 Seem 4 and GRISP is all about adding value so we know that rice of course has a third value but it can be increased not just by growing more rice for a farmer therefore more value but also improving the quality and using post harvest losses or through better post harvest technologies improve the quality of the rice through the marketability and the market price that the farmer can fetch for that but we also look at more breakthrough solutions how can we introduce new quality trades into the grain or how can we use byproducts from rice we have a lot of straw and rice husks that also could be utilized for other purposes if we have the technologies for this to add through that not only additional income to farmers or for farmers but also in some cases also help with solving another set of important environmental or development goals such as renewable energy production for example from biomass produce and rice fields. So one of the examples that I wish to side where I think we've made a big breakthrough in 2011 is the understanding of the genetic controls of how starch granules or starch crystals in the rice grain are being formed what are key quantitative trade loci that are responsible for that so we've discovered five of those and we found that if those are present in rice variety or if we move them together into a rice variety and most of the time essentially this variety has extremely low levels of chalk. Chalk is what looks like white stuff when you look at the rice grain we want rice grains or most consumers want rice grains to be translucent and if you have too much chalk then it essentially does two things it reduces the price of that rice so the net income for the farmer it often also leads to more broken rice so it's also bad for the miller so chalk-free rice and genetic discoveries that we have made in 2011 for this have a lot of prospect now to be moved into breeding of rice varieties and that is also very important with regard to climate change because we know that under increasing temperatures the amount of chalk and rice grain is also increasing so we're trying to address two problems one is more value for the farmer and better quality rice for the consumer and at the same time also making rice more resistant resilient to increased temperatures