil so what happens that people have been going to the sea to desalinate the water and use it for drinking use it for sanitation and some years ago Saudi Arabia decided that in order to have food security in order to feed its people it needed to use water for agriculture so that country became a wheat producer so they are producing wheat in the desert after a while they realized that they have to dig 2 kilometers into the earth to get water out cool it because it was very hot use it for irrigation then 90% of that water evaporated because of the sun and so in order to solve a food problem they created a water problem and that was not sustainable en cannot be sustainable I used this example to demonstrate the golden thread that ties water to energy to climate change what they have done today in Saudi Arabia is that they have realized that that is not sustainable and they started importing the fodder for the cows in their dairy industry from the Sudan or from countries that are water rich they started importing the embedded water that is a creative solution for them but the question that this asks is should they be producing food at all I mean there are some crops like rice, like beef that are water intensive are consumers, are you in the audience prepared to change your eating or cotton habits in order to reduce water consumption because this is not the job for industry alone to do or for governments alone to do this is somewhere where everyone in society has to be engaged and in every country the circumstance is a little bit different and so I was very pleased a few years ago, three years ago to see that at the World Economic Forum this issue had been recognized and that there was leadership within the Forum to do something about it that is to bring people from business people from industry, technology people from non-government organizations and put them together and say what can we do in 2030 or in 2050 if Africa, 1 billion people China and India 1 billion again want to consume at the same rate as Europe is consuming the Forum estimated we will need 3 planet Earth and if they want to consume at the rate that America consumes we will need 5 planet Earth so I'm grateful for Mr. Brabeck from Nestlé because he has shown leadership within the Forum and in the course of 2 years a group was formed that has been able to go to countries like South Africa like Jordan I believe that there are others and I have seen this program in action where the Forum comes and diagnoses the problem that exists so is the water that is being wasted is that in agriculture is this through leakage of water pipes so once that problem has been identified then working with the government working with the consumers in that country to try to find solutions that will ensure that this water gap is shortened we don't have a water problem we have a water management problem and there are people in this room who are trying to fix that problem because there is plenty of hope thank you very much Mr. Javar I should probably say Governor Hickenlooper you can say John John is governor for the state of Colorado Colorado has the Colorado River which feeds many states and cities downstream whatever water management you are doing in Colorado it's not just the Colorado problem you are fixing so what is your view of this topic Colorado is perhaps the only state in the United States where the rivers all flow out there is no water flowing in so we like to think that we are stewards for the rest of the country at least the western United States and certainly the history of water in Colorado they always joke about how water is water is for fighting whiskey is for drinking the history is very divisional and yet certainly the interrelationship between water and food and energy is the most profound relationship of of all civilization and we see even in the center of the United States that international treaties for international use of common water is going to be at the core of global prosperity and international cooperation often times we think that the nonagricultural members of society need to be reminded in most areas but in most areas irrigated land is the source of their food they need to be reminded where their food comes from in Colorado we have Denver and a number of cities along we call the front range and to the west over the mountains are the what we call the west slope a number of valleys, beautiful areas aspen, veils, steamboat springs historically the west slope and Denver have hated each other over water and this goes back over a hundred years to when they first the clouds come from the pacific and they dump their water mostly in the form of snow the most perfect reservoir anyone could imagine certainly threatened by climate change at the present and that water almost a hundred years ago the people in the front range recognized they would grow and so they diverted large amounts of it through tunnels or other diversion projects and brought it back to the front range as the front range continued to grow the front range now has over 80% of the total population and yet it's semi-arid it has less than 14 inches of rain per year so when I eight years ago became mayor of Denver we realized that Denver had to take the first step being the largest city to demonstrate that obligation to the rest of the state was critical and that we had to begin conservation in earnest and find ways of promoting it that were pleasant and made it easy for our citizens to use less water and to have smaller yards to more efficient toilets all those things we would have billboards and TV ads that would talk about save water, shower with a friend and these were widespread marketing campaigns but we also went to our businesses to use the latest technology to make sure that we used as little domestic water or local water in the cooling of our buildings and heating of our buildings and we, year after year our goal was in 15 years we were able to do it in 6 years we had capital consumption of water by this residents of Denver by 20% and that's the largest in the history of the west in a non-drought situation and what it allowed us to do we'd have to go out, of course as you can imagine you've got to replace all the pipes and plumbing and infrastructure of a modern water system and if you're selling less water to your citizens the price goes up per gallon those who aren't conserving end up having to pay more for those who are and yet we would say to everyone we made Denver what it is was it was part of Colorado and