 Dear colleague, in my presentation I'm going to show a social role of prestige copper objects in the Middle Corporate Society's north of Carpathians, an example of the cemetery in Książnice in the southeast of Poland. Around 4500 BC, the process of formation of the social stratification in the early corporate cultures in Balkans, Peninsula and Carpathian basing began. One of the visible aspects of this process was the custom of setting up of the cemeteries outside of settlements. So, sorry, could you speak a little bit louder? Okay, the second was the practice of burial differentiation depending on sex of the dead and last was the appearance of the prestige copper and gold artifacts in funerary practice, for example in Varna and Hamadze culture and Tisa-Polgar culture. Between 4300 to 4200 BC, under Transcarpathian influence of late Langell and early Bodrok Kereslu culture, the process of social stratification and formation of the local elites in southwest of Poland in Jordan of culture and in the middle of Poland in Dreszko-Jewski Grove began. Circa about 4100 to 4000 BC, under influences of late Bodrok Kereslu and Hunyadi-Halon cultures from the Tisa river valley, the same process began in southeast of Poland in environment of the late Danubian units called the Lubin-Volinyan culture and Wichong-Zwutniki Grove. The Lubin-Volinyan culture developed mainly in the less regions of southeastern Poland and western Ukraine in the period since circa about 4100 until 3600 BC. The Wichong-Zwutniki Grove developed in a small region in the upper part of Vistula river in both sides of Vistula river in the same period. This figure shows the location of cemeteries and single graves of the both cultural unit under discussion, with special regard to the cemeteries where prestige copper objects were found, red and yellow points. We can clearly observe two zones where the burials with copper objects occurred. The first on the left bank of the Vistula river and the second one covering the northern part of the Lubin-Apland and the western-Volinyan-Apland. In the light of the radiocarbon dating obtained in the recent years, the rich in copper cemeteries in the western zone, for example the Zvota and Książnice, seem to be a slightly older than those in the eastern zone. And now I show you archeological data from one of the cemeteries from Książnice site 2. Książnice, site 2 in Książnice lies on the summit of Les covered hill, excavation carried out by me in 2001 to 2017, have uncovered the biggest cemetery of Lubin-Volinyan culture. On the cemetery, 22 copper artifacts were discovered in 7 burials, which constitute the greatest number of copper prestige artifacts in the southeast of Poland. And now I will present the men and female burials containing prestige copper artifacts. Grave number 3 is a symbolic partial burial with shut-hole copper acts of shiria type and with relics of human hand. We found in this grave only a few fingers. Grave number 4 belonged to the 50 years old male, skeleton which was lying in a flexed position on the right side with the skull directed toward the soul, discovered in a rectangular burial pit. Copper chisel was found slightly above the skull. In this burial we found also 3 vessels and numerous set of chocolate flint, microlights which were interpreted as arrowheads. Grave number 5 belonged to the 55, 60 years old male, skeleton which was lying in a flexed position on the right side with the skull directed toward the soul, discovered also in a rectangular burial pit. The grave goods comprised 3 otter vessels, copper hatchet of the Sakalhat type and 16 flint objects including reduced flint blade dagger which was lying in the position of the chest between left arm and the ribs. And this is position of copper hatchet. In grave number 17, poorly preserved skeleton in a flexed position on the right side belonged to the specimen in the age of adultus, most probably a male was discovered. The burial goods consisted of 3 clay vessels, 5 flint artifacts including a massive chocolate flint reduced blade also dagger, as well as an earring made of copper wire discovered at chest height at this point. Grave number 2 belonged to the 9 to 11 years old child, probably female because we have DNA data from this grave. Grave goods consist of 3 clay vessels, 4 flint artifacts and 3 copper objects. On the base of the skull a massive wire necklace was found, under the skull there lay a massive wire earring. A unique bracelet decorated with dimples and made of copper plate was found on the right walnut. A very rich collection of gifts consists of 4 clay vessels and 5 copper objects were excavated also in grave number 7, belonged to the 9 to 10 years old child, female, we also have a DNA data for this burial. Under the skull lay the massive wire earring, additionally at the level of thorax a cylindrical bead from a rolled sheet of copper was found. Another such bead was found in a nearby water pipe excavation which partly destroyed the grave, while the wire bracelet and the small ring were discovered approximately 30 centimeters to east of grave. Grave number 8 is probably