 Okay, thank you everyone. Welcome to a new week. Let's just begin our class with a word of prayer. So, could one of us please lead us in prayer? Anyone of us? Yes, could one of us please lead us in prayer? Mangi, if you're around. Well, can I pray? Go ahead Charles. Father God, we are thankful that we are in a new week, over new months. Father God, we praise you and honor you. Before you this wonderful day, that you will bless us, you will equip us, you will encourage us. But most importantly, as you say, that as iron shepherds, iron sodas, man shepherds, man. So as we are being sharpened, Lord give us the humility to be sharpened. That the material you have prepared for us to sharpen us, will find us sharpenable. That we will be able to be sharpened and be able to be equipped so that we shall be able to rightly divide the world of truth. Thank you for Alec Chala. Lord, I present him to you that you will use him as a channel for ministering to us. We praise you, we love you, for in Jesus' name we pray and believe. Amen. Amen, amen. Thank you, Charles. Okay, so let's do a quick review of what we did last week. Last week we looked at how even though things were not going so good in different parts of the world because of the Roman Catholic pressures and the Roman Catholic Church taking dominance. But God raised up many revivalists and last week we looked at a lot of revivalists. Just to name a few, Ulrich Zwingli, who went on to Switzerland and did a wonderful reformation there. And then we also looked at William Tyndale, who God used so powerfully because what he did was he was a brilliant man, Oxford University, Cambridge University. God used him to translate the Bible into English from the original Hebrew and the original Greek. And the most famous words that he said during his time of martyrdom was, Lord, open the eyes of the King of England so that he may get to know the truth. And William Tyndale was martyred on the stage. And after that we see that the Bible was slowly being made available to laypeople and also made available in different languages. Then we saw reformation going into Switzerland, reformation into Scotland. Early 1600s, we also saw the authorized King James version of the Bible. And we studied on how God very divinely orchestrated this, where there was a group of people who went to different places and in two and a half years, two years, nine months, they were able to translate the entire Bible. And the King James authorized version was made available. Now this is a very important time in church history because remember we studied from the first century, going into the second century church, how Bibles were not made available. And there was only one Bible that was in the church and if people would go to church, they had to listen to whatever the priest or the leaders were saying and they would go back. So this was a very important time, a breakthrough in Christendom because everyone was able to buy this Bible because it was an authorized version. So they could buy it, they could study it and they could spend time in the Word. But even though the Bible was available, we didn't see a big revival going immediately into different nations. So there was this whole spiritual atmosphere of many nations was completely dampened. I would say because there was no persecution as what it was before. And the Bible was so easily made available so the value of that, the Word of God probably declined. So it was made available. But the early 1700s, we saw last week that God raised up leaders for the Great Awakening in North America. We looked at Jonathan Edwards, we looked at George Whitfield and also briefly, we looked at how the Methodist movement came into being through John Wesley and Charles Wesley. So we will continue from here. As I continue to teach, if you have any questions, any thoughts, feel free to stop me and share your thoughts or questions. So before we go ahead, any questions? Any thoughts, any questions? Should we carry on? Oh, yeah. All right. All right. Thank you. Let's carry on. So we see that this revival, you know, that God is in the first great Awakening, we see that now picture this in your mind. You've got different nations. You've got Asia. You've got America. You've got Europe. You've got all these different parts of the world and slowly, yet steadily, the churches are growing, right? Because of what Jonathan Edwards did, George Whitfield, we talked about how 10,000, 20,000, 30,000 people stuffed into these auditoriums to listen to the preaching. So, yes, Charles we're on page 41 on the textbooks. Yes. Okay. So revival moved into Scotland. There was a young man named William McCullough. Now he came from a small town in Glasgow with about, of about 4,000 people. Now, William McCullough was different from the others in the sense that he wasn't eloquent in speech. He was very something like Jonathan Edwards, he would read out his sermons and he had a very, very monotonous way of speaking. That, you know, it is said that when he began to preach, people would just slowly try to get up and escape out of the