not just the beauty of Colorado but having a safe reliable source of food to the east on the plains where the irrigation would take place and that proved very successful it was the first time, I think in many years well, for what it's worth I was the mayor of Denver in 150 years no mayor of Denver had ever been elected governor largely because of the battles over water but the key is not just finding efficiencies in the urban areas but equally in agricultural areas some of our farmers have been working we now in dry land farming with no irrigation have ways of planting our seeds for wheat crops so that you don't have to plow and that allows them by not turning over the soil and letting the evaporation take away that part of moisture you're able to diminish the need for water for that crop by almost 12% sometimes up to 14% those kinds of innovations are going to, since there is such a large amount of water used in irrigation that's where some of the greatest savings are but the key is to recognize that the urban areas, agricultural uses have to work together they both have to recognize that they are joined at the hip in the same way that all of our countries have to recognize that our cooperation is what is truly going to ensure long term prosperity thank you it's incredibly it's an incredibly disciplined panel we are sharp at five minutes every time I've been somewhat impolite by asking the two Swiss representatives to talk last that is because we have asked them to talk to you in what for many of you will be your home language so they will speak it sounds like German I think it's called Swiss originally I think it has relations to the German language for those of you who are unable to master that language there is translation available I think English is channel one so there should be a button on your machine and put it on channel one what I would like to do is ask Mr Dahinden, Martin to kick off you represent the agency for development here in cooperation here in Switzerland you have studied the relationship between poverty poor sanitation and water in great detail would you be willing to share your views on water scarcity and stress with the audience we'll switch to a German besten Dank en ich werde das natürlich in Hochdeutschmarken obwohl ich zumst immer für den Erhalt der Art und Vielfalt bin und von daher eigentlich would normally speak in my Switzerland you know that my task is basically to fight poverty in humanitarian crisis in humanitarian crisis and to make a contribution to overcoming global risks and in all these tasks water is of course something that plays a central and very often a crucial role but I believe in the public debate in the political debate we're not where we should be and therefore I'm very happy to see that this issue is being taken up here in the open forum and this is not the first year I'm happy to say 2, 3 jaren with the effort I tried to to bring water into what's wrong with this development and we are now in a position in which water is one of the issues which is now very much in the forefront of our concerns and I'm very happy about that let me give you some theories 1 billion people live without any access to drinking safe drinking water that's bad news but the good news is that in the framework of international efforts to improve access to water there have been what has been considerable progress made in the last 10 years and we would have thought possible in 1990 which is the basis here for this quarter of humanity had no access to safe drinking water but in 2015 is a benchmark here 10% of course that is still too much everyone should have access to safe drinking water but progress is definitely being made now this is not quite as good in the issue of sanitation water for those purposes of water is important when we have discussion of water we should realize that it's a very multifaceted discussion you can't have one single one size solution there are many problems and these many problems have to be dealt with complex answers that this is something that we have realized I believe that the public sector has to play a very central role in all these complex issues and that means a locally, regionally and nationally but also internationally but that doesn't necessarily mean that we should run out of the private sector far from it private business is a very important role and science to water projects in our water projects in our development projects in Europe in developing countries our efforts are focused on not building infrastructure projects but to ensure that the water builders are brought in are included in a solution which everyone can support and which helps to solve the water problem that they are confronting that's a major challenge for mankind in the coming years in the next few years we shall do a great deal more to discuss these issues but they are really solutions we must look at seriously and I'm sure we can have success with them thank you very much indeed last but certainly not least Peter Brabeck you've been involved for quite a long time with Nestlé but you've also evolved into one of the important leaders in certainly the corporate world here at Davos you've taken a leading role at the water issue of us what is your view en what is scarcity and stress thank you very much indeed for this invitation to participate in the forum it's always a privilege I shall speak today more of the chairman of the water resource group in the World Economic Forum than perhaps chairman of the board Nestlé what is this water resource group what is the water resource group we started out about three or four years ago in the WF and which is now a part of the past two years it's nothing more than a stakeholder group a group of interested parties which have decided to bring in governments, NGOs businesses development banks and all these stakeholders have a common task which is that they take the challenges which we've heard about here this afternoon and try and find solutions to them on the basis of factual issues and to try and find the proper balance between supply and demand and I think when we talk about water we must be very clear that the supply of water is fixed at the first point that I think a lot of people don't understand we have 4.500 square kilometers of water for available and that is water we reuse and we have to cope with that and now when there were 3, 4, 5 billion people on the planet and a lot of them didn't need a lot of energy and there was not industry in those countries either then that