one of the richest female burial in all younger Danubian cultures in the territory of Poland, a skeleton of a 35 years old female lying in a flexible position on the left side with the skull directed towards the soul. It was discovered in a partly destroyed rectangular burial pit. The unusually rich grave goods consisted of 10 ornaments made of copper wire, 2 necklaces with spectacle shaped pendants, 2 bracelets, 2 earrings and 2 rings, a chocolate flint retouched blade and a blade as well as fragments of 2 clay vessels. This is a close up of a situation of necklaces. And copper jewelry from this burial after conservation process. Now have a quick look at the chronology of graves containing copper artifacts. The Bayesian analysis of 4 radiocarbon dates shows the period of using of the prestige copper artifacts in Książnice necropolis most probably between 4030 to 3820 BC by medians. Now I am going to present the problem of the reconstruction, how people of the copper age wore their prestige objects. This is very difficult because we don't know much more about dress of these people and second because we have only data from a special kind of context from burials. And this is an attempt of reconstruction of the way of wearing. The prestige copper on the base of the richest male burial of the 60 years of old men. In the burial we found flint retouched blade, dagger in the position of the chest and we reconstruct it as a flint blade mounted in the organic handle put into organic sheet attached to the belt which was worn across the chest. We found a copper hatchet which was located next to the skull. We suppose that this hatchet was mounted in the wooden handle and this man held the hatchet in his right hand. There were also a numerous set of flint tools which were lying next to the right pelvic. They think that there were in a bag made of organic material. And the way of dressing in this picture is based on the Otzi reconstruction of dress force. And this is an attempt of reconstruction of the way of wearing the copper jewelry on the base of the richest female burial of 35 years old women. In this burial we found 10 artifacts made of copper wire. Two necklaces with a spectacle shaped pendants. First was located under the skull, second on the lever of the belly. Two earrings bigger and smaller, both of them laid under the skull. Two copper rings which were found on the lower part of the chest and two bracelets on the wrists, on the left and right hand. However we have a problem with interpretation of the way of wearing the earrings which we discovered under the partly destroyed skull and two rings which were found on the lever of the upper part of the chest. We suppose that the bigger of the earring was worn on a textile bandage or other head gear but smaller open earring was put on her ear. Similarly we have some doubts with the case of the two rings. If it's an element of the belt or application of the dress we don't know. And conclusion. And cemetery outside, too, in Chiang Nhi Tse is a perfect example of the changes taking place in the social structure of the younger Danugian cultures on the turn of 5th and 4th millennium BC. The necropolis consists of two separate burial fields situated several meters apart. The eastern field, a field intended for the local elite, consisted of two parallel rows of graves. The eastern row comprised an adult female burial and two burials of female children. The western row included two adult male burials, a putative male burial and a cenotaph. With this layout there was a partial burial accompanied by a shut-hole copper acts of Sharia night. The western field has more irregular layout and contains eight poorer burials. Grave goods consisted mainly of vessels and flint artifacts. Moreover, in this area we discovered a cremation grave and second cenotaph. On the base of the anthropological analysis and arrangement of skeleton right or left side and DNA data would give the grounds for us assuming that in the grave number 12, 15 and probably 14 men were buried, but in the graves number 10 and 11 on. In between of the both burial fields there was a male burial number 17, with copper earring and flint dagger, which are considered symbols of the high social status of the dead. One of the most interesting problems which we can observe in the Ekshonshnitsa is presence of rich female and female children burials accompanied by a prestige objects. It confirms that in the middle copper age in south of Poland certain women from that environment had attained special social status, presumably through an inheritance of other kinds of social relationships. Rich copper weapons and tools show close references to the late Bodrokera Stur culture, but copper jewelry is a specific mix of late Langell culture tradition, for example, spectacle-shaped pendants. And local tradition with copper wire necklaces with triple culture patterns, for example with bracelets made of plate of copper. Another kind of archaeological sources from this cemetery, a spotter and presence of cremation burial have a strong connection to the Hunyadi Halon-Naginani horizon. Thank you.