 This research paper examined the effects of polymer nanoparticles on two types of bacteria, gram-positive and gram-negative. It found that the nanoparticles had no immediate lethal effect on either type of bacteria, but did cause changes in the surface charge of the bacteria, which could potentially affect their ability to survive in certain environments. Additionally, the nanoparticles were observed to bind to the bacterial cell membrane, though this did not appear to have any significant impact on the bacteria's shape or structure. This article was authored by Marcin Sejak, Johanna Kotinska, Jegor Sambrowski and others.