church. So it was quite a, you know, a dull time in the United States at that time. So William McCullough, sorry, in Scotland. So William McCullough, what he did was he began to read about the great awakening in North America, what happened probably about 30 years back or 10 years, 20 years back. In other words, George would feel the great revivals that happened. So he began to read that. And it was, he impressed us hard. Let us start a prayer. You know, they started to call it concerts of prayer. So they spent days after days praying, seeking the Lord, you know, corporate prayer, personal prayer, together as a church. And then what happened was slowly, yet steadily, Scotland started seeing a revival. The move of God was there. The Holy Spirit moved. There were many lives that were transformed. Again, the same kind of happenings. What happened? You know, people would rush to the churches, churches were packed. People were willing to close their businesses and come to church. Then hearing about all this, what William McCullough did is he invited George Whitfield to come to Scotland. Now remember, we talked about this man, George Whitfield. He was a dynamic preacher, unlike William McCullough. And so when he came, 30,000 people came to listen to him. Now, Glasgow had about 4,000 people, but people came from different towns. Say, hey, George Whitfield is coming. And because of what he did, after those preaching and those conferences, many lives were touched. Many began to confess their sins and began to follow the Lord Jesus. There are times when people went under such conviction, but they fell on the ground weeping for hours. So they couldn't even close their meetings or close their halls because they were just there lying. They didn't worry about, oh, I have to go open my shop. I have to go look after my family. All that wasn't there. And out of this, you know, the revival went out all across Scotland. Now, what began from this preacher, this young William McCullough, a person who did not even have the talent to speak, there was no eloquence of speech in him, yet God used him so powerfully, right? And after, you know, George Whitfield came, they preached and they left probably about a month or so. But the ministry or the revival continued to spread through William McCullough. Now, while I was reading this very important lesson that each of us can learn is, you know, not to depend, you know, as we pray and seek God for an outpouring of the Holy Spirit and move of God in our cities and our nations. We are not to depend on our personal, you know, talents and abilities. Yes, God has given us those talents, those abilities to and use them for the ministry, but our dependence should not be on that. So, for example, if we can speak well or if we are very good in leading worship or, you know, we are talented, multi-talented in, you know, church administration or youth leadership skills and able to lead. So it's good. It's great that God has blessed us with all of this. She has to think God does not get our talents and say, OK, let's pour out the Holy Spirit. No, God looks at the heart. God looks at dedication. God looks at how faithful we are in the small things. It's very important to remember that as leaders. So revival moved into Scotland and the work continued there. Then we look at another wonderful, wonderful man, David Braynard. The first time I read about David Braynard was I think about seven or eight years back. And when I was preparing this, you know, it was so powerful to read. You know, these are all the small portions of the, you know, of these revivalists of their lives. But they've done so much more if you read in depth about their lives, so much of dedication, so much of persecution. Yet they stood firm. David Braynard, a young man at the age that he died as a very young man. David Braynard was orphaned at the age of 14 and he went to Yale University. He was a young man. He was, you know, very talented. He felt that university is something that is, you know, it's not really required. We can use our own talents and abilities to, you know, to do something for people around. So he wanted to become a minister and work with the Native Americans. So he began to prepare for that. And he went to among these Indians, Native Indians, to preach the word of God. And he saw a good fruit on them. So David Braynard began to travel thousands of miles. It is said that after John Wesley, David Braynard was the one who really preached his heart out in the sense that he, John Wesley, preached about 40,000 sermons. David Braynard is said to have preached about 35 to 40,000, almost the same as John Wesley. Yet they considered David Braynard as greater in terms of sermons because David Braynard's ministry was very small, right? The number of years was very less. And so what he did, he secured land and he constructed a church, he constructed a school, he opened businesses and infirmary. And he started this great ministry among the Native Indians and because of, you know, his health conditions, he had tuberculosis. And, you know, it is said that he