 Hello everybody, welcome to the class. Once again, are you all ready to learn more Japanese, new verb forms and more about Japan? Well, if that is the case, then well let us do something new today. Let us learn how to say that I can do a certain thing in Japanese. So, some new simple kanjis which we have earlier done as words, something new about Japan and of course, lot of other expressions and vocabulary. So, well before that, as we always do, we will go over our assignments and let us see what you have done. So, well the first assignment, you have some pictures in this assignment, some words are given here and you have to match with the pictures. So, the first one is naka which is over here, neko wa hako no naka ni imasu. Then we have ue which is over here, tanaka san wa zo san no hana no ue ni imasu. Urusai, urusai desu, sumimasen, chotto yamete kudasai, sumetai, sumetai as in touch, sumetai desu. Kori wa sumetai desu, musukashi, mondai is musukashi, so well, mondai wa musukashi desu kara, tanaka san wa ima kangaite imasu. Then we have shiroi and what is shiroi, gohan wa shiroi desu. The back, behind, backside, atsui, ima atsui desu, so shite nagai, shinkansen wa nagai desu. Well, let us see what we have here. You have a lot of pictures here and you are to tell what they are doing. So, well, you have to practice your te imasu form or the continuous form. So well, the first te imasu or continuous form is kiite imasu, listening, utatte imasu, singing or this could also be, Gita wo hiite imasu, hiku is the verb, hiite imasu. Then we have hataraite imasu, tanaka san wa ima hataraite imasu. Then tanaka san wa ima beer wo non de imasu, ojii san tsukarete imasu. Kodomotachi wa okaa san to issho ni asonde imasu, tanaka san wa oishii gohan wo oishii niku wo tabete imasu, soshite ima shousetsu wo yonde imasu. So well, this is continuous tense te imasu and te imasu form. You will see again over here that you have ite, you have tte, you have nde, you have only te for group 2 and you have again te over here for group 2. So well, you have to keep in mind that group 1 is tte most of the time and group 2 is te. Now, combine the sentences with te form of the verb and make one meaningful sentence. The sentences are given over here, you are supposed to combine them. I am sure you can do this on your own without me having to read it out to you. You will notice over here, watashi wa uchi e kaete gohan wo tabete terubi wo mimasu. What you have to see in te form is that the order is very clearly given, uchi e kaete gohan wo tabete terubi wo mimasu. So after this, I will do this and then I will do this. So that is what is important over here and you can say a lot of things in one sentence with te form. Now there are a lot of pictures here and you have to write expressions or phrases. What do you do in this situation when you enter office or classroom or maybe your gym show, what do you do? What do you say in the morning when you enter? You can see the sun shining bright. So well, it is ohayou gozaimasu please repeat after me once again to get the correct pronunciation. It is ohayou gozaimasu with a rising intonation and with men you could just say ohayou also, ohayou with just by raising your hand. The second one is this person has just stepped on someone's foot. So well, what do you say, sumimasen or you could also say, gomenna sai or sumimasen. Well, the third one is someone comes knocking, inquiring about you. Is someone around? Is someone there? Well, it is gomen kudasai. Again with a rising intonation, gomen kudasai so you can see is someone around and then over here someone is writing a report or probably writing an exam or maybe just working and this gentleman over here is about to leave. So well, what does he say, gambatene meaning that work hard, keep working. So well, this was your assignment which I had given you. I hope you did it well and everything is alright. You are comfortable now speaking in the language, comfortable with conversation. So well, we will do something new today. We will do, I can write kanji, I have the ability to perform a certain action. Now let us see how we are going to go about it. Well, the first thing is the radio conversation which we will listen to and then we will do the explanation. 今喉が乾きましたから何か飲みたいです。 何を飲みますか。 何でもいいです。 すめたいものを飲みましょう。 すみません。 すめたいものを飲みません。 どうして? 喉が痛いから飲めない。 じゃあ、すめたいものを飲まないで、熱いこちゃんを飲みましょう。 So well, how much did you understand? Here is the conversation. I will read it out to you once and then I will explain. So well, this is the conversation between A san and B san, A san and B san no kai wa desu. 今喉が乾きましたから何か飲みたいです。 今喉が乾きましたから何か飲みたいです。 I want to have my throat is dry, thus I want to have something. 今喉が乾きましたから何か飲みたいです。 You can also use plain form over here, kawaita kara nanika nomitai desu. 何を飲みますか? 何でもいいです。 Anything is alright, is okay or good. すめたいものを飲みましょう。 We just did sumetai in our assignment, sumetai is cold not as in weather but as in touch, sumetai mono o nomimashou, sumimasen, sumetai mono o nomimasen. So direct, I will not have sumetai mono mono is things actually with sumetai mono when you add it like this or make one word out of it, then it means something cold o nomimasen. And now well, do shite meaning why? Why do you want to have this or why you do not want to have a certain thing? 