 Welcome to the Spring Fever Garden Forums, where we connect you, the gardener, to the experts at North Dakota State University. My name is Tom Calb, and I'm an Extension Horticulturist in the Department of Plant Sciences. This is the second of our four forums, and tonight our theme is Landscapes. And I think it's always fun to learn about what's new at garden centers and nurseries. And here to tell us about some new trees and shrubs is Dr. Todd West. Todd's a professor at North Dakota State University, and he's our director of our woody plant improvement program. He earned his PhD from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. The NDSU woody plant improvement program focuses on the development of new woody cultivars that are suited for USDA hardening the zones three and four. A few of Todd's favorite things are spending time with his family and wandering around and get lost in arboretums, and he likes old cars too. So Todd, welcome to the forums. So we're going to be a little bit biased tonight. We're going to talk about some new NDSU stuff that's available. We're also going to talk about non-NDSU stuff. All right, so we have it broken down kind of by species. This one is just a little bit out of place, but this is our newest introduction. It's called Highland Guard Mountain Pine. Many of you are probably familiar with Tannenbaum Mugopine. This one is Tannenbaum on steroids. And so instead of being that 15 to 18 foot, it's going to get 30 to 40 foot. The picture of the parent tree is on the left. And what is typical of Pine of San Sonata is what you see there in that center picture where I'm standing by where they tend to be really wide and not that really nice broad or that nice tight upright. So I'm really excited about this one. It will be available next season. So not this year, but it'll be available next year. And so it is going to be available through Oregon Pride Nurseries. So they deliver all throughout our region here. And so if you really want that nice vertical accent, you know, one thing that happened this summer for us, you know, when we went into the severe drought is that the arborvite really got hit hard because they need that more moisture. Whereas then the Mugos actually did fairly well. And, and so on Sonata is a close relative, and it performed very well even during drought. So here's just some of the production photos. Again, they're loving the way this plant looks loving the way it's growing. So this one will be in your garden center here soon. Now, speaking of arborvite, there's a new one called North Pole. And Art Bow, who was associated with NDSU, he made this selection, and it's 15 foot by five foot. So it's much more narrow than emerald green, super hardy obviously selected out of Minnesota, resistant to winter burn, more tolerant. Well, it's tolerant to wet soil. But again, the biggest two big issues is drought, and then deer. But a really nice, beautiful form, picture on the left, you can see a nice cluster of them. So make a very good screen. Birch that we have several new birch out, which I'm really excited about. This is one of my favorite trees if you've ever visited during our field days in August out at Absaraka, you've definitely seen this tree, but it's now readily available. And so this is Cinnamon Curls Dwarf Crayon birch. And it doesn't get any bigger than nine foot. It's a kind of a close relative to river birch. So it's resistant to the bronze birch borer, also very drought tolerant for a birch. And it's performed really well, beautiful golden fall color. No problem with leaf scorch and drought. The picture on the left is what the species should be. And this should be about a 25 to 30 foot tree, whereas this one is a true dwarf. It's available with Isley nursery. They have been growing it out they now have it in number threes, three gallon pots and also six gallon pots for a much larger tree. I think the six gallon is retailing for about $250 to $300. So it's not a cheap tree, but it is a specimen tree. So you would expect to pay a little bit more for a specimen. Then we have another new one. This is the Tianshin birch emerald flare. I consider this to be an improved genetics on Dakota pinnacle. So Dakota pinnacle has had some problems. This one I think is a much better tree. And, and so has this very similar form to if you're familiar with Dakota pinnacle but this is a white bark birch. As you can see in the picture on the left, what I like about it though is that it still maintains a little bit more appeal. It's not super appealing like a paper birch but it still has appeal, unlike where the Dakota pinnacle becomes static because it's an Asian white birch. So all birch are produced in tissue culture. We, what's really exciting about though the nursery growers really like it because it grows really fast in compared to some of the others. Now Northern Tribute River birch is not a new one for our program. It's actually been around for quite a while. 