would travel on his horse and the snow would be up to, you know, waist height. And he would take a break in the night and he would kneel down and pray. And he would pray and pray and pray that the snow, that where he knelt, it was completely melted and the snow was just like water around him. He played with such intensity for the people and during the end of his, you know, ministry was about 28 years old. When he was preaching, he would cough blood, you know, he would cough blood would come out and he would request the people, is it okay if we could sit and preach? But yet he would never do that. He would stand, he would preach the word of God and as he was getting old, David Braynard went and lived with Jonathan Edwards, you know, who is contemporary at that time. And Jonathan Edwards read, you know, spoke to David Braynard and all of it and Jonathan Edwards is the one who wrote this book called The Life of David Braynard. A very short lived life, but a powerful impact that was made in people's lives and because of this book, The Life of David Braynard, William Carey got his hands on his book later on and he read about the life of David Braynard. He said, I need to do something for the Lord, I need to do something that can touch people's lives and so David Braynard lost his life at a young age but leaving a lasting impact. Even now, there is, you know, we got an opportunity to go to a few places. He also came to India a few times and I think it was when we were at Ajmer in Rajasthan, we saw certain few colleges, medical colleges that he had, you know, he had opened along with his team. So a very short lived life, but amazing work. Yes, Charles has raised your hand. Yes, go ahead, Charles. Thank you. I'm looking at David Braynard and he is a mission at the North American Indians. Why are they called the North American Indians? When Indians are in Asia? Okay. So Charles, thank you for that question. Now, if you look, if we study church, if we study history from the time when America came into existence. So we have the, right now what we have is the regular Americans, but they were native Americans in the sense that they were people who, and they are still around, actually. So they were people who were there in the nation of America, who were more traditional in their approach. So they were mostly living in, you know, secluded places. They would stay in jungles or they would stay in away from city places and they followed a more, I would say a village kind of a lifestyle, right? So they hunted their own meals. They had different kinds of, you know, religious belief systems. So they were called native Indians. So now they're called Indian American native. They're still around. It's just that they don't, you know, they don't dress up like that right now in the city and all of that. But they do have, you know, different religious, you know, functions and events that they follow. So they were not the Indians in Asia. They were known for their, you know, they were, it was, they were there before the time, you know, America got its, came to be known as a nation. So that whole culture, that whole tradition continues on. Yet when we look at it now, it's slowly dying away. The Native American traditions are dying away because the new traditions of the 21st century has impacted all of that. So, so yes, Charles, they are not the Indians of Asia, but they are the Native Americans of America, who are more like had a village kind of a lifestyle. And they had their own rules and their own kind of community that they live in. So, yes. I hope that answers your question, Charles. Thank you so much. Okay. Okay. Okay. So let's move into. Now we saw this David Bernhard. After this, we see a second great awakening. Now the first great awakening was in North America, which went into different parts of the world. Now the second great awakening starts off in England and spreads again to North America, the South Africa, to Europe and other parts of the world. So first great awakening from America, second great awakening from England into different parts of the world. Now, this century, the 18th century was called the Age of Enlightenment. Why? Because many ideas emerged. Ideas like deism, meaning that there is a creator, but the Bible is not the authority. The Bible is just a set of rules that God has given us to follow. So they didn't believe in the supernatural work of the Holy Spirit. And then also came atheism, where there is no God. We are all self-made and all of that. So it started off in the 18th century. And so England was morally, spiritually, financially in a brink of disaster. So Christians in England began to pray. They said, we need to pray. And when I say Christians in England does not mean that you have like, you know, thousands of Christians. No, it was probably just small pockets of believers in different places, different churches just came together spending time in prayer. So this small consistent prayer movements soon in probably about two or three years saw, you know, an outpouring of God. We saw that thousands of missionaries were ready to