喉が痛いから飲めない No do is again as I told you throat ga itai kara. So you are giving reason over here, thus I will not have. I cannot have, no me nai, ja sumetai mono nomanai de atsui kocha o nomimashou. So well, let us not have something cold, let us have something hot. So we have three words over here, kawakimashita which means dry, nomenai which shows that I cannot have something and nomimasen a direct no over here. So let us see, this of course is again in the script and you can practice your hiragana and your kanji over here. Some kanji are a little difficult, but well you should be able to recognize them even if you cannot write them. This is your translation, sometimes it may sound very odd. For example, my throat is dry is a literal translation, I want to drink something. That is not what you would say in English, you would say something entirely different. Let us have something to drink, well I am thirsty, let us have something to drink. So literal translations sometimes seem very odd. So you have to be very careful when you are talking. Now there was a word in the beginning, nani, nani, nani ka. We have done this earlier also, nani ka means something. So well, nani o nomimasu ka or nani o tabemasu ka, nani o nomimasu ka, nani o tabemasu ka. Direct question, watashi wa juus o nomimasu, watashi wa keiki o tabemasu. Direct answer, direct question. Nani ka nomimasu ka, will you have something, nani o nomimasu ka, polite question, what will you have? Nani ka nomimasu ka, will you have something, iie, what should the answer be, iie, nani mo nomimasen, iie, nani mo nomimasen. Or you could also say, hai, juusu o nomi. So well, there are different combinations. I have it here for you, we will do it from here. You can see very clearly, nani o nomimasu ka, juusu o nomimasu. Or nani mo nomimasen, I will not have anything or you could also say, nandemo ii desu. Anything is alright. So for this question, any answer could be there, juusu o nomimasu, juusu o nomimasen, nandemo ii desu or you could also ask, nani ka nomimasu ka, iie, nani mo nomimasen. I do not want to have anything or iie nani mo nomitaku nai, I do not want to drink anything. Then you could also have nani o nomitai desu ka, nani mo nomitaku nai, I do not want to have anything or you could also say kocha o nomitai, I want to have kocha. Then you could also ask a question nani ga ii desu ka, what would you like to have, what do you prefer, nani ga ii desu ka, juice ga ii desu, I would prefer juice or you could also say nandemo ii desu, anything is alright. So there is a difference in all of these, please try to go over it, see, practice and you will be more comfortable, nani o nomimasu ka, nani ka nomimasu ka, nani o nomitai desu ka and nani ga ii desu ka. And of course, you could also name the thing you want to offer to the person. For example, juice o nomitai desu ka, kocha o nomitai desu ka or in a polite way over here instead of this you could ask kocha wa ikaga desu ka, kohi wa ikaga desu ka. So, juice ga ii desu or kohi ga ii desu or kohi o nomimasu, juice o nomimasu. So over here you could use these nani ga nandemo, nani mo, nani o, nani ga any of these and ask your partner, practice and feel more comfortable. Now we had done verb in te-form plus kudasai, tabete kudasai, tabete kudasai. Now this is please eat, tabete kudasai, please drink, nonde kudasai, please read, yonde kudasai, please sit, suwatte kudasai. So now, how would you say please do not do this action? Well, it comes from you have done ikimasen, negative, you have done yomi masen, nomimasen. So what is the negative, ikanai, so ikanai, yomanai, nomanai. Now you just need to add, add de kudasai over here. Now the I from here, ikanai de kudasai, yomanai de kudasai, nomanai de kudasai. I just write it down for you over here, yomanai de kudasai, nomanai de kudasai, ikanai de kudasai, tabenai de kudasai. So please do not drink, please do not read, please do not eat and please do not go. De kudasai and de kudasai. Now you can practice over here, there is a picture of these two people taking this dog for a walk and someone is eating ice cream. So well, tabete kudasai, please eat. And what is the negative, I told you just now, mainichi ice cream wo tabenai de kudasai. Then we have, someone has had lot of beer probably or wine to drink and is singing and dancing. So well, non de kudasai, please drink is the te kudasai form and then thaksan. Osake wo nomanai de kudasai, osake is liquor or the Japanese local rice liquor which is very popular. Thaksan osake wo nomanai de kudasai, please do not drink too much osake or another te form could be utatte kudasai. Please sing or utawanai de kudasai. So any of these you could use and practice with your partner. Now we have been doing te form a lot in these past lessons. We have done te kudasai, te imasu, we have done two te forms in succession and imasu. Now today, we will do verb in te form plus kara. If you remember this kara, we have practiced in another way earlier with i adjectives. For example, giving reason, itai, itai kara ikimasen. You have also done it with plain verbs in your previous lesson, koko ni aru kara tsukai masu. So well, atama ga itai kara, my head is paining, thus, I will not go or it is over here, thus I will use it. So you are giving reason over here. This is not reason please, verb in te form plus kara, you will see from the kaiva over here. This is the kaiva between Tanaka san and Rao san. I will just read it out to you. Rao san, shigoto ga owatte kara, nani wo shimasu ka, uchi e kaette, kodomoto asobimasu. Mainichi sou shimasu ka, iie toki doki shimasu. So well, shigoto is