 Ingersoll's Lecture on Ghosts, Part 1. Ladies and gentlemen, in the first place allow me to tender my sincere thanks to the clergy of this city. I feel that I am greatly indebted to them for this magnificent audience. It has been said, and I believe it myself, that there is a vast amount of intolerance in the church of today. But when twenty-four clergymen, three of whom I believe are bishops, act as my advance agents, without expecting any remuneration or reward in this world, I must admit that perhaps I was mistaken on the question of intolerance, and I will say further that against those men I have not the slightest feeling in the world. Every man is the product of his own surroundings. He is the product of every circumstance that has ever touched him. He is the product to a certain degree of the religion and creed of his day, and when men show the slightest intolerance I blame the creed, I blame the religion, I blame the superstition that forced them to do so. I do not blame those men. Allow me to say further that this world is not in my judgment yet perfect. I am doing in a very feeble way to be sure, but I am still endeavoring according to my idea to make this world just a little better, to give a little more liberty to men, a little more liberty to women. I believe in the government of kindness. I believe in truth, in investigation, in free thought. I do not believe that the hand of want will be eternally extended to the world. I do not believe that the prison will forever scar the ground. I do not believe that the shadow of the gallows will forever curse the earth. I do not believe that it will always be true that the men who do the most work will have the least to wear and the least to eat. I do believe that the time will come when liberty and morality and justice, like the rings of Saturn, will surround the world, that the world will be better and every true man and every free man will do what he can to hasten the coming of the religion of human advancement. I understand that for the thousands and thousands of years that have gone by, all questions have been settled by religion. I understand that during all this time the people have gotten their information from the sacerdotal class, from priests. I know that when India was supreme they worshiped Brahma and Vishnu, and that when Rome held in its hand the red sword of war they worshiped Jove, and I know now that our religion has swept to the top. Any man living in India a few hundred or thousand years ago would have said this is the only true religion. Why? Because here is the only true civilization. A man afterward living in Egypt would have said this is the only true religion, because we have the best civilization. A Greek in Athens would have said this is the only true religion, and a Roman would have said we have the true religion. And now those religions all having died, although they were all true religions, we say ours is the only religion, because we are the greatest commercial nation in the world. There will come other nations. There will come other religions. Man has made every religion in this world in my judgment, and the religion has been good or bad according as the men who made it were good or bad. If they were savages and barbarians they made a god like the Jehovah of the Jews. If they were civilized, if they were kind and tender, they filled the heavens with kindness and love. Every man makes his own god. Show me the god a man worships, and I will tell you what kind of man he is. Everyone makes his own god. Everyone worships his own god, and if you are a civilized man you will have a civilized god. And we have been civilizing ours for hundreds and hundreds of years. He is getting better every day. I am going to tell you tonight just exactly what I think. The other lecture I delivered here was my conservative lecture. This is my radical one. We even hear it suggested that our religion, our Bible, has given us all we have of prosperity and greatness and grandeur. I deny it. We have become civilized in spite of it, and I will show you tonight that the obstruction that every science has had is what we have been pleased to call our religion, or superstition. I had a conversation with a gentleman once, and these gentlemen are always mistaking something that goes along with a thing for the cause of the thing. And he stated to me that his particular religion was the cause of all advancement. I said to him, no, sir, the causes of all advancement in my judgment are plug hats and suspenders. And I said to him, you go to Turkey where they are semi-barbarians, and you won't find a pair of suspenders or a plug hat in all that country. You go to Russia, and you will find now and then a pair of suspenders at Moscow or St. Petersburg. You go on down to you strike Austria, and black hats begin. Then you go on to Paris, Berlin, and New York, and you will find everybody wears suspenders and everybody wears black hats. Wherever you find education and music, there you will find black hats and suspenders. He said that any man who said to him that plug hats and suspenders had done more for mankind than the Bible and religion he would not talk to. As a matter of fact, we are controlled today by men who do not exist. We are controlled today by phenomena that never did exist. We are controlled by ghosts and dead men, and in the grasp of death is a scepter that controls the living present. I propose that we shall govern ourselves. I propose that we shall let the past go and let the dead past bury the dead past. I believe the American people have brains enough and nerve enough and courage enough to control and govern themselves without any assistance from dust or ghosts. That is my doctrine, and I am going to do what I can while I live to increase that feeling of independence and manhood in the American people. We can control ourselves. I believe in the gospel of this world. I believe in happiness right here. I do not believe in drinking skim milk all my life with the expectation of butter beyond the clouds. I believe in the gospel I say in this world. This is a mighty good world. There are plenty of good people in this world. There is lots of happiness in this world, and I say let us in every way we can increase it. I envy every man who is content with his lot, whether he is poor or whether he is rich. I tell you the man that tries to make somebody else happy and who owns his own soul, nobody having a mortgage or deed of trust upon his manhood or liberty. This world is a pretty good world for such a man. I do not care. I am going to say my say whether I make money or grow poor, no matter whether I get high office or walk along the dusty highway of the common. I am going to say my say, and I had rather be a farmer and live on forty acres of land, live in a long cabin that I built myself, and have a little grassy path going down to the spring so that I can go there and hear the waters gurgling and know that it is coming out from the lips of the earth like a poem whispering to the white pebbles. I would rather live there and have some hollyhocks at the corner of the house and the larks singing and swinging in the trees and some lattice over the window so that the sunlight can fall checkered on the babe in the cradle. I had rather live there and have the freedom of my own brain. I had rather do that and live in a palace of gold and crawl a slimy hypocrite through this world. Superstition has done enough harm already. Every religion nearly suspects everything that is pleasant, everything that is joyous, and they always have a notion that God feels best when we feel worst. They have chained the andromeda of joy to the cold rock of ignorance and fear, there to be devoured by the dragon of superstition. Church and state are two vultures that have fared upon the heart of chained Prometheus. I say, let the human race have a chance. Let every man think for himself and express that thought. There is no wrath in the serene heavens. There is no scowl in the blue of the sky. Upon the throne of the universe tyranny does not sit as king. The speaker here took from his pocket a pair of spectacles and adjusted them, saying, I am sorry to admit it. I have got to come to it. I hate to put on a pair of spectacles, but the other day as I was putting them on, a thought struck me. I see progress in this. To progress is to overcome the obstacles of nature, and in order to overcome this obstacle of the loss of sight, man invented spectacles. Spectacles led man to the telescope, with which he read all the starry heavens, and had it not been for the failure of sight, we wouldn't have seen a millionth part that we have. In the first place, we owe nothing but truth to the dead. I am going to tell the truth about them. There are three theories by which men account for all phenomena, for everything that happens. First, the supernatural. In the olden time, everything that happened, some deity produced, some spirit, some devil, some hubgoblin, some dryad, some fairy, some