amount of water was enough but about 10 years ago and not for the past 10 years we've been using about 10% more water than we can sustain so we have a strong problem of using too much water and that 10% more water die is unsustainable comes from two factors one is not not sustainable using water when Gaddafi built his canal to get water to the centre of the Sahara so that he could use it for irrigation that's not sustainable that is a not sustainable use an unsustainable use of water we have the 4,500 square kilometres what of course is flexible is demand and demand of course depends on population we've already heard about that 10, 7 billion today and according to the latest forecast not 9 but 10, 10.5 billion in some years time so everybody needs 2,500 calories per day in order to survive en to live in to have one to produce one calorie they need one liter of water now if you get if you need if you get 10 liters of water so at the same time the billion of the Chinese Indians which have been fairly happy with the bowl of rice now they say but I don't just want a bowl of rice I'd like some chicken or some beef and that factor has led to a considerable increase in demand of water by agriculture on the other hand we have demand for energy we mustn't forget 1 billion people don't have any access to energy and the energy sector has been fairly independent of water in order to to produce water with a feat you don't need much water but with all the new technologies you've had they are very water intensive you need 4 to 5 6 liters of water to produce oil and we have the fixed amount of water 4500 square kilometers of water we have two trends which lead to water stress and that is why we set up the water resource group I think I'll leave it at that for the time being and perhaps we'll come back to it later on before going into the discussion was the room I would like to ask a couple of questions to the panelists maybe Madam Minister I can start with you like I said in my introduction in 2010 the UN has declared access to fresh water and sanitation a human right I know the UN and other governments are known for making statements like this has it helped, what is the impact of elevating something to what I think as humans is the most important statement those of the human rights well I think in the first place we need to just state that in any given time 193 countries of the world that are represented at the UN level who set the and actually identified water, sanitation part of those that we are talking about here today education, you name it health they went on and on to be attained yes indeed there were aspirations but the most critical thing to say here is that we were making statements rather the UN was making statement on behalf of all of us as countries that were represented in those discussions and therefore what we needed to do when we went back home was to really sit back and say how do we ensure that those statements that are made become a reality and that's where the critical point actually come we as nations means therefore that we had to sit back and do this and this work can't just be done by governments alone it's work that has got to be done by civil society together with government and business all being there on the table the academics and so on but what we really have seen is that there has been some achievements yes in some parts of the country countries but yes in some other countries these MDG Millennium Development Goals especially water and sanitation they are still lacking far much behind and therefore this is what makes it important that at this world economic forum and in every national discussion there has got to be discussion and more than discussion action action action action is about what needs to be done demand management is very very critical as Peter has already indicated we will not have more water tomorrow we have to manage the demand as nations but in that management of demand we have got to ensure that we also provide water for human consumption in my country for instance we have an allocation that says the RDP standard so many liters for each individual we have to provide to access for human consumption but in the same vein we need to therefore say we recognize that there is industry growth we now talking about green growth that requires water energy for instance more water but yes we have to provide that water for industry not to be wasted and therefore there is need critical need for looking at new technologies as we are doing right now in South Africa look at underground water how we can pool the various water pools in the aquifers without emptying the aquifers and actually depleting the aquifers as we right now doing but also much more important is the involvement of the public in general and this is very critical we think that this is what makes this issue important agricultural sector demands more we need food access of those three areas but as we need food do we have to say there should be an over allocation in agriculture or are over allocation in industry energy or over allocation to human consumption we need to be sober and come up with models that are clear that actually speak to these three things without making this water a very emotional issue in my country we have it in the constitution that water is a human rights but yes we are very conscious of the fact that everybody else needs to be allocated water industry as well without wasting thank you thank you I'd like to ask the panelists to keep their answers brief I'm always a bit polite to ministers that's my upbringing sorry Peter Brabeck as chairman of the water resource group you've probably studied this issue more than many of us it's been mentioned a few times there is this nexus this inter linkage between food for drinking sanitation of water for drinking sanitation for irrigation and food production for getting energy for getting fibers do we humans have enough understanding of those inter linkages do we know enough to make the optimal allegation choices and its business and government and NGO working enough on the topic to solve it what is your view no I think it's very clear that we do not even have this understanding of nexus between the various types of demand that the minister has just mentioned no we don't understand them enough and that's one of the things that we started to tackle first in the water resource group we wanted to get the facts and put them on the table that's some very interesting facts which probably are not understood