go out in the fields. One of those was William Carey. We'll talk about William Carey later as well. And then England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, all these places began to see a move of the Holy Spirit. The fire of God began to spread. One thing which was very unique in this second grade awakening is that this whole aspect of Sunday school started these times. The British Dominion was an organization and they founded, probably they thought, okay, let us look at, you know, raising up next leaders, a next generation of leaders so that this revival does not die out. Good one, because they knew that this is seeing a trend revival or an outpouring is coming up and then slowly the revival is dampening. So this organization, which is a Christian organization said, let's start training our children at a young age that, you know, we can choose young people, train them up for missions and evangelists and pastors and so that the work of the Holy Spirit does not stop. And so, I think of Sunday school started 150,000 people, children registered for Sunday school. Now this was a surprise even to them because they thought, okay, we may have about 100 or a few thousand people, 250,000 people all across England registered. This was a sign of great hope for the nation of England. Why? Because they knew that, okay, even though we are in an age where there's atheism and deism that is prevailing, God is still working. So the, you know, the organization raised up many pastors, leaders, trained up these children, taught them the Word of God, taught them on the supernatural work of the ministry and then they were able to sustain the revival for many, many, many years. And the regular teaching of the Word of God, they released many, many missionaries to different parts of the world. And so the second great awakening from England saw the start of Sunday school and we also know now we all, all our churches have Sunday school and it's a great way to impact many lives, young lives for the sake of the gospel. And so the second great awakening from England went into North America. Now the first great awakening started from North America. So we may ask, okay, already there was a revival there, why is it that England are sending people into North America? Now we need to understand that there was this American revolution, right, in the sense that new ideas, theism, atheism, deism, atheism, all of this began to spread everywhere. Now the revival that happened through Jonathan Edwards, David Brainard, did not die out, but it dampened. So, you know, what happened from England, they sent people to North America, and what did they do? They had prayer movements, sit and pray. One of the important things that happened in the second great awakening in North America was college campuses saw the move of God. Yale University said that they boasted of thousands of students coming to Christ. The Baptist churches added about 10,000 new members. The Methodist churches added 40,000 odd new members. So every denomination, whether they are Methodists or Baptists or Anglican, every denomination saw a move of the Holy Spirit and they saw that churches were being filled up during that time. So at that, it was during that time, the late 1700s, when God chose this great man named William Carey to be a missionary in India. Let's look at the life of William Carey. He's known as the father of modern missionary movement. Now, look at, why was he known as the father of modern missionary movement? Because he did something which no missionary actually did, and that was he went into ministry with a mindset of not planting a church. Usually before that, we see that they go into study, they do their theology, they start ministry or they plant a church. But William Carey did something very different. He wanted to serve the people of India, and then through that, start a ministry and start to bless people's lives. And his main aim was also to educate people. So William Carey had a different approach in ministry. He was a British missionary, a Baptist minister, and he decided to come to Calcutta. And he spent 41 years of his life in India serving the people of India. Now, what William Carey did was, I'm sure all of us have read this, he left a lasting impact on missionary. If you talk about missions, one of the first names that come to mind in India is William Carey. He translated the Bible into Bengali, Oriya, Asamis, Arabic, Hindi, Sanskrit, six languages. He translated the Bible. And so much of effort, 41 years, translated the entire Bible into six languages. He set up colleges, he set up universities saying, OK, Indians need to study. They need to get good degree certificates. So he established a college offering degrees in Cerempul. Now, and he died in India itself at a very young age, probably about 60, 65 years old. And he then went back to his homeland. William Carey's missionary movement was so powerful. There are stories, this is not Indian notes, but I'll just share what happened. There was this one time where he's come into India into Calcutta. There was a lot of