spook, something except nature. First, then, the supernatural, and a barbarian looking at the wide, mysterious sea, wandering through the depths of the forest, encountering the wild beasts troubled by strange dreams, accounted for everything by the actions of spirits good and bad. Second, the supernatural and natural. There is where the religious world is today, a mingling of the supernatural and natural, the idea being that God created the world and imposed upon men certain laws, and then let them run, and if they ever got into any trouble, then he would do a miracle, and accomplish any good that he desired to do. Third, and that is the grand theory, the natural. Between these theories there has been from the dawn of civilization a conflict. In this great war nearly all the soldiers have been in the ranks of the supernatural. The believers in the supernatural insist that matter is controlled and directed entirely by powers from without. The naturalists maintain that nature acts from within, that nature is not acted upon, that the universe is all there is, that nature with infinite arms embraces everything that exists, and that the supposed powers beyond the limits of the materially real are simply ghosts. You say, ah, this is materialism, this is the doctrine of matter. What is matter? I take a handful of earth in my hands, and into that dust I put seeds and arrows from the eternal quiver of the sun smite it, and the seeds grow, and bud, and blossom, and fill the air with perfume in my sight. Do you understand that? Do you understand how this dust, and these seeds, and that light, and this moisture produced that bud, and that flower, and that perfume? Do you understand that any better than you do the production of thought? Do you understand that any better than you do a dream? Do you understand that any better than you do the thoughts of love that you see in the eyes of the one you adore? Can you explain it? Can you tell what matter is? Have you the slightest conception? Yet you talk about matter as though you were acquainted with its origin as though you had compelled with clenched hands the very rocks to give up the secret of existence. Do you know what force is? Can you account for molecular action? Are you familiar with chemistry? Can you account for the loves and the hatreds of the atoms? Is there not something in matter that forever excludes you? Can you tell what matter really is? Before you cry materialism you had better find what matter is. Can you tell of anything without a material basis? Is it possible to imagine the annihilation of a single atom? Is it possible for you to conceive of the creation of a single atom? Can you have a thought that is not suggested to you by what you call matter? Did any man or woman or child ever have a solitary thought, dream or conception that was not suggested to them by something they had seen in nature? Can you conceive of anything the different parts of which have been suggested to you by nature? Can you conceive of an animal with the hoofs of a bison, with the pouch of a kangaroo, with the head of a buffalo, with the tail of a lion, with the scales of a fish, with the wings of a bird, and yet every part of this impossible monster has been suggested to you by nature? You say time, therefore you can think eternity. You say pain, therefore you can think hell. You say strength, therefore you can think omnipotence. You say wisdom, therefore you can think infinite wisdom. Everything you see, everything you can dream of or think of has been suggested to you by your surroundings, by nature. Man cannot rise above nature. Below nature man cannot fall. Imagine if you please the creation of a single atom. Can anyone here imagine the creation out of nothing of one atom? Can anyone here imagine the destruction of one atom? Can you imagine an atom being changed to nothing? Can you imagine nothing being changed to an atom? There is not a solitary person here with an imagination strong enough to think either of the creation of an atom or the annihilation of an atom. Matter and the universe are the same yesterday, today, and forever. There is just as much matter in the universe today as there ever was and as there ever will be. There is just as much force and just as much energy as there ever was or ever will be. But it is continually taking different shapes and forms. One day it is a man, another day it is animal, another day it is earth, another day it is metal, another day it is gas. It gains nothing and it loses nothing. Our fathers denounced materialism and accounted for all phenomena how? By the caprice of gods and devils. For thousands of years it was believed that ghosts, good ghosts, bad ghosts, benevolent and malevolent, in some mysterious way produced all phenomena. That disease and health, happiness and misery, fortune and misfortune, peace and war, life and death, success and failure were but arrows shot by those ghosts or shadowy phantoms to reward or punish mankind. That they were displeased or pleased by our actions. That they blessed the earth with harvest or cursed it with famine. That they fed or starved the children of men. That they crowned or uncrowned kings. That they controlled war. That they gave prosperous voyages, allowing the brave mariner to meet his wife and children inside the harbour bar or strude the sad shore with wrecks of ships and the bodies of men. Formerly these ghosts were believed to be almost innumerable. Earth, air and water were filled with these phantoms, but in modern times they have greatly decreased in number because the second proposition that I stated the supernatural and the natural has generally been adopted. But the remaining ghosts are supposed to perform the same functions as of your. Let me say right here that the object of every religion ever made by man has been to get on the good side of supposed powers. Has been to petition the gods to stop the earthquakes, to stop famine, to stop pestilence. It has always been something that man should do to prevent being punished by the powers of the air or to get from them some favours. It has always been believed that these ghosts could in some way be appeased. That they could be bettered by sacrifices, by prayer, by fasting, by the building of temples and cathedrals, by shedding the blood of men and beasts, by forms, by ceremonies, by kneelings, by prostrations and flagilations, by living alone in the wild desert, by the practice of celibacy, by inventing instruments of torture, by destroying men, women and children, by covering the earth with dungeons, by burning unbelievers, and by putting chains upon the thoughts and manacles upon the lips of men, by believing things without evidence, by believing things against evidence, by disbelieving and denying demonstrations, by despising facts, by hating reason, by discouraging investigation, by making an idiot of yourself. All these have been done to appease the winged monsters of the air. In the history of our poor world no horror has been omitted, no infamy has been left undone by believers in ghosts, and all the shadows were born of cowardice and malignity. They were painted by the pencil of fear upon the canvas of ignorance by that artist called superstition. From these ghosts our fathers received their information. These ghosts were the schoolmasters of our ancestors. They were the scientists, the philosophers, the geologists, the legislators, the astronomers, the physicians, the metaphysicians, and historians of the past. Let me give you my definition of metaphysics, that is to say the science of the unknown, the science of guessing. Metaphysics is where two fools get together, and each one admits that neither one can prove, and both say, hence we infer. That is the science of metaphysics. For this these ghosts were supposed to have the only experience and real knowledge. They inspired men to write books, and the books were sacred. If facts were found to be inconsistent with these books, so much the worse for the facts, and especially for the discoverers of these facts. It was then, and still is, believed that these sacred books are the basis of the idea of immortality. To give up the idea that these books were inspired is to renounce the idea of immortal life. I deny it. Men existed before books, and all the books that were ever written were written in my judgment by men. And the idea of immortality was not born of a book, but was born of the man who wrote the book. The idea of immortality, like the Great Sea, has ebbed and flowed in the human heart, beating its countless waves of hope and joy against the shores of time, and was not born of any book, nor of any religion, nor of any creed. It was born of human affection, and it will continue to eb and flow beneath the clouds and mists of doubt and darkness as long as love kisses the lips of death. It is the rainbow of hope shining upon the tears of grief. We love, therefore we wish to live, and the foundation of the idea of immortality is human affection and human love, and