by the politicians not to put a final point on it we said we need 2500 canneries per day to live now we consume 50.000 canneries in energy for transport for heating and so on in other words 2500 canneries per person 50.000 canneries 20 times more used in energy and why do I mention this simply because we have to realize politicians say we need 20% of those 50.000 canneries in the energy sector and we have to shift them to the food sector then if they say that they haven't understood what this is all about because how are you going to take 20% of a 20 times bigger market and shift it to the food sector how are you going to do that that means that we we need to produce 3 times as many food to produce biofuels and that's why when this policy on biofuels came out a few days ago food prices went up, rocketed up and there were hundreds of people thousands of people who were driven into hunger because the politicians didn't understand the nexus and de supply site is fixed that's something they haven't understand and I think that's probably one of the best examples of that nexus John correct me if I'm wrong but I'm just pushing the question as an example which plays in other parts of the world as well the Colorado river not only has to take care of the people of Colorado but flows downstream I think all the way into California and it has been a source of life of many people therefore in Colorado all the way up to California but in recent years I'm told that the supply of water from the river has become more instable the further downstream you actually come so this I think if those facts are right this is a very clear case of how do we actually allocate water is it all for the Colorado people or how do you think about regulating that also the people from California of whatever other states are downstream have access well it's been a very difficult problem there's a thing called the Colorado Compact that defines who gets how much water in periods of shortage we did have some serious drought in the early part of the 2000's and the difficulty is as different regions grow at different rates people have been promised a certain amount of water by the time their population grows of their agricultural needs increase the water is no longer there and most importantly I think and Jim Leep talked about this a little bit we also have an obligation to make sure that water remains in the river to go into the ocean at a certain point we have to look at the quality of the water beyond just what we need to drink or to grow crops but for the life cycle of the planet at a certain point we have to require what we call in stream flows that are going to maintain the diversity and the health of the entire planet Sylvia Earl was here earlier and was talking a little bit about the vast dead zones we see in oceans as we diminish the quality of the water going from all these different uses before it goes in the ocean you end up losing that vitality and I think that's Colorado in the States, Nevada, Arizona, Utah and California we become a good microcosm and we have to be able to figure it out or else the countries of Africa and Asia will never be able to figure it out Mr. Javar you represent business I have often believed and still believe that business once they have the right focus can be a big part of the solution to anything how can business contribute to solve this demand and supply issue in water can you give any examples in preferably your own business or other businesses in which you've seen business play a powerful role yes as I said earlier that I come from a part of the world where water is scarce but where you have people maybe 100 million people live there they need to eat it is possible to produce food even if you don't have a lot of water I run a dairy company in my country but I don't have any cows so so how is it possible the cows live in New Zealand they live in Ireland they live in Australia they have water they have green pastures there they produce milk the water is removed from that milk it becomes a powder it is shipped over to Kuwait and there it is recombined so water is added to it and then it is sold so basically to produce one liter of milk or you can say juice or other foods the carbon footprint of bringing that concentrate into the country is as minimal as possible and then the stress on the water resources is as minimal as possible so with innovation and you know this wasn't invented in the Middle East was invented in Denmark and Switzerland there are technologies there these are old technologies there are newer technologies also that can be used to say is this sustainable or not what is the best solution here but first you need to have the facts because if you don't have the facts you don't know where to focus touching on the point you made earlier about the United Nations saying it's a human right of course it's a human right the thing is that once you've supplied how much water is a human right and you have to talk about pricing at one point or another in this equation because it is not an unlimited human right you know if you have a right to so many liters of water for drinking and for sanitation a day and that has been made available beyond that you shouldn't fill your swimming pool with water at the same price and I think the minister in South Africa they have a program where there is a scale so water is provided to people who cannot really afford it at very low prices in certain quantities and then as you go up it's a different rate applies to industry or to people so going back to the question of industry industry alone cannot do much government alone cannot do much we need science to come in and help we need to understand is the problem in India in India 30% of the food is wasted solid food and I want to make the distinction that solid food is also water so they make the wheat or they make the grain using a lot of water for reasons I won't get into right now but pumps are provided free so farmers use a lot of water rather than drip irrigation in other ways of producing food which are less water intensive then for the food security of the country this grain is stored in huge silos because the silos are not protected rats come and eat the grain with a little bit of investment in the infrastructure all the water that was used to make that grain would be saved so there are steps that are but you have to understand that this is a problem because you don't want to go and tell consumers ah don't use so much water when brushing your teeth when