persecution that William Carey continued to minister to people. And there was this influential man in Calcutta. And he was always against what William Carey was doing. He would try to say that you are trying to change us Indians and make us like you by trying to do all this and bringing this whole new religion into our nation. So he went through a lot of persecution from this one person, but William Carey spent a lot of time praying for him and he was never discouraged. A few years later, this man accepted Christ as his personal savior. And what he did was he donated a huge piece of land, which is in Calcutta. And along with his business partners donated land in Behrampur, which is in Orissa, to William Carey's ministry. And the first thing that William Carey did was he set up a huge university in Calcutta. And he also set up a printing press, a place where we could print the Bibles and all of that. And after he did that, there was this one time when, as was gone out on ministry, the people came and burnt his printing press, burnt the Bibles, all the printing material. When he came back home, he saw his whole, you know, like a go down or the shed was completely burnt. And, you know, they did that thinking that William Carey will just give up and go back. But he said to his team, okay, we have a lot of work to do. Let's start from the beginning. We will sit. We will translate the Bible yet again. And he did that, translated the Bible, and he printed them and continued to do this great ministry. You know, when I was privileged to visit Behrampur and in Orissa, and they took us to this, you know, whenever he was out on missions or on holiday, he would come to his, this small little, you know, a home, which also had students there and William Carey would go into one room. So whenever he visited, he would go there into his room. So we got to see the place where he would, you know, have his Bible study. And, you know, when I thought about it, it's so easy to study all of this. But, you know, the facilities that was available, even when I went, which was about maybe about 10 years back, there were no facilities, right? Even to get to that place, there was no local transports. People were not willing to go. And I always wondered how did he, this man, do all of this into our nation, go through so much, so much of challenges, right, giving up the, you know, the luxuries of England and coming into our nation and planting churches, doing so much. So it's wonderful, wonderful, lasting ministry for William Carey. And then from here we see the 19th century where ministry began to spread. A young man named Henry Martin was an English missionary to India and Persia. Henry Martin also was, you know, influenced by William Carey. He said, even I want to do something like this. So Henry Martin also arrived in Calcutta and he had a passion for God. He wanted to preach the word of God. Henry Martin began to plant small churches. And apart from preaching, he translated the whole of the New Testament into Urdu and Persian. And he translated the Psalms into Persian as well. Just like how, you know, David Brainhart had a short lived time because of his illness. Henry Martin too had tuberculosis and he succumbed to this illness. And his missionary service ended in six years. But he left a lasting impression, a lasting legacy because of this act for God. It is said that many Persians were able to get their hands on the Bible. They were able to, you know, get their own Bibles. And they were able to study the word of God. The church in Persia also began to flood and to thrive and to, you know, leave a lasting impact as well. So that was a short lived ministry of Henry Martin. And then we see another person named Robert Morrison. Now, Robert Morrison chose something very different. He was an English missionary and he said he wanted to go to China. He was a missionary studying medicine, astronomy, and he studied Chinese. So he said, I want to go to China and do some ministry. And so he went to China and there was the East India Company in China hired him as a translator. So he was working a regular job. But in his free time, he also began to share the gospel, minister to people. He founded the church and he was able to translate the entire Bible into Chinese. Now, this is again, very important time because we know that many years later the, you know, the, there was a time where China saw great persecutions and, and Bibles weren't allowed in China during the communist time as well. But three volume dictionary English to Chinese. He translated it. He translated hymns and prayer books into Chinese and Robert Morrison never came back home. He, he, he died in China serving the people. So we see here that, you know, all these people, it's so wonderful. They were willing to let go of the comforts of life, their hometowns, willing to let go of, you know, family for the sake of the Lord. And the work that they did are still lasting. It's still continuing in ministry. Right. So that is the end of the 18th, sorry, the 9th, we start with the end 19th century. Then we go into this