I have a thousand times more confidence in the affections of the human heart in the deep and splendid feelings of the human soul than I have in any book that ever was or ever can be written by mortal man. From the books written by those ghosts, we have at least ascertain that they knew nothing, whatever of the world in which we live. Did they know anything about the other? Upon every point where contradiction is possible, the ghosts have been contradicted. By these ghosts, by these citizens of the air, by this aristocracy of the clouds, the affairs of government were administered. All authority to govern came from them. The emperor's kings and potentates every one of them had the divine petroleum poured upon his head, the kerosene of authority. The emperor's kings and potentates had communications from the phantoms. Man was not considered as the source of power to rebel against the king, was to rebel against the ghosts, and nothing less than the blood of the offenders could appease the invisible phantoms. And by the authority of the ghosts, man was crushed and slain and plundered. Many toiled wearily in the sun and storm that a few favourites of the ghosts might live in idleness, and many lived in huts and caves and dens that the few might dwell in palaces, and many clothed themselves with rags that a few might robe themselves in purple and gold, and many crept and cringed and crawled that a few might tread upon their necks with feet of iron. From the ghosts man received not only authority but information. They told us the form of the earth. They informed us that eclipses were caused by the sins of man, especially the failure to pay tides, that the universe was made in six days, that gazing at the sky with a telescope was dangerous, that trying to be wise beyond what they had written was born of a rebellious and irreverent spirit. They told us there was no virtue like belief, no crime like doubt, that investigation was simply impudence, and the punishment therefore violent torment. They not only told us all about this world but about two others, and if their statements about the other two are as true as they were about this, no one can estimate the value of their information. For countless ages the world was governed by ghosts, and they spared no pains to change the eagle of the human intellect into a bat of darkness, to accomplish this infamous purpose to drive the love of truth from the human heart, to prevent the advancement of mankind, to shut out from the world every ray of intellectual light, to pollute every mind with superstition, the power of kings, the cunning and cruelty of priests, and the wealth of nations were used. In order to show you the information we got from the ghosts, and the condition of the world when the ghosts were the kings, let me call your attention to this. During these years of persecution, ignorance, superstition, and slavery, nearly all the people, the kings, lawyers, and doctors, learned and unlearned, believed in that frightful production of ignorance, of fear and faith called witchcraft. Witchcraft today is religion carried out. They believe that man was the sport and prey of devils, that the very air was thick with these enemies of man, and with few exceptions this hideous belief was universal. Under these conditions progress was almost impossible. Fear paralysed the brain. Progress is born of courage. Fear believes, courage doubts. Fear falls upon the earth and prays, courage stands erect and thinks. Fear retreats, courage advances. Fear is barbarism. Courage is civilization. Fear believes in witchcraft. Courage in science and in eternal law. The facts upon which this terrible belief rested were proved over and over again in nearly every court in Europe. Thousands confessed themselves guilty, admitted they had sold themselves to the devil. They gave the particulars of the sale, told what they said and what the devil replied. They confessed themselves guilty when they knew that confession was death, knew that their property would be confiscated, and their children left to beg their bread. This is one of the miracles of history, one of the strangest contradictions of the human mind. Without doubt they really believed themselves guilty. In the first place they believed in witchcraft as a fact, and when charged with it they became insane. They had read the account of the witch of Indore calling up the dead body of Samuel. He is an old man, he has his mantle on. They had read the account of Saul stooping to the earth and conversing with the spirit that had been called from the region of space by a witch. They had read a command from the Almighty, thou shalt not suffer a witch to live, and they believed the world was full of witches or else the Almighty would not have made a law against them. They believed in witchcraft and when they were charged with it they probably became insane and in their insanity they confessed their guilt. They found themselves abhorred and deserted, charged with a crime they could not disprove. Like a man in quicksand every effort only sunk them deeper, caught in this frightful web at the mercy of the devotees of superstition, hope led, and nothing remained but the insanity of confession. The whole world appeared insane. In the time of James I a man was burned for causing a storm at sea with the intention of drowning one of the royal family, but I do not think it would have been much of a crime if he had been really guilty. How could he disprove it? How could he show that he did not cause a storm at sea? All storms were at that time supposed to be inspired by the devil. The people believed that all storms were caused by him or by persons whom he assisted. I implore you to remember that the men who believed these things wrote our creeds and our confessions of faith, and it is by their dust that I am asked to kneel and pay implicit homage instead of investigating, and I implore you to recollect that they wrote our creeds. A woman was tried and convicted before Sir Matthew Hale, one of the greatest judges and lawyers of England for having caused children to vomit crooked pins. Think of that! The learned judge charged the intelligent jury that there was no doubt as to the existence of witches, that it was established by all history and expressly taught by the Bible. The woman was hung and her body was burned. Sir Thomas Moore declared that to give up witchcraft was to throw away the sacred scriptures. John Wesley II was a firm believer in ghosts and insisted upon their existence after all laws upon the subject had been repealed in England, and I beg of you to remember that John Wesley was the founder of the Methodist Church. In New England a woman was charged with being a witch and with having changed herself into a fox. While in that condition she was attacked and bitten by some dogs and a committee of three men was ordered by the court to examine this woman. They removed her clothing and searched for what they were pleased to call witch spots. That is to say spots into which a needle could be thrust without giving pain. They reported to the court that such spots were found. She denied that she had ever changed herself into a fox. On the report of the committee she was found guilty and she was actually executed by our Puritan fathers, the gentlemen who braved the danger of the deep for the sake of worshiping God and persecuting their fellow men. I belong to their blood and the best thing I can say about them and that which rises like a white shaft to their eternal honor is that they were in favor of education. A man was attacked by a wolf. He defended himself and succeeded in cutting off one of the animal's paws and the wolf ran away. He put it in his pocket and carried it home. There he found his wife with one of her hands gone and he took that paw from his pocket and put it on her arm and it assumed the appearance of a human hand and he charged his wife with being a witch. She was tried. She confessed her guilt and she was hung and her body was burned. My, is it possible? Did not somebody say something against such an infamous proceeding? Yes, they did. There was a young men's association who invited a man to come and give his ideas upon the subject. He denounced it. He said it was outrageous that it was nonsensical that it was infamous and the moment he went away the young men met and passed a resolution that he had deceived them and the clergy at that time protested and said, of course, let the man think if you call that kind of stuff thinking, but there was one man belonging to this association who had the courage to stand by the truth. Whether he believed in what the speaker said or not, he had that manliness and I take this opportunity to thank from the bottom of my heart a man. I have no idea he agrees with me except in this, whatever you do, do it like a man and be honest about it. People were burned for causing frost in summer for destroying crops with hail for causing storms for making cows go dry for souring beer for putting