 Hello, my name is Dr. Shiprakumar and I am working as a consultant gynaecologist at Manipal Hospital in Pune. So today we will be talking about menopausal health. As we know the average lifespan has increased all over the years from an average of 45 years at the time of independence. It has gone to now 70 years. That means more and more women are going to live after menopause and that life should be healthy and purposeful. So we are going to talk about what is menopause and what are the problems and how do we manage them. So first of all what is menopause? The absence of periods or this monthly cycles is for a period of one year is menopause. So and what is the average age? The average age is around 45 to 50 so we can say around 47 for Indian women. So what are the symptoms of menopause? So menopause can you can have visible symptoms or invisible symptoms. So the visible symptoms would be like irregular periods and hot flashes. So according to the periods these periods may vary for everyone. Some women may have it early heavy periods before menopause or some women may just have a smooth menopause where there be irregularity and slowly and steadily they will achieve menopause. So the best way to manage irregularities is to visit your gynecologist. The second is hot flashes. Now hot flashes is something like a warmth feeling or the woman may break into a sweat suddenly and this may also disturb their sleep and they can be actually very painful for the women. We'll come to the management of hot flashes in a moment. Next is the invisible ones which happen start happening even before the woman attains menopause and these include the loss of bone that is the osteopenia or osteoporosis which is one of the most delibitating and most frequently occurring problem of menopause. The other is cardiovascular risk. The cardiovascular risk after menopause almost all men and women are at the same risk of cardiovascular or heart disease. So healthy lifestyle again is very important for women post menopause. The third important thing is the presence of cancers as we age we are more prone to cancers both men and women and that is true for post menopausal women. So how do we deal with all this so for irregular periods as I said previously also that you need to be regular with your checkups you need to see at the gynecologist in case you have heavy bleeding specially. Second is the hot flashes here comes the importance of lifestyle modification here you exercise is one of the most important things to help with post menopausal hot flashes. So and of course dietary so diet again including soya bean in your diet including proteins in your diet maintaining a healthy lifestyle having less of tea and coffee and of course a regular sleep at of eight hours at night with help help you manage these hot flashes. If these post menopausal hot flashes are not helped by your dietary changes and exercise then medications are always available you can consult your gynecologist for the same. Next coming to bone loss now the bone loss starts occurring much before the menopause happens say around the age of 35. So exercise again plays a very important role it is the bone loss is generally preceded by muscle loss that is also known as sarcopenia and exercise takes care of it. So weight bearing exercise specially like cycling and swimming in post menopausal and perimenopausal help will help the woman gain muscle mass and also bone mass. Second is calcium intake good calcium diet calcium rich diet like nuts broccoli dairy milk yogurt in your diet should be included besides that calcium supplements can always be given by your doctor. Third is the risk of cancers so cervical cancer and breast cancer the most important cancers and after the age of 40 every woman should undergo testing for these. So with this I like to with this next is the risk of cardiovascular disease as I said women are at the same risk as men after menopause for cardiovascular disease here again your exercise and dietary changes will help you prevent cardiovascular problems. Last but not the least I like to sum up my talk that diet and exercise are most important for a healthy menopause. Thank you so much.