young man named Adoniram Jatson. I'm on page 44. Now, when you look at our notes, we see that it was just a small passage, a small writing about Adoniram Jatson. But I encourage you to read about this young man, you know, David Braynard, Adoniram Jatson. So much more that is there that we can learn. He went to Yale University and he was a Baptist. And he was baptized by William Carey. And now Adoniram Jatson, it is said that he was a very quiet person, an introvert, right? He was, he had boils all over his face, very ugly looking person, you know, in the university, in Yale University, he would just go and, you know, sit in one place because he felt that he was very ugly looking and nobody wanted to talk to him. But he was a brilliant person. He would talk the colleges, talk in his studies. So one day he just went into the chapel in the college and when he sat there, he began to pray. And he felt that God is calling him to ministry, to minister in, you know, Burma and in India. So he had, you know, a girl who he was wanting to get married to. So he goes to her and says, let us go to India and let us do our, you know, let's do missionary work and serve the Lord there. But the girl said, I will never step into India. I will never come into that nation. I would never do that. So he was very sad about it. Because this girl liked, you know, Aditya Ram Jatzen because of his, you know, not because of his looks. Of course, he was a brilliant person. But that did not stop Aditya Ram Jatzen. He said, I'm going to go. He gave up everything, went into, came into India. And when he came here, first thing he did was began to evangelize among the people he engaged in evangelism. He began the translation. What happened was when he came, he came, he had got married later on, came with his wife and Jatzen and they established a church. And he spent four years learning the Burmese language, right, before even starting the church. So four years he would go around, meet some people, learn the language, Burmese language. Then when he, you know, he was versed with it, he was able to translate it into the Burmese language. He translated the entire Bible into Burmese, right. He completed many missionary journeys in Burma. I just said that, this is not really a note, but he said that in the first eight years of his ministry, there were about 12 believers in the church. Eight years, 12 believers. And he was able to, you know, slowly through that, after a while, as revival carried on, God began to bring many more lives. And then he was able to plant, start universities in India. There's a university called Adoniram Jatzen University itself in Calcutta. And then he did wonderful work in Burma. They said that, you know, the people who were against him, they caught him, they tied a chain around his leg and they dragged him on a horseback. They dragged him out of the nation and into the deserts. And then he was, you know, asked, he was put in prison for many years. His wife died, his children died. But in the end of his life, he says, I'm pleased with what God has done through me. Even his wife says, direct me in your service, Lord. That's all I asked for. Ask for no more. So he gave his life. His wife also died because of illnesses and, but he was able to do a wonderful work in Burma. Then we look at two more people and then we will close today. Robert Moffat. Now he's known as the father of Protestant African missions. The Scottish missionary went into Africa and he was able to get into Botswana and the Botswana land. He then was able to start a small ministry in Africa. He translated the Bible into Setswana, which is the language at that time. Now he was the father-in-law of David Livingston. And we know that David Livingston also came to Africa, did a wonderful work here. But Robert Moffat was the one who initialized it. He's the one who, you know, sowed the seeds into Africa. So that's why he's known as the father of Protestant African missions. It is said that because of the working conditions and the lack of facilities, medical help, Robert Moffat, you know, died of many, many illnesses. But before he died, he did leave an impression in Africa and the land of Botswana. And then we look at John Scudder. Now some of us, this name may be, especially for us Indians, we may be familiar with this name because John Scudder, Dr. John Scudder was a pioneer who came into Sri Lanka and then into India. Now he was a pioneer, why? Because he came in as a physician and an evangelist. So he came in mostly for work, right? So he wanted to be a medical missionary. You know, now we term it medical missionary and it's common. But during that time, it was something new. How can somebody be a medical being medicine and also be a missionary? So he came, he engaged in evangelism, he started schools, he started colleges. He started medical colleges in Tamil Nadu, in Chennai, in Madurai. And these colleges were medical colleges. But through that, he's able to touch lives and share gospel with many of them. Scudder, he published the Bible in Tamil. He translated tracks in Tamil, into