the devil in emptying so that they would not rise. The life of no one was secure to be charged was to be convicted. Every man was at the mercy of every other. This infamous belief was so firmly seated in the minds of the people that to express a doubt as to its existence was to be suspected yourself. They believed that animals were often taken possession of by devils and they believed that the killing of the animal would destroy the devil. They absolutely tried convicted and executed dumb beasts. At Vail in fourteen seventy a rooster was tried upon the charge of having laid an egg and the clergy said they had no doubt of it. Rooster eggs were used only in making witch ointment. This everybody knew. The rooster was convicted and with all due solemnity he was burned in the public square. So a hog and six pig died for having killed and partially eaten a child. The hog was convicted but the pigs on account of their extreme youth were acquitted. As late as seventeen forty a cow charged with being possessed of a devil was tried and was convicted. They used to exercise rats, snakes, and vermin. They used to go through the alleys and streets and fields and warn them to leave within a certain number of days and if they did not leave they threatened them with certain pains and penalties which they proceeded to recount. But let us be careful how we laugh about those things. Let us not pride ourselves too much on the progress of our age. We must not forget that some of our people are yet in the same intelligent business. Only a little while ago the governor of Minnesota appointed a day of fasting and prayer to see if the Lord could not be induced to kill the grasshoppers or send them into some other state. About the close of the fifteenth century was the excitement in regard to witchcraft and Pope Innocent the Eighth issued a bull directing the inquisitors to be vigilant in searching out and punishing all guilty of this crime. Forms for the crime were regularly issued. For two hundred and fifty years the church was busy in punishing the impossible crime of witchcraft by burning, hanging, and torturing men, women, and little children. Protestants were as active as Catholics and in Geneva five hundred witches were burned at the stake in three months and one thousand were executed in one year in the diocese of Kuro. At least one hundred thousand victims suffered in Germany. The last execution being in Galesburg and taking place in seventeen ninety-four and the last in Switzerland seventeen eighty. In England statutes were passed from Henry the Sixth to James the First defining the crime and punishment and the last act passed in the British Parliament was when Lord Bacon was a member of the house. In seventeen sixteen Mrs Hicks and daughter nine years of age were hung for selling their souls to the devil and raising a storm at sea by pulling off their stockings and making a lather of soap. In England it has been estimated that at least thirty thousand were hung or burned. The last victim executed in Scotland was seventeen twenty-two. She was an innocent old woman who had so little idea of her condition that she rejoiced at the sight of the fire destined to consume her two hashes. She had a daughter, lame in her hands, a circumstance accounted for from the fact that the witch had been used to transfer her daughter into a pony and get her shard by the devil, intelligent ancestors. In sixteen ninety-two nineteen persons were executed in Salem, Massachusetts for the crime of witchcraft. It was thought in those days that men and women made contracts with the devil and those contracts were confirmed at a meeting of witches and ghosts over which the devil presided. These contracts in some cases were for a few years others for life. General assemblages of witches were held once a year to these they rode from great distances on brooms and dogs and there they did homage to the prince of hell and offered him sacrifices. In eighteen thirty-six the populace of Holland plunged into the sea a woman reputed to be a sorceress and as the miserable woman persisted in rising to the surface she was pronounced guilty and was beaten to death. It was believed that the devil could transform people into any shape he pleased and whoever denounced this idea was denounced as an infidel that the believers in witchcraft appealed to the devil that with the devil were associated innumerable spirits who ranged over the world endeavoring to torment mankind that these spirits possessed a power and wisdom transcending the limits of human faculties. They believed the devil could carry persons hundreds of miles in a few seconds. They believed this because they knew that Christ had been carried by the devil in the same manner into a high mountain and placed upon a pinnacle. According to their account the prince of the air had absolutely taken the god of this infinite universe the creator of all its shining wheeling stars he had been absolutely taken by the devil to a pinnacle of the temple and there had been tempted by the devil to cast himself to the earth. Take from the church itself the threat and fear of hell and it becomes an extinct volcano. With the doctrine of hell taken from the church that is the end of the fall of man that is the end of the scheme of atonement. Take from them the idea of an eternal place of torment and the church is thrown back simply upon facts and Dean Stanley the leading ecclesiastic of Great Britain only the other day in Winchester Abbey said science will be the only theology of the future. Morality is the only religion of the years to come notwithstanding all the infamous things laid to the charge of the church we are told that the civilization of today is the child of what we are pleased to call superstition. Let me call your attention to what they received from their fears of these ghosts let me give you an outline of the sciences as taught by these philosophers there is one thing that a man is interested in if he is in anything and that is in the science of medicine a doctor is so to speak in partnership with nature he is a preserver if he is worthy of the name and now i want to show what they have gotten from these ghosts upon the science of medicine according to them all of the diseases were produced as a punishment by the good ghosts or out of pure malignity by the bad ones there were properly speaking no diseases the sick were simply possessed by ghosts the science of medicine consisted in knowing how to persuade these ghosts to vacate the premises and for thousands of years all diseases were treated with incantations hideous noises with the beating of drums and gongs everything was done to make the position of a ghost as unpleasant as possible and they generally succeeded in making things so disagreeable that if the ghost did not leave the patient died these ghosts were supposed to be different in rank power and dignity now then a man pretended to have won the favor of some powerful ghost who gave him power over the little ones such a man became a very great physician it was found that a certain kind of smoke was exceedingly offensive to the nostrils of your ordinary ghost with this smoke the sick room would be filled until the ghost vanished or the patient died it was also believed that certain words when properly pronounced were the most effective weapons for it was for a long time supposed that latin words were the best i suppose because latin was a dead language for thousands of years medicine consisted in driving the devils out of men in some instances bargains and promises were made with the ghosts one case is given where a multitude of devils traded a man off for a herd of swine in this transaction the devils were the losers the swine having immediately drowned themselves in the sea this idea of disease appears to have been almost universal and is not yet extinct the contortions of the epileptic the strange twitching of those afflicted with cholera were all seized as proof that the bodies of men were filled with vile and malignant spirits whoever endeavored to account for these things by natural causes whoever endeavored to cure disease by natural means was denounced as an infidel to explain anything was a crime it was to the interest of the sacerdotal class that all things should be accounted for by the will and power of god and the devil the moment it is admitted that all phenomena are within the domain of the natural and that all the prayers in the world cannot change one solitary fact the necessity for the priest disappears religion breathes the idea of miracles take from the minds of men the idea of the supernatural and superstition ceases to exist for this reason the church has always despised the man who explains the wonderful the moment that it began to be apparent that prayer could do nothing for the body the priest shifted his ground and began praying for the soul after the devil was substantially abandoned in the practice of medicine and when it was admitted that god had nothing to do