2017 it was finally available through Heritage but now it's becoming much more available in the nursery trade. I saw quite a few of them at the garden centers here in Fargo and Bismarck. So now this is a time when you actually can really get it. So it's one I would highly recommend not a new plant but kind of new, newly available, but drought tolerant pH tolerant and really hardy so beautiful tree. I mean look at that bark you can't go wrong with with bark and beautiful foliage no pH problems with the chlorosis which we typically see with river birch. Buckeye, lava burst buckeye again we're hitting NDSU pretty hard but I will get into some others. This is the first and only buckeye that's been selected on form. It's a more of a narrow upright leaf scorch resistant and has smaller seeds and less seeds but beautiful beautiful fall color. I love this picture of the sequence here on the left is the first year planting the center is the second year planting and you just see how much of a pole it kind of is it's just so narrow and upright. And there you can see the color on the right. Early glow buckeye so now this is not an NDSU release. This is out of Johnson's nursery with my canny and another really nice buckeye and see you'll be seeing this in the garden centers. And it is nearly seedless as well so it's nice because buckeye the seeds are considered to be poisonous and and with having less seed than there's less worry. But beautiful foliage in the summer and beautiful fall color and leaf scorch resistant as well. Coffee tree coffee tree are getting to be very popular because there's not a lot of disease issues with them. But there's a new one called skinny latte. Now it's going to be a big tree it's going to be up to 50 foot here's the tree on the right this is actually have the Morton Arboretum. It is seedless so it's a male so you won't have those big chunky pods, but a nice vertical accent so if you have a limited space or if you want to have a nice deciduous screen you could plant them fairly close together. And just a really nice selection so this one's going to be available and you'll see this the garden centers. And this is how it differs if you look on the left you can see the standard coffee tree which is typically 40 foot wide, whereas skinny latte is only about 18 foot wide so it fits on boulevards much better and in tighter landscapes. Crab apples. Everybody loves spring snow. I hate it. Because it has so many disease problems, you know it is fruitless but what that that takes away some of the great ornamental qualities of a crab apple so this is a new one called snow crystal. It is a compact form it kind of has that gumdrop shape that you see with little leaf Linden but it's only 15 foot by 12 foot white flowers just like spring snow, but you get this yellow to golden orange fruits and and goes all the way into the winter months just absolutely gorgeous. And this is a new one that you'll see and what's great about it is has excellent resistance to apple scab fire blight cedar apple rust and mildew, whereas spring snow does not. So here's kind of the sequence from flower to fruit. Absolutely gorgeous this is available through J Frank Schmidt, and again they deliver throughout our entire region. So this is one that you'll be seeing at the garden centers. Back to NDSU Northern Empress Japanese Elm this is now available and hitting the garden centers this year as well. Currently Bailey's is the only producer but we have numerous producers they're following right on their heels so they'll be available next year in even greater quantities. But all the nurseries are scrambling to try to get this plant because it's so so wonderful. What's so wonderful about it is that has burgundy fall color and it's nearly seedless we compared it to another Elm where Vanguard where it had 4200 seeds in about a two foot section whereas the Northern Empress only had 20. So cleanup, all those horrible seeds you have to clean up from Elms, you won't be doing that with Northern Empress. So this is another Elm this is also another one this is also Japanese Elm both these are Japanese Elms are resistant to Dutch Elm disease. This is going to be a big tree though 60 foot by 40 foot it will have kind of that green yellow fall color not as nice as Northern Empress, but DD tolerant and just absolutely great grower very nice strong branch angles and beautiful foliage during the growing season. This is a silver maple out. It's called symmetry. And this was collected from a witch's broom out of Wisconsin and out of Wisconsin and I'm from Wisconsin I spelled I didn't misspelled Wisconsin alright way to go. But it's a unique compact growth habit. And so you're looking at about a 30 foot by 20 foot kind of this nice little rounded oval we haven't evaluated yet they're saying Hardy zone three. I don't know. I would say maybe for sure zone four, but be careful zone three we don't know yet. You go pine I mentioned tannin bomb earlier. This one is highland splendor this one's now available in the nursery trade this is an improved genetics upon tannin bomb, Oregon pride was growing this they're evaluating it, and they love it better than tannin bomb so they're dropping tannin bomb from all production and they're only growing now highland splendor. It has a nicer darker green color kind of an army green. And it actually grows 20% faster which is not a lot, but for a mugo pine mugo pines are one of the slowest growing pines there are. And so anytime we can improve upon growth rate. It's a win win for the nurseries but also us in a landscape because we wanted to get to size faster. So red buds. Again, another one that is not new, but new newly a much more available I saw for the first time in Fargo available in the garden centers this last season so hopefully be much more readily available now. And so this is northern Harold red bud. And so, Jay Frank Schmidt says 3b. It will be 3b but you'll probably get a little bit of die back. This is a solid for a but beautiful