the problem is either in agriculture or in Delhi for example the pipe work leaks if you increase the capacity of the water you're increasing the leakage you're increasing the problem in Singapore they recognize that and they fix the leaks you must have the science and this is where the water resource group has been really focusing on the problem first so that if it is industry that is taking or abusing water then you go after industry if it's agriculture you go after agriculture and if it's consumers so a learn business can do nothing but it is with cooperation thank you for that Jim listening to the panel we understand there is a lot of stress between food, fuel, fibers water but I think the planet needs water as well for its ecosystems is that to your point of view enough put into the mix or are we just trying to fix our human issues and thereby causing damage on the planet there has been increasing recognition over the last couple of decades that that has to be in the mix that there has to be water reserved for in stream flows as they are called in the US and in fact the water act in South Africa has that explicit requirement that there be a reserve for nature so that is an important start I think the challenge we have is that water resources in a given river basin nonetheless tend to be over allocated and once over allocated it is often hard to get the allocations back to actually reduce the uses by those who have legal rights to them or approved allocations in the interest of maintaining in stream flows so there is a big management challenge there and it requires that we number one recognize the economic as well as aesthetic and biological values of those in stream flows just to take 2 examples we we work in the Mekong Basin which is one of the most heavily populated river basins in the world and there are 60 million people in the Mekong Basin whose protein comes from freshwater fish so the health of that river system is actually critical to their diet take a second example we have over the last decade been in a program in the Yangtzee which has helped to restore 3000 square kilometers of wetlands in the central Yangtzee to restore more flood nearly no sorry more than half of the flood water storage of the Three Gorges Dam the largest dam in the world so these there are real economic values here as well as other values and the trick therefore is to get to river basin management which can in fact come to grips with these problems to deal with over allocation in the interest of making sure you safeguard in stream needs and deal with the distribution among other uses in an equitable and prompt way thank you Jim Mr. Dijnen what examples have you seen of governments, companies NGOs working together I assume mainly in the poor parts in your experience that have worked what can you share with the audience on that Ja Dat is een zeer wichtige vraag ik saabe wat we in Doen haken dat is zo een brieke op de krize op de katalog en dan de crisis en de catastrophies en dat is fascinerend en wat is fascinerend over water is dat water is heel vaak een manier om problemen te vinden wat kan er zoveel probleem water kan in de conflict of in de Middle East of in central Asia where there are very different interests in Central Asia is zierschis dan interessierd dat water zoveel behalve is interesting keeping as much water and then releasing it in the winter and was begis down which is down and needs it for cotton and other agricultural production and if we want to handle this problem we have found the problem solution and then it can be a way of finding solutions to all these other problems en we started a project in the Middle East en I think it's been reported recently en I am quite convinced that there will no longer be a problem of water between Israel and its neighboring countries in the next two years because what we are trying to do is what we are trying to do is to a technical level to get people around the table to look at the technical issues and to talk about the water issues of of the water and not to deal with the structures of conflict or relations between those countries and in een ausgleich tussen de mensen aan het overlaufen waar we ecologische functies hebben en de mensen aan het onderlaufen dat zijn alles dingen die man dan ook van de wedstrijd aanzien kan en ik wil op deze potentieale even ook de conflicten te overwinnen en in order te hienwijzen is a very good way of doing it in this first and now we have a chance I think the rules are clear no statements please because if you want to make a long rambling statements then I shall have the microphone switched off I thank you to raise questions we have a lot of people so only one question per person and then we ask any questions as possible so please give your name if you want to put a question introduce yourself and then state which of the panellists you are addressing your question to so there is a hair in in the background there is a gentleman in the background here is a good afternoon my name is Stefan Kleinzorger I have a question to Mr. Brabeck because Mr. Jaffa you said we need science and I just have a very short question do you think that to give the world the football world championship in 2018 to Kuwait was really justified considering the impact such an event has on food energy and water or should not Mr. Brabeck your organization involve all kinds of bodies to consider these questions when talking about major football or sports events thank you I think first of all it wasn't given to Kuwait it was given to a neighboring country I don't think it should have been but I don't make these decisions I think they will have a lot of problems because in Qatar I don't think you are allowed to drink alcohol and many of the fans are going to be very disappointed when they get there if you ever try to play football in 40 degrees heat I think you should go to the football association in Switzerland and have a word with them for the decision they have made Peter anything you want to add to that ok next question please please lady with the glasses thank you what can I have your name please Jasmin Stadler, I'm Swiss so far you've mainly focused upon the allocation of water as soon as you've got it however Mr. Hickenloeper has already started talking about it through his microcosm in Colorado and Mr. Dahenden has hinted at it in Asia and in the Middle East water conflicts, for example China bullying downs in Tibet stopping the Mekong river how much are these problems being emphasized in groups