with ordinary coughs and colds it was still believed that all the diseases were sent by him as punishment for the people it was thought to be a kind of blasphemy to even stay the ravages of pestilence formally when a pestilence fell upon a people the arguments of the priest were boundless he told the people that they had refused to pay their tides and they had doubted some of the doctrines of the church that in their hearts they had contempt for some of the priests of the lord and god was now taking his revenge and the people for the most part believed this issue of falsehood and hastened to fall upon their knees and to pour out their wealth upon the altars of hypocrisy the church never wanted disease to be absolutely under the control of man timothy dwight president of yale college preached a sermon against vaccination his idea was that if god had decreed that through all eternity certain men should die of smallpox it was a frightful sin to endeavor to prevent it that plagues and pestilence were instruments in the hands of god with which to gain the love and worship of mankind to find the cure for the disease was to take the punishment from the church no one tries to cure the agieu with prayer because quinine has been found to be altogether more reliable just as soon as a specific is found for a disease that disease is left out of the list of prayer the number of diseases with which god from time to time afflicts mankind is continually decreasing because the number of diseases that man can cure is continually increasing in a few years all diseases will be under the control of man the science of medicine has but one enemy superstition man was afraid to save his body for fear he would lose his soul is it any wonder that the people in those days believed in and taught the infamous doctrine of eternal punishment that makes god a heartless monster and man a slimy hypocrite and slave the ghosts were also historians and wrote the grossest absurdities they wrote as though they had been eyewitnesses of every occurrence they told all the past they predicted all the future with an impudence that amounted to sublimity they said that the tartars originally came from hell and that they were called tartars because that was one of the names of hell these gentlemen accounted for the red on the breasts of robins from the fact that those birds used to carry water to the unhappy infants in hell other imminent historians say that nero was in the habit of vomiting frogs when i read that i said some of the croakers of the present day would be better for such a vomit others say that the walls of a city fell down in answer to prayer they tell us that king arthur was not born like other mortals that he had great luck in killing giants that one of the giants that he killed wore clothes woven from the beards of kings that he had slain and to cap the climax the authors of this history were rewarded for having written the only reliable history of their country these are the men from whom we get our creeds and our confessions of faith in all the histories of those days there is hardly a truth facts were not considered of any importance they wrote and the people believed that the tracks of pharaoh's chariot were still visible upon the sands of the red sea and that they had been miraculously preserved as perpetual witnesses of the miracles that had been performed and they said to any man who denied it go there and you will find the tracks still upon the sand they accounted for everything as the work of good and evil spirit with cause and effect they had nothing to do facts were in no way related to each other god governed by infinite caprice filled the world with miracles and disconnected events and from his quiver came the arrows of pestilence and death the moment the idea is abandoned that everything in this universe is natural that all conception of history becomes impossible that the ghost of the present is not the child of the past the present is not the mother of the future in the domain of superstition all is accident and caprice and do not i pray you forget that the writers of our creeds and confessions of faith believe this to be a world of chance nothing happens by accident nothing happens by chance in the wide universe everything is necessarily produced every effect has behind it a cause every effect is in its turn a cause and there is in the wide domain of the infinite not room enough for a miracle when i say this i mean this is my idea i may be wrong but that is my idea it was believed by our intelligent ancestors that all law derived its greatness and force from the fact that it had been communicated to man by ghosts of course it is not pretended that the ghosts told everybody the law but they told it to a few and the few told it to the people and the people as a rule paid them exceedingly well for the trouble it was a long time before the people commenced making laws for themselves and strange as it may appear most of their laws are vastly superior to the ghost article through the web and wolf of human legislation gradually began to run and shine and glitter the golden thread of justice during these years of darkness it was believed that rather than see an act of injustice done rather than see the guilty triumph some ghost would interfere and i do wish from the bottom of my heart that that was the truth there never was forced upon my heart a more frightful conviction than this the right does not always prevail there never was forced upon my mind a more cruel conclusion than this innocence is not always a sufficient shield i wish it was i wish too that man suffered nothing but that which he brings upon himself and yet i find that in nine districts in india between the first day of last january and the first day of june two million eight hundred thousand people starved to death and that little children with their lips upon the breasts of famine died wasted away and why simply because a little while before the wind did not veer the one hundredth part of a degree and send clouds over the country freighted with rain freighted with love and joy but if that wind had just turned that way there would have been happy men women and children all clad in the garments of health i wish that i could know in my heart that there was some power that would see to it that men and women got exact justice somewhere i do wish that i knew the right would prevail that innocence was an infinite shield during these years it was believed that rather than see an act of injustice done some ghost would interfere this belief as a rule gave great satisfaction to the victorious party and as the other man was dead no complaint was ever made by him this doctrine was a sanctification of brute force and chance prisoners were made to grasp heart ions and if it burned them their guilt was established others were tied hands and feet and cast into the sea and if they sank the verdict of guilt was unanimous if they did not sink then they said water is such a pure element that it refuses to take a guilty person and consequently he is a witch or wizard why in england persons accused of crime could appeal to the cross and to a piece of sacramental bread if he could swallow this without choking he was acquitted and this practice was continued until the time of king edward who was choked to death after which it was discontinued this is the end of part one of ingersaw's lecture on ghosts part of the collected lectures of colonel robert g ingersaw this is a libra vox recording all libra vox recordings are in the public domain read for you by ted lorm in fort mill south carolina during april 2007 ingersaw's lecture on ghosts part two this is a libra vox recording all libra vox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit libra vox.org lectures of colonel r g ingersaw lecture number two ghosts ghosts and their followers always took delight in torturing with unusual pain any infraction of their laws and generally death was the penalty sometimes when a man committed only murder he was permitted to flee to a place of refuge murder being only a crime against man but for saying certain words or denying certain doctrines or for worshiping wrong ghosts or for failing to pray to the right one or for laughing at a priest or for saying that wine was not blood or bread was not flesh or for failing to regard rams horns as artillery or for saying that a raven as a rule was a poor landlord death produced by all the ways that ingenuity or hatred could devise was the penalty suffered by these men i tell you tonight law is a growth law is a science right and wrong exist in the nature of things things are not right because they are commanded they are not wrong because they are prohibited they are prohibited because we believe them wrong they are commended because we believe them right there are real crimes enough without creating artificial ones all progress in legislation for a thousand years has consisted in repealing the laws of the ghosts the idea of right and wrong