Tamil, into English. He said that he spent about 11 hours preaching and distributing tracks, 11 hours. So he would work in the medical field and then he would spend 11 hours preaching, distributing tracks and preaching in seminars and doing evangelism, 11 hours. God blessed John Scudder because his generation, right? There are four generations of missionaries after him. 42 missionaries including Dr. Aida Scudder. Now we all know Aida Scudder who started the Christian Medical College. We call it the CMC Velour. And so through this one man, John Scudder, he came into India and then to Sri Lanka first and then to India. Started these medical missionary colleges, universities, providing education and secondly also providing work and also bringing in the gospel to people. Because of this work, four generations under him were able to continue the work of the ministry. Even when we look at the hospital CMC Velour. Those in India should know this, which is Christian Medical College in Velour. It's more for based on blessing people's lives than making money. It's a wonderful, wonderful ministry and their focus is to bring lives to Christ. Yes Charles, you've raised your hand. Go ahead Charles. Thank you pastor. Now I am looking at Calcutta. I've never been to Calcutta. But I'm wondering how is Calcutta now in terms of Christianity, in terms of the word of God. Did the work that these great men do there leave Eligace there that even up to now Calcutta is doing well in terms of nations, in terms of Christianity. How is it? Or it is like where Christians were first named Christians, but now it is now for Muslims. How is it? Just as I'm inquiring. Sure Charles, thank you for that question. Anybody in our class from Calcutta? I personally, Charles, haven't been to Calcutta, but I've heard stories. I've read about it, but I thought if there's somebody who hasn't been there, has seen the church's first hand. They could give us some thoughts as well. Anybody who's been, anyone of us, been to Calcutta? This past time from Calcutta. Yes, go ahead. So yeah, it's a place of Mother Teresa and William Kelly. But right now, I mean, it's in the balance actually, it's not like Charles was saying, it's not like Muslims are dominating or any other religion. It's still in balance. And churches are doing good, but not to that extent what it used to be, like the stories have heard. But yeah, it's in balance. It's not like any religion is dominating the community. It's in balance and Christians are allowed to do their work freely and they're doing it. I mean, the Christian community is doing their work, mission works are being done, but it's not to that extent what it used to be. Okay, thank you so much, Subajit. So yeah, Charles, so as Subajit said, there is no, we don't see any intense persecution, but in terms of missions and all of it, it has kind of died down. Now, we will also look at later on why what happened, you know, counterfeit work began to invade the churches. We see in the next couple of generations, 19th century, 20th century, counterfeit ministries began to come in and they began to impact all the nations. So, so India again, in Calcutta, we know that, you know, later on, you know, Mother Teresa came and did a work. Mother Teresa was also influenced by Dr. John Scudder and she writes in her book as well. And so there was some kind of work that was done. But right now, what we see is just like in any other city in any other nation, there are pockets of believers everywhere. So you got the Methodists, you got the, you know, the Baptist, you got the Catholic, you got the Protestants. So we don't see an outpouring, but we do see churches there. The prominence of churches is always there in all these, in all these cities and all these places. And as we know, you know, the work of God will continue. It will never die out. But that's where we are studying this, that we desire an outpouring, a move of the Holy Spirit. So in terms of missions, I think India has completely almost died out. We are in a place where we want people to come to our nation rather than us going out to other places. So yes, so I would leave it with that. Charles, I hope that gives you some thoughts and some ideas. Yes, really. Thank you so much. All right, we're welcome Charles. So let's just close with our class today. We can pick up from tomorrow from the Great Awakening, the third Great Awakening. So can anyone of us please close in prayer? Prabhakar, can you close in prayer please? Right, go ahead. Somebody please, please. Yes, go ahead, go ahead. Charles. Father God, we thank you that when we were beginning, we pressed our hearts in your hands that you would guide us and we have learnt. Lord, I pray that you will continue to help us be able to read through the scripts that were provided to us and be able to learn more and be inspired to do more missions and ministry work for you. Praise you Lord, that as we prepare even to meet tomorrow, that we shall be more expectant to learn more from you. In Jesus' name we pray. Amen. Amen. Thank you so much Charles. Thank you very much.