like the water resource group and in, for example development agencies in Switzerland as opposed to just allocation and efficiency Mr. Dahenden do you want to take that question yes I'd be quite happy to try and answer that is this interesting I think it's interesting that it's basically the question of water which has always played an enormous role in international relations as I understand it the first international organization was the Ryan the Ryan transport organization which started up in 1860 after the Vienna Congress so I think this is what we're doing to get to get states to golden these issues and provide them with models Switzerland is not a country which can impose its solutions in other countries and it doesn't want to do that but we do have our own experience because we we as in Colorado most of the rivers in Switzerland provide water to other countries so we know that we have to cooperate and in cooperation with the Mekong Commission we are trying to provide our good services we are offering models but we are certainly not imposing our models and I think it's very positive that there's more and more places in the world that developments of this kind are underway and that I think is very much a part of what we're talking about here today I look at it vertically and I think this is why the water resources group is perhaps very acting more in the background but I'd like to hear more from Mr Brabeck about that yes thank you if I could perhaps explain how the water resources group works we're a fairly small group with a fairly small budget what we do is we work with governments and we get a request from governments to help them out what we can contribute is know how we've carried out analyses of the 145 water basins we have worked out a model for each water basin which enables us to propose various measures we've calculated how much these measures would cost so we can come to a government and say in principle this is the type of measure that you could take and this is what it would cost you and then we also demand that the government takes a financial stake in the project in other words we are nothing more basically than a technical support organization but the response to every question is made by governments or national we don't prescribe water policy we simply provide technical help to governments who want it and we help them to produce a policy and this was the case in South Africa where with the minister and we signed a contract in GNA and from our swiss experience this is perhaps something we find very natural we set up in each country a public-private partnership which works together with the global branches of government and in the global water resources group they are not the same as in the national governments in Mongolia or in Mexico or in India South Africa those of the countries we are working with today is a decentralized organization in each one of those countries a decentralized PPP with local NGOs with local development banks with development agencies like the Swiss Development we also work with the Swedish with the German so very small central organization and a very decentralized local organization as SIP ja cheese i was wondering you spoke earlier about the role of agriculture in the current water debate i was wondering what your thoughts were on monoculture and its effect not only on water consumption on-water pollution. Dus ik kan je niet direct over monoculturen en andere culturen spelen. Dat is een lawyer en niet een agriculturen expert. Maar voor ons is er heel veel potentieel in een variety van manier, in kruipen, in cultivatie technieken en in andere praktijen om watergebruik in agricultuur te veranderen en eigenlijk heel signifiek. Vooral in plekken waar water vrij is. Je ziet vaak heel efficiële gebruik van watergebruik. En in plaats van de boord. En daar is in fact een grote schoop daar waarin ik zeker kruipende schoenen zijn een deel van de solution. Maar ik kan je niet meer naar de specifiek. Er is een vraag allemaal in de achtergrond van de ruimte. Dank je. Mijn naam is Paul Ekley. Ik heb een vraag voor State Farm Insurance in Amerika. Een vraag voor John Hickenlooper, please. Hebben jullie een generelle acceptatie om de prijs van water en agricultuur in Colorado te veranderen tussen de patiën? Dat is altijd een moeilijke vraag. Ik wil terug naar het punt dat we nu kennen dat Colorado een Zwitserland is van de Amerika's. We hebben dat gekregen. We hebben dat gedaan. De zin daar, en het is een groot beeld op de plannen naar de eeuw van de urbans-corridor die langs de Rocky Mountain Front rijdt, is als de urbans-arees groeien, gaan ze uit en purchaseschappen waterprijs die hun zon hebben gebeld, zoals bij elk consumersproject, ongeveer meer lawyers. Ze vallen die prijs op. En wat er gebeurt is dat er een reversie-insentie wordt voor... ...maar zoals we willen, moeten we elke hectare, elke akker van... ...agriculturele landen in productie zien. We zien het draaien op... ...en we hebben de laatste vijf jaar of zes jaar gestaan te stoppen... ...maar de waterwrijden zijn op de markt gebouwd. De meeste van de waterwrijden zijn niet op de markt gebouwd... ...maar de kosten en distributies zijn ongeveer geïnteresseerd. Maar de waarde van de waterwrijden wordt incentief... ...voor de landen uit de irrigatie. Dat hele prijsstructuur, een van de dingen die we hebben gedaan... ...maar het bizar is dat we dit niet hebben gedaan, maar... ...maar de kapitalisme is based op... ...het meer je per unit de prijs te prijzen. Dat is in resourcen die zo verkeerd zijn, zoals water en energie... ...maar het is gek, of energie, ongeveer de negatieve consequenties... ...aan de overconsumptie. Dus wat we hebben geprobeerd met dat agricultuurse ontdekking... ...is om ze incentivatie te geven... ...om ze wat stabiliteit van de markten te geven. We werken met rotatieel gevolgen... ... zodat we een aantal farmers samen hebben... ...dat over een periode van 5 jaar... ...nog een van de landen die niet meer water gebruiken... ...maar ze allemaal de reventie geven. Ze zullen dat water op de Urban Core... ...om alle landen in productie te houden. Dat is veel meer efficiënt. Maar het blijft een meerdere risico. We hebben niet de finale solution gevonden. Meneer minister, kan ik dat builden? Ik begrijp van Mr Javard dat je een innovatieve systeem... ...in Zuid-Afrika, of dat is correct. Een van de manier waar de demand-verdeling is... ...maar het is meer dan de supply... ...is om met de prijsverdeling te spelen... ...of alles wat de