 Oxidation we have done? Oxidation of this, okay, write down this one. Oxidation of aldehyde and ketone, okay. Oxidation of aldehyde and ketone. We know aldehyde under oxidation water gives acid, aldehyde on oxidation gives acid, on reduction gives alcohol, right? So there are different oxidizing agent we have. This is unique to memorize actually, there is no reactions we have in this. So for aldehydes under oxidation it gives acid, okay. The different reagent we use for this reaction is, we can use acidified K2Cr2O7 and A2Cr2O7 also we can use or we can also use KMNO4, okay. The second one, three different reagent we use here that is tollens reagent. This three reagent we will do. This is the test of aldehyde or ketone, right? So this you have to memorize. Tollens reagent, felling solution test and benedict. These three reagents we will see. First one write down tollens reagent, write down it is ammonical solution of silver nitrate. Tollens reagent write down it is the ammonical solution of silver nitrate. It is a mild oxidizing agent oxidizes aldehyde to carbo select iron. Mild oxidizing agent aldehyde, sorry oxidizes aldehydes to carbo select iron. Write down when aldehyde is added to it the silver oxide reduces to metallic silver. The silver oxide reduces to metallic silver which deposited as a mirror. As a layer actually, silver like layer that we call it as silver mirror, okay. Which deposited as a mirror and this test we also call it as silver mirror test. When aldehyde added to it the silver oxide reduces to metallic silver which deposited as a mirror and we call it as silver mirror test, okay. Reaction of aldehyde on reaction is not important. So this 2 AG NO3 silver nitrate copied on this reaction reacts with 2 NH4 OH and it forms silver oxide AG2O plus NH4 NO3 plus H2O. So this AG2O combines with 4 NH4 OH and further it gives 2 AG NH3 OH plus H2O. This solution is actually tolerance reagent, okay. Now the reaction of aldehyde when you add aldehyde into it RCHO it reacts with the silver oxide and converts into acid plus silver metal 2 molecules of this. Other reaction we can also write it as RCHO reacts with 2 AG NH3 plus 3 OH minus it gets RCOO minus plus AG plus 4 NH3 plus 2 H2O. Reaction like I said it is not important. Carbocytic acid does not form will get iron because the reaction is in basic medium OH minus is there. So again we will get ions, okay. The important thing here is write down note first you copy down the reaction just you keep that in mind that what is tolerance reagent it is a silver it is a monocle solution of silver nitrate that you keep in mind and we get a silver layer here silver metal forms we get a layer of silver and that is why we also call it a silver mirror test, okay. One note write down both aromatic and aliphatic aldehyde both aromatic and aliphatic aldehyde reduces tolerance reagent without affecting unsaturation reduces tolerance reagent without affecting unsaturation. Next second one failing solution write down it is a mixture of dilute CUSO4 solution with sodium potassium tetrate and NaOH. Sodium potassium tetrate the formula is not important but if you want you can write it down COONA CHCOOK OH OH this is sodium potassium tetrate not important, right. So a solution of CUSO4 dilute CUSO4 with this and NaOH, okay. When aldehyde when aldehyde added into the solution or failing solution the cupric ion I will write down the reaction RCHO plus cupric ion is COO which is blue in color, right which is blue in color it oxidizes acid and it forms RCOOH plus we will get CO2 which is red or we also write it down it is bric red color changes from blue to red or bric red, okay cupric to cuprous so color change you must keep in mind aromatic aldehyde does not give this test aromatic aldehyde does not give this test, okay. Next you write down Benedict solution write down it is a solution of NaOH, okay. So write down Benedict solution it is a solution of CUSO4 sodium citrate and sodium carbonate, sodium citrate and sodium carbonate, aldehyde reduces the solution and gives blue color complex and gives blue color complex with a precipitate of with a precipitate of carbon of CO2O which is bric red, okay this question they have asked concept related precipitate but that, right COO is blue, CO2O is bric red, okay this question they have asked which precipitate we get in this reaction, okay. So bric red the color was bric red given in some look they have given red also to be more specific it is bric red color, okay so this also you must write down. For note you write down Benzaldehyde does not respond to, Benzaldehyde does not respond to felling or Benedict test due to felling or Benedict test due to alkaline nature of these reagents, okay. The next we have oxidation