beautiful flowers in the spring, and some of the thickest leaves of all of the cultivars of red bud. And so this is a new one Greg Morgensen, who is retired from NDSU of my research specialist from our program. He selected this one and it's available through Jay Frank Schmidt this is not an NDSU release this is a Jay Frank Schmidt in conjunction with George, George, with Greg Morgensen is called northern Sentinel. And another nice upright more narrow habit and what's typical of honey locus which generally gets a little bit wider. And so much better choice than for a boulevard but also those tighter landscapes, you know similar to that skinny latte for the coffee tree. Otherwise everything else about it it's going to be the same. It is a male so it will be nearly seedless you know they do sometimes throw a little bit of seed, but a really nice selection of a honey locus. So, erronea. There are quite a few cultivars that have been coming out lately. We have the brilliant tisima, the ground hug, low scape hedger, low scape mound, low scape snow fire. Here's just a picture from spring meadow showing Viking which is kind of the standard that was used for fruit production and seeing what low scape mound can do so now these are not necessarily new to the market but they're becoming much more common. Ground hug you know is no more than 14 inches tall. I love erronea because you get that red fall fall color dark purple berries, their deer resistant rain gardens so which is really important because then they can handle it really wet but they can also handle it really dry and their pollinator friendly. So here you have this really nice ground cover. Again just a little bit bigger now three to five foot so you can get into kind of a small hedge, and you still get that beautiful fall color just a really nice clean plant. Low scape snow fire is the heaviest bloomer and heaviest fruit set so if you're looking for a lot of bloom and a lot of fruit this is the one I would use it's not three to 54 feet. It's about three to five feet by three to four feet, but really nice plan, especially if you want that erronea berry, which is really healthy doesn't taste that amazing but it's definitely healthy makes great smoothies super high and antioxidants, but beautiful plant. Azaleas fire flare orange this one I snuck in I really shouldn't because this won't be available till next year, but we have a producer now, and so it's being produced in tissue culture out in Washington. And we have several nurseries that are receiving liners this year which they'll grow out so it should be available next year but pH tolerant, and also clay tolerant and hardy zone three. Whereas we have the issues with the northern light series not being completely hardy and they really are if he on our pH as well. This does extremely well. So just absolutely beautiful plant. Hydrangeas, there's a million new hydrangeas every year. So it's hard to keep track of them. I like this one berry white. And, you know, it's pretty standard for a panicle hydrangea, but it has really nice strong upright stem so you're not going to get a lot of the drooping. It does start out white and progress to a dark pink. And this is out of first editions with Bailey's little lime punch again out of spring meadow so you can see what the plant will look like there. It's three to five foot and similar to little lime. So you emerge lime green blooms, but it differs as the flowers aged to pink instead. So really neat little, little plant. So here you can see then the color of what it's going to do. So very different from little lime. So I'm excited about this one. I love this name puffer fish. And this is also a panicle. It's more puffed up. More of a puffed up Bobo. Nice white blooms. And then the as the blooms age they turn the lime green, but then they have this little bit of a surprise a fresh big a sprig of white flowers emerge from the tip of the panicle. So you can see that on the right. So you have the typical panicle as you can see on the left but then when it's done it throws this little bit of a tough, which is kind of interesting. Lilacs, pink teeny is a Preston lilac. So this is out of Jeffrey's nursery and it's more tidy or compact version than Miss Canada and a lot of us are very familiar with Miss Canada pretty big 10 foot by eight foot this is four to five by four. This was new in 2020. But now you definitely should be able to find this available in your garden center. Just beautiful color so just, you know, think of it as a nice improved version. Roses there's there's a handful of new roses that with the also easy series so also easy Italian ice just beautiful color, you know just absolutely fabulous hearty zone for then there's also easy urban legend. And so again just a really nice color for a rose and then also easy peasy. So three new also easy roses that we can add to our landscape. Service berry. If you notice a theme we have a theme of everything kind of being upright that's kind of the what everybody's looking for is in these smaller landscapes that we have to be able to fit things in better and tighter. We're always looking for these uprights. And so really great called standing ovation, the cultivars obelisk, and also for at escaping. You know if you want to get into that. It's nice to have plants that will also be beautiful but also provide us with some wonderful fruit. Unfortunately though you're going to have to fight the birds and that's one hard thing is that you