commode was. Is het prijs van water een genoeg gebruikt instrument? Ja, in Zuid-Afrika... ...dat we historieel hebben... ...we hebben schrijven voor mensen... ...die in de agricultuur zijn. Dat is het sector. Alokkeerde water... ...en called rides. Als we op de nieuwe law gereden... ...dat was in 2000 en 2004... ...we hebben dan de rides veranderd om entitie te worden. In andere manier zijn er entitieën die eigenlijk... ...rejuist zouden zijn... ...maar we kunnen... ...of je die rides gebruikt, of de entitie. En daarvoor... ...door de licenties... ...methods... ...we hebben nu de licenties van nieuwe entitieën... ...maar nieuwe operatoren... ...waar ze in de industrie zijn... ...nog een andere industrie, de agricultuur... ...maar nieuwe entitieën zijn in de agricultuur. Maar ja, de prijs is een probleem. Want de prijs van water... ...heeft gevolgd tussen de agricultuur en het sector... ...en verschillende andere industrie's... ...maar het is al aangekomen... ...voor de mensige consumptie... ...maar het poortje van de poortje van de prijs... ...gezien de prijs. Ik denk dat het 6 km van water... ...gezien de prijs van de poortje van de poortje... ...maar de industrie... ...de prijs bevindt... ...en het is iets waar we eigenlijk... ...maar we kijken... ...maar ik spreek... ...we werken op de prijs... ...nieuw prijs strategie... ...in Zuid-Afrika... ...maar de tariffen kunnen worden... ...gezien de manier... ...waar we willen hebben... ...en natuurlijk... ...gezien dialogeren met de industrie... ...en met iedereen in de land. Dank je. De volgende vraag. Er is een vrouw in de buurt... ...baan van de ruimte. Het is Marianne en Eunice Grabe... ...en ik heb een vraag over... ...waar iedereen gaat over... ...watermanagement... ...waterbeleving... ...waterpollet... ...maar wat voor de overpopulatie... ...maar in de buurt... ...waar er nooit veel water was... ...waar er nooit veel water was... ...en met zoveel mensen in de wereld... ...is het zelfde mogelijk... ...om een bepaalde waterpollet te hebben... ...waar iedereen gaat. Je hebt een supporter in de buurt van de ruimte. Ik denk dat het eerste deel van de vraag is... ...waar je en je gaat... ...waarver mensen lopen... ...waar ze een waterpollet hebben... ...die vraag is... ...mogen we meer mensen... ...weren naar de werelds die... ...waterpollet hebben gestreven. Mogen we je vragen... ...Martin, is er van... ...de politie-makers in de wereld... ...nijs een gevoel aan dat? Misschien moet ik nog... ...om een verkeerd discussie over het... ...over de discussie over mensenrechten... ...dat voor de wereld... ...om de wereld... ...als de originele beperking... ...het geluk werd... ...voordraagd achter de Tweede Wereld. Een lot of things would simply take for granted and that people should have water or they should have a clean air to breathe and things of that kind. And that wasn't coming to a chart of human rights. It wasn't a human right to stop. What now is happening in 2010 is that basically is a clear political statement en het is niet zo dat het een einkleagbaarsrecht is. Het is niet een voorscheidige recht. Het is niet een voorscheidige recht in Believen. Dus je moet zich dessen bewust zijn. Een recht in onze landen. Dus ik denk dat het niet altijd een voorscheidige recht is. Het is ook niet een recht om water en te drinken. Het is ook niet een voorscheidige recht. En thuis z temptationen of een sport in ein nieuwsbabel of in haar appα acquerdrukt te hebben. Je moet het precies consideren is een politiek geacaksın en is niet zo wie het is. De vraag is où gegroep is. Het is ook niet echt Kelly Gommel. En ik denk dat als we zien dat mensen minder ongekeerd zijn, dan hebben ze een paar kinderen. En ik denk niet dat dat iets dat je kunt doen om de armood te verdienen. Dat is natuurlijk de andere manier. Dat is natuurlijk de toekomst. En dat is natuurlijk heel belangrijk voor de toekomst en voor de toekomst en voor het environment. Ik denk dat het absoluut essentieel is dat we de toekomst vinden. Dat moet heel belangrijk zijn, zodat er minder mensen zijn die er op 1 of 2 dollar per dag zijn. We gaan terug naar de front van de ruimte. Daar is de vrouw met die thai. Yes, Nubar Fane van Cambridge Massachusetts. Ik ben een techpioneer hier. Ik wilde dus vragen of je technologische, veel makkelijkerste manier kunt maken voor innovatoren. Geven deze ambiguatie van prijzen in verschillende locaties, zonder tijd. Voor een innovatier die voor een brengstroomverslutie is om cellen in water te zetten en water te produceren, hoe kan je de prijsdiamand te ontdekken om een soort kapotie te zetten, om zo een risico te zetten op disruptief technologie? Dezelfde issue is energie. Het is een beetje slecht, want er zijn heel grote bedrijven, die eigenlijk hun inkomsten kunnen veranderen, maar in water is het niet voor mij klaar, hoe iemand een labtechnologie zet, waarin er veel zijn die kan zijn, die is heel disruptief, en er een justificatie ontdekken om deze reale problemen te veranderen. Ik weet niet of er iemand die een antwoord heeft, maar ik weet niet wie het is. Iedereen heeft een gevoel aan dat? Ik zou een quick suggestie geven, er zijn plekken in de wereld waarin er een grote deel kapotie in plaatsen, voor die soort solutieën. De buitenste plek is Israel, waarin ze dramatische steppen maken, en ik denk dat er kapotie er klaar is om daar te gaan, dan zal het gewoon propageren. Ik denk dat er ook een aantal pilotprojecten zijn. Is er iets van de grotere resultaat op dit? Ja, ik denk dat we natuurlijk naar alle technologieën kijken, die er is. Wat je nog steeds moet bevinden, is voor de tijd, de enige reale supplyzijde, zou een desalination zijn. En daarom zijn we in een conflict tussen de energiedemount, de CO2-output, en wat je krijgt van de waterzijde. Ik geef een voorbeeld. In order om een liter van boodesel te produceren, je moet 9100 liter van water. 