work. Rao san, shigoto ga owatte kara, owatte kara is after your work is over. Please over here, when you are using this form, it is always in the future. You are talking of future. After your work is over, then what will you do? So it is not present, it is future. You can see now from here, Rao san, shigoto ga owatte kara, nani wo shimasu ka, what do you do when your work finishes, uchi e kaette, I generally go home and play with my children. Mainichi sou shimasu ka, you do it every day, iie toki doki shimasu. So it is not happening in the present, it is not past, it is just inquiry one and then it is also always for future. Action that has not happened as yet. So please with te and kara form, remember that the action is not over, it will happen sometime later. Over here, you can see, we will practice te kara form over here. Kaisha e itte, nani wo shimasu ka, kaisha e itte, buchou to sodan shite, report o kakimasu. So what will you do once you reach office, itte nani wo shimasu ka, well kaisha e itte, buchou to sodan shite, sodan is I will talk to him, I will consult him and then report o kakimasu. So it is all happening later and not has happened. Well, there is another one, Tanaka san is taking a bath, so well, uchi e kaette kara nani wo shimasu ka? What do you do once you reach home, well uchi e kaette, shower wo abi, once I reach home. After that, I take a shower. So in your previous lesson, you did te imasu, lot of te verbs, you say a lot of things in one sentence. Well, with kara, you make it very very clear that this is the jumban, this is the cereal, this is how I perform my activities one after the other. Now as I told you, we are going to do verb in potential form which is showing that I am able to, I can perform a certain activity. Now how do you come to this form? How do you make this form? There are various ways, but the simplest way which is easy to learn and memorize, I will tell you right away, ikimasu, yomiimasu, nomimasu, kakiimasu, suwarimasu, kakiimasu, masu. So you have this in masu form, the simplest way to remember this is, remove the i over here and put e instead which is a in Japanese, a in Japanese and you will get the potential form for group 1 which we are going to do today. We will cover group 2 next time because there is a different way of making potential form for group 2. So well, ikimasu, yomeimasu, nomimasu, kakeimasu and suwarimasu, I can sit, I can read, I can eat, I can do. So watashi wa niku, now that is group 2, so we will not do group 2, we will only do group 1, stick to group 1 and do potential form. So you can repeat after me once, the plain form of the verb is given here, ikemasu, kaemasu, I can buy, nomemasu, I can drink, yomemasu, I can read, hanasemasu, kakemasu, I can write, arukemasu, I can walk, hakobemasu, I can shift or move something and dekimasu is group 3 for suru which is to do, dekimasu is for do meaning I have the ability to perform a certain activity, to be able to do something. So this is an exception, instead of suru, we have dekiru for group 3. Now practice this, what is he doing, he is reading, yomemasu, so well, Rao san, nihongo ga yomemasu ka, can you read Japanese, hai, daijoubu desu, yomemasu yo or yomemasu. Now he has a plaster, he is trying to walk and well, is alright now. So you can ask Rao san, daijoubu desu ka, arukemasu ka, hai, daijoubu desu, arukemasu. And then we have another one over here, Rao san is trying to push this trolley or this huge almira and what does he say, Rao san, hitori de hakobemasu ka, hitori is alone, hitori de hakobemasu ka, can you shift it alone, well, hai hakobemasu or hai daijoubu desu. Now you will notice there is a ga over here. So far we have not used ga like this. We have used ga in a different manner sumimasen desu ga. Over here, ga is for ability. You are stating something very strongly that I am able to perform this or do this. You are stating a fact, what you know, thus with ga you put emphasis on what you are saying. So well, you should always try to put ga with potential form. Now we always do kanji and today also we will do kanji. There are lot of kanji characters today. You have done these characters as words and we will try to do the kanji today. Let us see. Kanji character that we have over here is onna. Onna, you have done this word onna no hito, onna no hito, hito also you have done. The character for onna is a simple character 1, 2 and 3. It is a 3 stroke character 1, 2 and 3 like this. Onna no hito, onna no hito, hito onna no hito. The next one we have over here is it is a 3 stroke character you can see. Then we have otoko. You have also done otoko no hito, you have done otoko no hito. Now the character for otoko no hito is very simple. Have you done, do you remember doing this character with Tanaka san or Yamada san? 