is born of man's capacity to enjoy and suffer if man could not suffer if he could not inflict injury upon his brother if he could neither feel nor inflict punishment the idea of law the idea of right the idea of wrong never could have entered into his brain if man could not suffer if he could not inflict suffering the word conscience never would have passed the lips of man there is one good happiness there is one sin selfishness all laws should be for the preservation of the one and the destruction of the other under the regime of the ghosts the laws were not understood to exist in the nature of things they were supposed to be irresponsible commands and these commands were not supposed to rest upon reason they were simply the product of arbitrary will these penalties for the violations of those laws were as cruel as the penalties were absurd there were over 200 offenses for which man was punished with death think of it and these laws are said to have come from a most merciful god and yet we have become civilized to that degree in this country that in the state of new york there is only one crime punishable with death think of it did i not tell you that we were now civilizing our gods the tendency of those horrible laws the tendency of those frightful penalties was to blot the idea of justice from the human soul now i want to show you how perfectly every department of human knowledge or rather of ignorance was saturated with superstition i will for a moment refer to the science of language it was thought by our fathers that hebrew was the original language that it was taught to adam and eve in the garden of eden by the almighty himself every fact inconsistent with that idea was thrown away according to the ghosts the trouble at the tower of babel accounted for the fact that all the people did not speak the hebrew language the babel question settled all questions in the science of language after a time so many facts were found to be so inconsistent with the hebrew idea that it began to fall into disrepute and other languages began to be used andrew kent published a work on the science of language in which he stated that god spoke to adam and adam answered in hebrew and that the serpent probably spoke to eve in french in 1580 another celebrated work was published at antwerp in which the whole matter was put at rest showing beyond a doubt that the language spoken in paradise was neither more nor less than plain holland dutch another celebrated writer a contemporary of sir isaac newton discouraged the idea that all languages could be traced to one he maintained that language was of natural growth that we speak as naturally as we grow we talk as naturally as sings a bird or as blooms and blossoms a flower experience teaches us that this be so words are continually dying and continually being born words are the garments of thought through the lapse of time some were as rude as the skins of wild beasts and others pleasing and cultured like silk and gold words have been born of hatred and revenge of love and self sacrifice and fear of agony and joy the stars have fashioned them and in them mingled the darkness and the dawn every word that we get from the past is so to speak a mummy robed in the linen of the grave they are the crystallizations of human history of all that man enjoyed of all that man has suffered his victories and defeats all that he has lost and won words are the shadows of all that has been they are the mirrors of all that is the ghosts also enlightened our fathers in astronomy and geology according to them the world was made out of nothing and a little more nothing having been taken than was used in the construction of the world the stars were made out of the scraps that were left over cosmos in the sixth century taught that the stars were impelled by angels who carried them upon their shoulders rolled them in front of them or drew them after he also taught that each angel who pushed the star took great pains to observe what the other angels were doing so that the relative distances between the stars might always remain the same he stated that this world was a vast body of water with a strip of land on the outside that adam and eve lived on the outer strip that their descendants were drowned on the outer strip all except Noah and his family he accounted for night and day by saying that on the outer strip of land was a mountain around which the sun revolved producing darkness when it was hidden from sight and daylight when it emerged he also declared the earth to be flat this he proved by many passages from the bible among other reasons for believing the earth to be flat he referred to a passage in the new testament which says that Christ shall come again in glory and power and every eye shall see him and said now if the world is round how are the people on the other side going to see Christ when he come that settled the question and the church not only endorsed this book but declared that whoever believed either less or more was a heretic and would be dealt with as such in those blessed days ignorance was a king and science was an outcast the church knew that the moment the earth ceased to be the center of the universe and became a mere speck in the starry sphere of existence every religion would become a thing of the past in the name and by the authority of the ghosts men enslaved their fellow men they trampled upon the rights of women and children in the name and by the authority of ghosts they bought and sold each other they filled heaven with tyrants and the earth with slaves they filled the present with intolerance and the future with horror in the name and by the authority of the ghosts they declared superstition to be the real religion in the name and by the authority of the ghosts they imprisoned the human mind they polluted the conscience they subverted justice and they sainted hypocrisy I have endeavored in some degree to show you what has been and always will be when men are governed by superstition when they destroy the sublime standard of reason when they take the words of others and do not investigate them themselves even the great men of those days appear nearly as weak as the most ignorant one of the greatest men of the world an astronomer second to none discoverer of the three great laws that explain the solar system was an astrologer and believed that he could predict the career of a man by finding what star was in the ascendant at his birth he believed in what is called the music of the spheres and he has scribed the qualities of the music alto bass tenor and treble to certain of the planets another man kept an idiot whose words he put down and then put them together in such a manner as to make promises and waited patiently to see that they were fulfilled luther believed he had actually seen the devil and discussed points of theology with him the human mind was in chained every idea almost was a mystery facts were looked upon as worthless only the wonderful was worth preserving devils were thought to be the most industrious beings in the universe and with these imps every occurrence of an unusual character was connected there was no order certainty everything depended upon ghosts and phantoms and man for the most part considered himself at the mercy of malevolent spirits he protected himself as best he could with holy water and with tapers and wafers and cathedrals he made noises to frighten the ghosts and music to charm them he fasted when he was hungry and he feasted when he was not he believed everything unreasonable he humbled himself he crawled in the dust he shot the doors and windows and excluded every ray of light from his soul and he delayed not a day to repair the walls of his own prison and from the garden of the human heart they plucked and trampled into the bloody dust the flowers and blossoms they denounced man as totally depraved they made reason blasphemy they made pity a crime nothing so delighted them as painting the torments and tortures of the damned over the worm that never dies they grew poetic according to them the cries ascending from hell were the perfume of heaven they divided the world into saints and sinners and all the saints were going to heaven and all the sinners yonder now then you stand in the presence of a great disaster a house is on fire and there is seen at a window the frightened face of a woman with a babe in her arms appealing for help humanity cries out will someone go to the rescue they do not ask for a Methodist a Baptist or a Catholic they ask for a man all at once there starts from the crowd one that nobody ever suspected of being a saint one may be with a bad reputation but he goes up the ladder and is lost in a smoke and flame and a moment after he emerges and the great circles of flame hiss around him in a moment more he has reached the window in another moment with the woman and child in his arms he reaches the ground and gives his fainting burden to the bystanders and the people all stand hushed for a moment as