1 liter van boodesel, 9100 liter van water. In order om 1.000 liter van desalinated water te produceren, je moet 2-3 liter van boodesel. Het werkt niet uit voor de tijd. Dit is een gebied waarvan er geen technologie in de toekomst is. Als we een efficiële solution vinden om de waterzijde te gebruiken als drinkbare water, dan kunnen we op de supplyzijde werken. Maar voor de tijd, omdat van deze twee limitaties, is dit niet realistisch. Dus we moeten op de deemantzijde concentreren. Dank u. Mijn naam is Stella Thomas van de Global Water Fund. Ik moet zeggen dat water natuurlijk een mens is, maar we respecten het niet, want we hebben een aardig prijs voor het. Ik zou willen adressen aan alle panelen. Hoe moeten de regio's samen... We moeten water als een tool voor economische ontwikkeling. En investeren in water, zodat het de multiplie effect effecteert op economische, sociale en politieke ontwikkeling. Hoe brengt we dat in globale politiek? Hoe brengt we dat in het WTO? Of heb je gezien, waar we de consciousness en de urgenties met politieke officieel kunnen geraken? En er is... En remind ons zelfs van onze mens en de belangrijkste waterzijde. Is er een goede voorstelling? Of een komend? Dank u. Ik denk dat Jim... We gaan op de laatste deel van dat vraag. Je hebt gezegd over verschillende dingen. Laten we op de vraag van prijzing. Ik wil terug naar wat ik gezegd heb gezegd. Het is belangrijk om de water als sociale goed te recogniseren. Aalicatie en management van waterresourcen moet door sociale en democratische procesen zijn. Het kan niet alleen een markt zijn. Dat betekent dat je een weg moet hebben zodat je de water in de industrie en de basic huma nodig hebt om sociale beslissingen te maken over wat de andere alicatie moet zijn. Dat prijzing moet in dat context zijn. Als je een robust watermanagement systeem hebt die de alicatie heeft gemaakt en het decideed hoe je die alicatie maakt in de tijd van stress dan kan prijzing een tool zijn om te helpen om de juiste beslissingen te drijven. Maar je moet zeker dat het in dat context is. Je ziet een gewone aantal landen door het werk van de waterresourcen maar ook andere afstands. Landen zoals Zuid-Afrika die echt aanwezig zijn om de steekhouders samen te brengen om waterresourcen te manageen speciaal in de riverbasin. Dat krijgt je naar wat je gaat zeggen. Rekonisering dat dit een fundamentale economische en sociale ressource en de beslissingen te maken in een manier dat intelligent is over de ressource die wordt gegeven. Ik weet niet of het een rol is voor de WTO in dat maar misschien zijn andere panelisten op die kant. Ik wil als je dat niet vraagt dat het mogelijk is in de area van water om genoeg regeringen te brengen zoals het geval van vier exchange van goeds- of services in de WTO. Water is iets die het context is en ik denk dat de solution van de vraag die je hebt gegeven is in de waterpolicies van individuele regeringen en de coënitie van regeringen en ook met de inklusie van alle steekhouders. Overallige regeringen vervallen over de wereld. Ik geloof het niet. Ik bedankt voor de moderatie. De moderator zei dat we alleen vragen kunnen geven in een democratische land dat dit niet mogelijk is en dat NGO's alleen vragen kunnen vragen. Dat is een slecht objectie maar ik wilde iets zeggen over populatie en explosie. Mr Denden zei we moeten regeringen. Ik geloof met hem en een van de MDGs is een halve regering van 2015. Hoe kunnen we halve regeringen zonder een halve regering met een halve regering met een halve regering? Voor de panelist de vraag is hoe kan je zoveel profiteiten als je niet zoveel regering op sommige plekken. Nog iemand heeft een volantieel gevoel aan dat? Ik ga de Duitser antwoorden. Ik ook. Ik denk achter die vraag er is een gevoel dat er een gevoel is dat je alleen een solution kunt vinden als iemand winnen, als iemand anders loopt je zegt, hoe kan je met extreme poverty zoveel regeringen met een halve regering? Dat is een solution en je hebt dezelfde kwaliteit en je kunt een groep lose en een andere groep winnen. Maar ik denk dat dat niet is. Ik denk dat dat eigenlijk niet is. Maar ik denk dat wat we moeten doen is om meer wealth te creëren meer value dan dat 0-sum game. Dat is de vraag. Dat is waarom deze vraag over de 0-sum dat we nog niet behoorlijk zijn. Maar dat is mijn antwoord. Oké. Een meer vraag hier in de vond en dan gaan we opgaan. Het werkt, ja. Mijn naam is Jack Scher en ik kom uit Malibu, California in de U.S. En mijn vraag is dat er meer en meer scherzen in de komende probleem is of de water nog een publiek goed is om mijn regering te manageen. Is water privatisatie de solution of moet het nog een publiek goed zijn? Oké, John, ik ben glad dat je hier, man. Ik denk dat het een geweldig verandering zou zijn om over naar de private interest want het is een menselijk reis. We vinden nu dat Malibu heeft waterprobleem en geld, income, discrepancy probleem. Dus je kunt het zeer en de en we zullen nooit de systemische verandering door de privatisatie verandering. Maar we zijn heel dicht en in de volgende 2 of 3 jaar zal de water uit de buitenkant veranderen. We willen het niet uitvoeren, mensen vinden dat niet te veranderen. Ik ben 15 jaar in het restaurant en we zullen een kleine kaart in de buitenkant van onze competitoren met een logo van ons bier, een riljardeel. Deze bier is niet dezelfde, maar er is een verschil. Maar de truth is dat een van de soluties in landen is, maar in veel plekken, kan je de water veranderen. Ik denk niet dat je dat kunt doen. Het is hard te imagineren door private uitvoering. Dank u. Ik wil de sessie uitvoeren. Er zijn 2 minuten. En precies op tijd, zoals u zouden verwachten in Zwitserland. Rader dan mij, summariseren. Laten we het panelist vragen om een verantering te vragen. We hebben geluid onder stress. Dat de demand en de verantering niet in balans zou zijn en dat zal alleen weinig zijn. Het zou zelfs een meer urgent probleem zijn dan klimaatverandering. Is we genoeg en kunnen we deze stress veranderen? Can I start on the far left, your right and then end with Mr. Brabac. One sentence only, right? It's all time we have. 2 words then. I think that yes, working together we can. Thank you. Jim. We are not yet doing enough but if we manage these systems as the living systems there are we can in fact meet our water needs. We need to work together as global citizens and properly answer and try to answer the previous question. The 3 pillars of development planet, prosperity the sustainable development 3 pillars. I think that's a sustainable development where we can put this topic and really globalize the discussions and get solutions there. John. In the words of the American president Abraham Lincoln with public sentiment nothing can fail without it nothing can succeed. I think I think after all the discussions, after all the analysis we now have to get down to business. I would say if we look at this problem with facts concrete solutions I think we should probably be better prepared to actually do that business and do it properly. Thank you very much indeed to you all. I apologize for all of you who wanted to ask questions thanks the panel it's been a fabulous assembly. See you next year.