would want to then net it and it may not look that great than in the landscape, but a nice orange red fall color so you can see in bloom. Spiria, kind of like hydrangeas there's always a million new ones. This is double play candy corn, new growth emerges a bright candy apple red. As it matures it turns kind of a pineapple yellow, and then new growth continues to merge bright orange all season. So, nice, nice color to add into our palate. So there you can see the new growth on the left flowers are going to be that deeper magenta. We're going to have pink sparkler. This is a birch leaf spirae and blooms large round pink flowers heads at the tips of stems and then reblooms and falls is a rebloomer, and it will bloom all up and down the stems of the leaf axis and then you get burgundy fall color. So look at that fall color is just absolutely fabulous. Great for a spirae. There are some new by Burnham's out there. So this is an arrow wood by Burnham called all that glitters. And they were selected for their glossy foliage. Now this picture doesn't really show it well, but you will have the standard blue fruit but you get the super glossy foliage almost like somebody has polished the leaves. And then. And then all that glows. And, and so this a little bit shorter version. But again, just has this really clean foliage and here you can see a close up of the foliage. It looks like somebody has actually polished it. And so you get that really nice brightening in the landscape with that glossy foliage. I love it's been out for a while, but you see it much more now available in the garden centers is iceberg alley. I fell in love with this when I saw it up at Jeffrey's nursery. Several years ago, but five foot by five to six foot by five to six foot. And there's just beautiful silver foliage and this is available now through first editions with Bailey's it's also pollinator friendly. And it has those really nice silver catkins that come out so everything about it is silver just really brightens up your landscape. And that is my new plants that are coming to your garden center this year. Okay, thanks Todd well that was a lot of a fascinating plants you got there. Okay, let's talk about let's go with the questions here. We're talking about hydrangeas and and you mentioned the word panicle can you define what that means. Yeah, that's a great question because you have different panicle or different hydrangeas. And so we typically what we're planting are the smooth hydrangeas and the panicle hydrangeas and they call that because the flower shape is a panicle. And that means it's just a cluster of flowers that are kind of cone shaped, kind of terminating to a like almost like a single, single flower. So that's where the panicle hydrangea comes from is just the form it's kind of a cone shaped flower. Okay, Todd, you know you got so many beautiful shrubs so this guy decided I'm going to tear out my old shrub. How long do I have to wait before I plant something else in that planting hole. Well, for really anything as long as you dig it out and you have a clean dig so nothing is left behind. You shouldn't have any problems you know I'd work up the soil really well, you know, amend it maybe a little bit and you should be ready to go right back in. Okay, our buck eyes tolerant of drought. Now buck eyes they're not overly tolerant of drought as a species. And so one of the issues that we see is that when you use species you get a lot of that leaf scorch, and then they'll do early leaf drop because they're they're shutting down because they need to preserve themselves. That's why you always want to make sure that you select a cultivar because the cultivars are much more drought tolerant I still you know you need to be careful with them. But they're much more tolerant to that so always stick with the cultivars. I would not suggest the species but it's best to always keep them in a spot where it's going to be a little bit low where there would be water and then obviously we go into heavy drought. With any tree you want to make sure that you watch the moisture level. Speaking of drought tolerant. How did junipers do here with our cold temperatures and dry conditions. I didn't mention any junipers. There's not a lot of necessarily new junipers coming out but there's a lot of great junipers and that's the flip side, whereas Arborvite are not drought tolerant but junipers are. If you go out west to our badlands are wonderful badlands in North Dakota and a lot of the trees that you're going to see out there are all junipers. How about Aronia what kind of soil does that like Aronia I mean every plant loves a well drained soil. And Aronia can also handle a heavy clay soil as well. They're very adaptable plants. Okay what do you think about these os trees. These hybrid trees from Australia these quick growing trees. My only issue with a fast growing tree and when I teach our landscape plant materials it's the mantra that we use is right plant right place every tree has the correct spot. Now with fast growing trees. The other thing my students learn is that there's two things associated with fast growing short lived week would. And so you just need to be careful where you put them and those fast growing trees depending on your age. They may be the one tree that you will plant and cut down in your lifetime. Great tree for a home landscape if you plan on moving in about 10 years. Yes, amen. Then the next person has to cut it down and they have to pay the $600 to get it cut down. When you say cultivar what does that mean. So a cultivar what that is is that it is a selected variety. So like with Aronia Aronia has a typical normal size for the species which is much larger than these new cultivars. So the cultivar is just a plant that has been selected for a specific trait, whether it's size, whether it's flower color, you know, like we talked about those three different roses you saw there was three different colors. So they've been selected for a specific trait that is maintained clonally with reproduction. This person has a mugo pine that has some white scale on it. Do you know what that is. So mugo that is one of the most common issues with mugo pine is that they will get a pine scale. You can clean it up there are some systemics that you can do there's also some dormant oils you have to wait so it's a scale insect and what it does is that it protects itself. And, and when in the later spring early summer they have what's called the crawler stage that's when the insect it really isn't protected anymore and you can do a dormant oil that will suffocate them. And that's really the best time to control them is when they're in that crawler stage late spring early summer if you wait any longer they get that scale that hard that white part, and then they're kind of protected again. So in the crawler stage like a summer oil would be the way to go. Yeah. Okay, how about what zone is it on the border with Canada, what are you miss on. You are unfortunately in a zone three. Yeah. It's okay. The focus on those own three plants. Be worse. Cool you're not living in Saskatchewan. Hopefully nobody from Saskatchewan's here. How about, is there a good nanny berry tree cultivar that doesn't sucker. Oh, that would be wonderful wouldn't it. Okay, that's your next project taught about is there a good shrub for the north side of a building along the foundation. Well it just kind of really depends on what you're going for. You know there is the microbiota the Russian brain fart. Arbivarii Russian Arbivarii. It doesn't get really tall, but it can handle full shade Japanese you on. Yeah, that actually be a great you know it's it's not that exciting but there that's definitely one that would handle full shade, you know full that full shade is a hard hard spot to put things, especially for evergreens huh few choices with leafy types. Um, I have a fairly established tree that I'd like to move without just cutting down and killing any idea where where I could rent or who would have a tree spade. Yeah, that's getting harder and harder. There are companies that will do it, depending on just where you're located. So you just have to reach out to the different nurseries and just do some kind of calling around to see but with larger trees, they don't generally well not recommend but they don't ensure that I don't know what I'm trying to say. They don't guarantee they don't guarantee that it's going to survive. Yeah, because you take out so much that of its feeding roots. Exactly. How about if I have a shrub that's fast growing. Does that mean it has short roots and will blow over easily. No, with with shrubs and trees the fast growing really it comes down to it's that just short lived week would that's more for a tree because a lot of the shrubs are fast growing anyway. You know they don't have a super extensive root system but but even so though with trees, you know that that doesn't necessarily hold true. Okay, how about are you really telling the truth about those azaleas being pH tolerant. Come on, that's an acid acid plant man. I know. It is a hybrid and it is growing in a 7.8 pH. Okay, and you're not giving it any salt or anything. Nope, there's no treatment whatsoever on it. Well, what's so healthy you must be using Photoshop or something. No, not at all. It looks like it's one of those ads where you know yeah people shop in one of those garden ads that you get in the mail and that's what it looks like and it's fabulous I mean it just blows my mind. Okay, how about rhododendrons do you have any of those magical rhododendrons. No. I mean azaleas in the rhododendrons is related to the rhododendrons but all of the like the Helsinki rhododendrons they just don't do well. How about a drought tolerant shrub on the south side and a steep slope. Oh my goodness. Well I mean erronea would do that. There's a lot of there's a lot of juniper too huh. Well juniper would love that south basing that would have that nice sunshine. Yeah any any juniper. Okay how about how come you didn't mention any maples Todd. Oh yeah I there's always something. That's next year's talk. There's not much new with maples I guess. No I mean really there isn't there's not a whole lot of new maples out there and yeah so it's just kind of the normals. Okay let's see here. What's the what you showed a redbud what's the heartiest redbud. The heartiest redbud is the northern herald there's the other one in our regions the Minnesota strain out of University of Minnesota. And that one's not nearly as hardy it's a real hit and miss even in the zone four because we've trialed that. But northern herald is really solid and and I think one of the real main reasons is just the the leaf foliage the foliage is just so much thicker and it's so much higher quality. Also the the big difference between those two is also you know not only the hardiness but it's the growth habit northern herald is a really nice form. Whereas the Minnesota strain I don't