they always do at such times and then the air is rent with acclamations tell me that that man is going to be sent to hell to eternal flames who is willing to risk his life rather than a woman and child should suffer from the fire one moment i despise that doctrine of hell any man that believes in eternal hell is afflicted with at least two diseases petrification of the heart and petrification of the brain i have seen upon the field of battle a boy 16 years of age struck by a fragment of a shell i have seen him fall i have seen him die with a curse upon his lips and the face of his mother in his heart tell me that his soul will be hurled from the field of battle where he lost his life that his country might live where he lost his life for the liberties of man tell me that he will be hurled from that field to eternal torment i pronounce it an infamous lie and yet according to these gentlemen that is to be the fate of nearly all the splendid fellows in this world i had in my possession a little while ago a piece of fresco that used to adorn a church at stratford on avon the place where shakespeare lived and there was a picture representing the mourning of the resurrection and people were getting out of their graves and devils were grabbing them by their heels and there was an immense monster with jaws opened so wide that a man could walk down his throat and the flames were issuing therefrom and there were devils driving people in droves down the throat of this monster and there was an immense kettle in which they had put these men and the fire was being stirred under it and hot pitch was being poured on top and little devils were setting it on fire and then on the walls there were hundreds hung up by their tongues to hooks and nails and then the saved there were some five or six saved upon the horizon and they had a most self satisfied grin of i told you so at the risk of being tiresome i have said that i have to show the direction of the human mind in slavery the effects of a widespread ignorance and the result of fear i want to convince you that every form of slavery physical or mental is a viper that will finally fill with poison the breast of any man alive i want to show you that there should be republicanism in the domain of thought as well as in civil government the first step towards progress is for man to cease to be the slave of the creatures of his creation men found at last that the event is more valuable than the prophecy especially if it never comes to pass they found that diseases were not produced by spirits that they could not be cured by frightening them away they found that death was as natural as life they began to study the anatomy and chemistry of the human body and they found that all was natural and the conjurer and the sorcerer were dismissed and the physician and surgeon were employed they learned that being born under a star or planet had nothing to do with their luck the astrologer was discharged and the astronomer took his place they found that the world had swept through the constellation for millions of ages they found that diseases were produced as easily as grass and were not sent as punishment on men for failing to believe a creed they found that man through intelligence could take advantage of the affairs of its nature that he could make the waves the winds the flames and the lightning slaves at his bidding to administer to his wants they found the ghosts knew nothing of benefit to man that they were entirely ignorant of history that they were bad doctors and worse surgeons that they knew nothing of the law and less of justice that they were poor politicians that they were tyrants and that they were without brains and utterly destitute of hearts the condition of this world during the dark ages shows exactly the result of enslaving the souls of men in those days there was no liberty liberty was despised and the laborer was considered but little above the beast ignorance like a vast cowl covered the brain of the world superstition ran riot and credulity sat upon the throne of the soul murder and hypocrisy were the companions of man and industry was a slave every country maintained that it was no robbery to take the property of mohammedin's by force and no murder to kill the owner lord bacon was the first man who maintained that a christian country was bound to keep its plighted faith with a mohammedin nation every man who could read or write was suspected of being a heretic in those days only one person in forty thousand could read or write all thought was discouraged the whole earth was ruled by the mitre and scepter by the altar and throne by fear and force by ignorance and faith by ghouls and ghosts in the fifteenth century the following law was in force in england who so ever reads the scripture in the mother tongue shall forfeit land cattle life and goods for themselves and their heirs forever and should be condemned for heretics to god enemies to the crown and traitors to the land during the period this law was in force thirty nine were hanged and their bodies burned in the sixteenth century men were burned because they failed to kneel to a procession of monks even the reformers so-called had no idea of liberty only when in the minority the moment they were clothed with power they began to exterminate with fire and sword castillo and i want you to recollect it was the first minister in the world that declared in favor of universal toleration castillo was pursued by john calvin like a wild beast calvin said that by such a monstrous doctrine he crucified christ afresh and they pursued that man until he died recollect it they can't do that nowadays you don't know how splendid i feel about the liberty i have the horizon is filled with glory and the air is filled with wings if there are any in this world who think they had better not tell what they really think because it will take bread from their little children because it will take clothing from their families don't do it don't make martyrs of yourselves i don't believe in martyrdom go right along with them go to church and say amen is near the right place as you can i will do your talking for you they can't take the bread away from me i will talk modemus a lawyer of france wrote a few words in favor of freedom of conscience montaigne was the first to raise his voice against torture in france but what was the voice of one man against a terrible cry of ignorant infatuated malevolent millions i intend to do what little i can and i am going to do it kindly i am going to appeal to reason and to charity to justice to science and to the future for my part i glory in the fact that in the new world in the united states liberty of conscience was first granted to man and that the constitution of the united states was the first great decree entered in the high court of human equity forever divorcing church and state it is the grandest step ever taken by the human race and the declaration of independence was the first document that retired ghosts from politics it is the first document that said authority does not come from the phantoms of the air authority is not from that direction it comes from the people themselves the declaration of independence enthroned man and dethroned the phantoms you will ask what has caused this change in three hundred years i answer the inventions and discoveries of the few the brave thoughts and heroic utterances of the few the acquisition of a few facts getting acquainted with our mother nature besides this you must remember that every wrong in some way tends to abolish itself it is hard to make a lie last always a lie will not fit the truth it will only fit another lie told on purpose to fit it nothing but truth lives the nobles and kings quarrel the priests began to dispute and the millions began to get their rights in 1441 printing was discovered at that time the past was a vast cemetery without an epitaph the ideas of men had mostly perished in the brains that had produced them printing gives an opening for thought it preserves ideas it made it possible for a man to bequeath to the world the wealth of his thoughts about the same time or a little before the moors had gone into europe and it can be truthfully said that science was thrust into the brain of europe upon the point of a Moorish lance they gave us paper and what is printing without paper a bird without wings i tell you paper has been a splendid thing the discovery of america whose shores were trod by the restless feet of adventure and the people of every nation out of this strange mingling of facts and fancies came the great republic every fact has pushed a superstition from the brain and a ghost from the cloud every mechanical art is an educator every loom every reaper every moor every steamboat every locomotive every engine every press every telegraph is a missionary of science and an apostle of progress every mill every furnace with its wheels and levers in which something is made for the convenience for the use and the comfort