of ketones see for ketones we require comparatively stronger oxidizing agent because there is no hydrogen attach to the carbonyl group here, right. To oxidize ketone we need stronger oxidizing agent, right and the reaction here that we use for the oxidation of ketone we call it as bare villager oxidation reaction. In this reaction the agent we use is peroxy acid for example CF3 CO3H we can also use CF3 CO3H we can also use carous acid H2SO5 is carous acid, okay name also you must remember carous acid, okay we can also use MCPVA what is MCPVA meta-chloro-perventuric acid the structure of this is at meta position we have chlorine and we have CO3H this is meta chloro-perventuric acid. What happened? This is we have peroxy linkage into this like the CO3 H2SO5 structure, CS3 C double bond O O OH peroxy acid we must as 2 SO5 structure you know the structure S2 SO5 S double bond O double bond O this is the structure P block you have also done a redox look here, redox look here redox look here last year. Okay so in this reaction the ketone converts into ester, okay so suppose the reaction is this RC double bond O R dash when it is heated with CF3 CO3 H so product is R2 SO5 C double bond O O R dash one oxygen you need to insert between one of the alkyl group and carbonyl group, okay which alkyl group for this we will see, okay like the more electron releasing group that and carbonyl group we will see that what we have to do this one, okay so first of all the overall reaction is this the alkyl group which is more electron releasing that alkyl group and carbonyl group in between that just put oxygen, okay that will be the product here, okay a mechanism you need, okay a mechanism you need, H plus one plus one plus one plus one plus one plus one plus one plus one plus one plus one this H plus we will take this electron pair and we get RC OH positive R dash, okay in the next step what happens the CF3 C double bond O O minus this behaves as a reglophile attached on this carbonyl, okay so it forms RC OH R dash O O okay so it forms RC OH R dash C double bond O and whatever CF3 C is C double bond, okay now when you heat this this bond because you see this peroxy link here this link it is very weak why it is weak because of this lone pair, lone pair repulsion, right so slightly you heat this this bond breaks, okay this electron pair is taken up by this oxygen and this CF3 CO minus goes out as a living group CF3 CO minus which is resonance stabilized also first of all CF3 is strong electron withdrawing and this is also in resonance with this pi bond, right so this is stable and what we get here oxygen say electron layer is there okay so oxygen is there okay now positive charge is there okay now to push it this time I will come to you, okay so what we get here you can rearrange it, okay now from this since we have H plus initially we have used so this H plus comes out and we get what RC double bond O understood got it okay so oxygen is there okay so take this bond pair of electron and rearrange itself so overall like what you have to do you have just insert an oxygen right but where you have to insert for that you have to keep in mind right so order you write down like the migratory amplitude of this alkyl group for that you write down the order it is if it is hydrogen present maximum for hydrogen then phenyl this order we have the migrating nature of the alkyl group or whatever is attached to this carbonyl group okay both side if it is hydrogen one side maximum tendency of hydrogen we have then we have phenyl then we have 3 degree 2 degree 1 degree this is the order okay electron releasing nature if it is more migrating migrating tendency will be more so if you compare phenyl and then we have chlorofenyl and then nitrophenyl okay this is the order we have write down in case of alkyl eryketone in case of alkyl eryketone erygroup migrates erygroup migrates except in the case of tertiary butyl alkyl eryl will migrate except we have tertiary butyl so if you have one side tertiary butyl group another side we have erygroup then tertiary butyl okay what is the product in this reaction which one migrate this one is this one this one is more intense right so our reaction product is what C C C H 5 O C double bond O C H 3 C H 3 in this one anywhere you put oxygen we get a 6 member ring double bond O in this which one migrate C H 3 because this is what this is more this is 2 degree 3 degree right and this is 2 degree so oxygen will be here and then this C H 3 will be here this is the aldehyde ketone will take a ring and then we will see some reactions of tabozoic acid okay tabozoic acid we have done most of the reactions only few preparation methods here and one two reactions mostly today also we can finish with acid