mean to knock knock it but it grows really wonky. Okay, let's see here. I'm just going to shift over now to. Okay, speaking of wonky this guy has a birch tree that has trouble growing straight. It's crazy tall but it doesn't have much width to it. It has frost in its cult of our name. Sounds right but how can you get it to grow straight it's in full sunshine. Well, royal frost my experience is that it actually does grow wonky it doesn't really grow straight. A lot of the specimens I've seen a royal frost. It really does kind of go back and forth there. Kind of what it does. Okay, I'm going to try to stay with cultivars and stuff. Winterberry berry poppins. What do you think about berry poppins berry poppins that that's great. Winterberry holly is great because it's deciduous for us. It's the only really hearty holly that we have. The only thing is you need to have a male. If you don't have a male cultivar you won't get any of the fruit. Well, there is a Mr. Poppins right? There is a Mr. Poppins so to get berry poppins poppins you need Mr. Poppins. Very true and so if you get a Mr. Poppins it needs to be kind in the proximity. It doesn't have to be exactly next to it but just plant it somewhere kind of behind where it won't really be seen. And Mr. Poppins has no fruit right? Mr. Poppins will have no fruit so it's not going to put on any show but it needs that pollen or berry poppins. Men are important. Yep, sometimes. Yeah, there you go. How about you mentioned North Pole Arborvite. But the slide showed a different name. Is that possible? I don't know. Is North Pole Arborvite a real cultivar? Yeah, well that's the trademark. Yeah, it's probably like there's Jeff Redd. Oh, what I have here, it's a columnar selection of wintergreen. So that's where it came from. Okay, got it. Speaking of maples, do any resists sunscald? Probably on the bark is the issue, huh? Or both maybe. Yeah, the key is just protecting them when they're young. You know, the other issue is probably just avoid Norway. Yeah, avoid Norway, good. Let's see here. How do you feel about box elders? I love box elders. How about the sensation? Is that a favorite one of yours? Well, sensation's been a hit and miss for us. You know, we've planted in several places across North Dakota and it was doing well in Bismarck, but it didn't do well for us at Apsaraca. So it's, I think it is still borderline hearty. Okay, we have a... Okay, should we just throw out... I don't know, what about a honeyberry recommendation, Todd? What are you... I don't know anything about honeyberries. I mean, I know what they are, but I don't do anything with them. I don't have any recommendation, sorry. Yeah, Kathy Widerholdt and Carrington is our expert. She's going for those Japanese honeyberries now. Like a solo and Maxine. So check out Kathy's work online. She's got amazing stuff. And also our old spring fever, you know, we tape everything. So last year, Kathy talked about honeyberry and the new varieties that she really likes. So you can check it on her website. Same way like Todd's talk tonight is going to be recording. It'll be a bit available in a few days. Okay, how about a wet yard that's rare in North Dakota? This person, what's a good shrub for a wet yard? Oh my goodness. Wet yard shrub. The willow, again, erronea. How about dogwood? Dogwood is a great choice. Lots of different dogwoods. Okay, I think, you know, we have some, we have some recommendations like on pruning and stuff, but I think, you know, it's, we're going to stay, even we can ask Joe those questions. There we go. So let's see. Let me just see if I got a last question here for you. Todd, is there a, you know, how, like, okay, let's just say I saw one of your great shrubs today and I just really love it. How do I find out where to get it? So all these shrubs and trees, if you go to your local garden center, now the likelihood of them being at a box store, and what I mean by a box store is your Lowe's and Home Depot's and Walmart's, they're less likely to be found at those because they're, they're using kind of more of the generic type of plants that are going all across the US. So you're better off going to a independent local garden center. So just pop in, you know, if there's something here that you have, you know, really enjoyed just tell them what you saw and they should be able to get it for you. Is there anything new in Magnolias? I know you like Magnolias, Todd. Nothing really new. Hardy for us. We're working towards that though. How about a pink diamond hydrangea tree? Anything exciting about that? Pink diamond hydrangea. Yeah, they'll do all right here. Okay. Okay. I know you won't answer this, but what's your favorite tree? That is situational. It just depends. There was a question about what if you picked a wife, you picked a favorite woman, there's always something special about one tree that just knocks your socks. I am what's considered a barco file. I love ornamental bark. So anything that is super cool bark. Sounds good. You know, I think we covered everything. Okay. How about one last thing? Do dogwoods do well in North Dakota? Logwoods do amazingly in North Dakota. Again, depending not the flowering dogwood tree, but we have all the shrubs. We also have pagoda dogwood, which also does very well on the north side in the shade. Okay. That sounds good. Todd, thank you. You really brighten up our night with all these new trees and shrubs. And I can't wait to get the growing season started. Okay.