and the well-being of man is my kind of church and every schoolhouse is a temple education is the most radical thing in this world to teach the alphabet is to inaugurate a revolution to build a schoolhouse is to construct a fort every library is an arsenal filled with the weapons and ammunition of progress every fact is a monitor with sides of iron and a turret of steel i thank the inventors and discoverers i thank columbus and magellan i thank lock and hume bacon and shakespeare i thank fulton and watt franklin and morse who made the lightning the messenger of man i thank luther for protesting against the abuses of the church but denounce him because he was an enemy of liberty i thank calvin for writing a book in favor of religious freedom but i abhor him because he burned servetus i thank the puritans for saying that resistance to tyrants is obedience to god and yet i am compelled to admit that they were tyrants themselves i thank thomas pain because he was a believer in liberty i thank voltair that great man who for half a century was the intellectual monarch of europe and who from his throne at the foot of the alps pointed the finger of scorn at every hypocrite in christendom i thank the inventors i thank the discoverers the thinkers and the scientists and i thank the honest millions who have toiled i thank the brave men with brave thoughts they are the atlases upon whose broad and mighty shoulders rests the grand fabric of civilization they are the men who have broken and are still breaking the chains of superstition we are beginning to learn that to swap off a superstition for a fact to ascertain the real is to progress all that gives us better bodies and minds and clothes and food and pictures grander music better heads better hearts and that makes us better husbands and wives and better citizens all these things combined produce what we call the progress of the human race man advances only as he overcomes the obstacles of nature it is done by labor and thought labor is the foundation without great labor it is impossible to progress without labor on the part of those who conduct all great industries of life of those who battle with the obstacles of the sea on the part of the inventors the discoverers and the brave heroic thinkers no surplus is produced and from the surplus produced by labor spring the schools and universities the painters the sculptors the poets the hopes the loves and the aspirations of the world the surplus has given us the books it has given us all there is of beauty and eloquence i am aware there is a vast difference of opinion as to what progress is and that many denounce my ideas i know there are many worshipers of the past they see no beauty in anything from which they do not blow the dust of ages with the breath of praise they see nothing like the ancients no orators poets or statesmen like those who have been dust for thousands of years in a sermon on a certain evening some time ago the reverend dr. McGee of albany new york stated that colonel ingress all referring to jesus christ called him a dirty little jew i denounce that as a dirty little i have as much reverence for any man who ever did what he believed was right and died in order to benefit mankind as any man in this world do they treat an opponent with fairness are they investigating do they pull forward or do they hold back is science indebted to the church for a single fact let us know what it is what church has been the asylum for a persecuted truth what reform has been inaugurated by the church did the church abolish slavery no who commenced it such men as garrison and pilsbury and windell philips they were the titans that attacked the monster and not a solitary one of them ever belonged to a church has the church raised its voice against war no our men restrained by superstition our men restrained by what you call religion i used to think they were not now i admit they are no man has ever been restrained from the commission of a real crime but from an artificial one he has there was a man who committed murder they got the evidence but he confessed that he did it what did you do it for money did you get any money yes how much fifteen cents what kind of man was he a laboring man i killed what did you do with the money i bought liquor with it did he have anything else i think he had some meat and bread what did you do with that i ate the bread and threw away the meat it was friday so you see it will restrain in some things just to the extent that man has freed himself from the dominion of ghosts he has advanced to that extent he has freed himself from the tyrant's poison man has found that he must give liberty to others in order to have it himself he has found that a master is a slave that a tyrant is also a slave he has found that governments should be administered by men for men that the rights of all are to be protected that woman is at least the equal for man that men existed before books that all creeds were made by men that the few have a right to contradict what the pulpit asserts that man is responsible to himself and to others true religion must be free without liberty the brain is a dungeon and the mind a convict the slave may bow and cringe and crawl but he cannot worship he cannot adore true religion is the perfume of the free and grateful air true religion is the subordination of the passions to the intellect it is not a creed it is a life the theory that is afraid of investigation is not deserving of a place in the human mind i do not pretend to tell what all the truth is i do not pretend to have fathomed the abyss nor to have floated on outstretched wings level with the heights of thought i simply plead for freedom i denounce the cruelties and horrors of slavery i ask for light and air for the souls of men i say take off those chains break those manacles free those limbs release that brain i plead for the right to think to reason to investigate i ask that the future may be enriched with the honest thoughts of men i implore every human being to be a soldier in the army of progress i will not invade the rights of others you have no right to erect your toll gates upon the highways of thought you have no right to leap from the hedges of superstition and strike down the pioneers of the human race you have no right to sacrifice the liberties of man upon the altars of ghosts believe what you may preach what you desire have all the forms and ceremonies you please exercise your liberties in your own way and extend to all others the same right i attack the monsters the phantoms of imagination that have ruled the world i attack slavery i ask for room room for the human mind why should we sacrifice a real world that we have for one we know not of why should we enslave ourselves why should we forge fetters for our own hands why should we be the slaves of phantoms phantoms that we create ourselves the darkness of barbarism was the womb of these shadows in the light of science they cannot cloud the sky forever they have reddened the hands of man with innocent blood they made the cradle a curse and the grave a place of torment they blinded the eyes and stopped the ears of the human race they subverted all the ideas of justice by promising infinite rewards for finite virtues and threatening infinite punishment for finite offenses i plead for light for air for opportunity i plead for individual independence i plead for the rights of labor and of thought i plead for a chainless future let the ghosts go justice remains let them disappear men women and children are left let the monster fade away the world remains with its hills and seas and plains with its seasons of smiles and frowns its springs of leaf and bud its summer of shade and flower its autumn with the laden boughs when the withered banners of the corn are still and gathered fields are growing strangely one while death poetic death with hands that color what air they touch weaves in the autumn wood her tapestries of gold and brown the world remains with its winters and homes and firesides where grow and bloom the virtues of our race all these are left and music with its sad and thrilling voice and all there is of art and song and hope and love and aspiration high all these remain let the ghosts go we will worship them no more man is greater than these phantoms humanity is grander than all the creeds than all the books humanity is the great sea and these creeds and books and religions are but the waves of a day humanity is the sky and these religions and dogmas and theories are but the mists and clouds changing continually destined finally to melt away let the ghosts go we will worship them no more let them cover their eyeless sockets with their fleshless hands and fade forever from the imaginations of men end of Ingersoll's lecture on ghosts this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain this has been the second lecture from lectures of Colonel R. G. Ingersoll read for you by Ted DeLorm in Fort Mill, South Carolina during April 2007