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and what does this look like? This looks like kami, kami no ka, kami is paper, kami quite similar to ka. This is otoko, otoko meaning man, onna no hito means man. Onna means woman or a lady, otoko no hito. So very simple once again 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and like this. So let us see how many strokes there are, there are 7 strokes to this character. Now very simple you have done this word onna no hito, we have done onna no hito over here just now. Well, if I make this on top like this, this becomes yasui which is chi. Kono megane wa yasui desu, kono megane wa yasui desu, kono pen wa yasui desu or kono megane wa takai desu. So yasui for you over here once again 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 yasu. Simple from onna no hito, we are trying to do these characters which are simple, which you can understand, which you can memorize easily and of course kanji, we will do a little later. It is a 6 stroke character, you have done onna no hito already and then there is another one. Jose, say over here means gender, so this is feminine gender, josei or a young girl and otoko no hito or dansei which is masculine gender. So these are the words for you, you can practice these, use them in your conversation. Now, there is a small expression for you as I have been doing in class all the time. Well, there is oji-san who has fallen and we have this gentleman over here Tanaka-san who is watching from a little far and he sees him falling, what does he do? Oji-san ga tauremashita, so a simple statement, o oji-san has fallen, tauremashita is fallen has fallen. Komatta na, itte mimasu, komatta na is what shall I do? Komatta na, komatta is a little situation where I really do not know what to do. Komatta na itte mimasu, I will go and see what is the matter. Ara oji-san ga tauremashita, do shimashou, you can also say do shimashou, what shall I do when you are talking to yourself? Komatta na itte mimasu and then he picks up oji-san and what does he do? Oji-san daijoubu desu ka, are you alright? Oji-san daijoubu desu ka, is everything alright with you? Kyu-kyu-sha wo yobimashou ka, shall I call an ambulance and what does oji-san say? Totally lost. Ii e daijoubu desu, guai ga chotto warui kara, I am feeling a little bad. Guai is my general feeling is not very good. Gacchotto warui desu, it is a little bad and he leaves it incomplete again, does not want to say everything. Ii e daijoubu desu, I am alright. Guai ga chotto warui kara, I feel, thank you very much arigato. So, well you can use these expressions, they are good. If you know these expressions, you know where to use them, you understand them, your language naturally becomes better, you can communicate better with people, you can talk in any situation to anyone. And you also understand what the culture is with these expressions of any place. So, well try to use them. There is katakana for you, as we do always Ra, we have the Ra series, Ra you can see only two strokes to this, Ri again two strokes. This is a little longer, Ii is almost equal in Ri, it is a little longer, Ra-Ri, Ru again two strokes, very angular, very sharp, Re, just a single stroke, straight and row as in kuchi. So, you can learn this, these are simple, you have it now all in front of you in one sheet and you can see Ra, Ri, Ru, Re and row all very pointed, very angular but easy to remember. So, well now we have been talking a lot of katakana and lot of different verb forms, well this is very simple, you can see some photographs here of the seasons in Japan. This we have done, this is spring, Haru is spring, Natsu is summer, Aki is autumn and Fuyu is winter. So, well what happens during these seasons, one in Haru, during Haru time you do Hanami. Through the seasons you can also see the culture of Japan actually. We have talked about Hanami earlier in one of our lessons, you have Sakura and viewing of these Sakura blossoms in Haru which is spring. You have the Kanji characters also, you can go over the Kanji characters, try to memorize them. In Natsu it is holiday time, vacation time. So, thus in Japan they have Hanabi which is fireworks and they enjoy this with their family. In autumn it is a beautiful time because in Japan the trees change color, the leaves change color they become red and it looks beautiful in all shades of red and brown. So, that is Aki time in the forests, in the mountains it is beautiful to go and spend some time with family. And then again in Fuyu you have Christmas, you have lot of snow, children enjoy making Yukidaruma which is the snowman and they spend time during vacation with their friends and family. So, these are the four seasons Haru, Natsu, Aki and Fuyu. The Kanji characters are given over here. You can look up the net and see what all is done, what all festivals are there during these seasons. Now, as we have been doing a Koto waza in each class and Koto waza as I told you last time is using words very smartly, very intelligently to say something in short. So, well there is another Koto waza for you over here. Koto waza also tells you about the country, about the people, about the culture of that place, what people, how people behave, how they interact. It has generally these Koto waza, these sayings, these proverbs have a very long history and they have evolved from some happening, some time and are used now as these very intelligent sayings, these words, these sentences which you can use very intelligently to say something. Teach someone something. So, well over here there is a new Koto waza today. Look at the picture over here, there is a bird and there is a dog and he is laughing, has a very amused look in the cartoon over here. He is pointing at something, the dog is pointing with his paw and just laughing. Now, what exactly it is? It is a bird hidden over here. The bird has just hidden its head and the tail can be seen very clearly. So, even though the bird is thinking that it is hidden, no one can see it, but it has just hidden its head. Now, what it means is that to have an ostrich like attitude, where you just go and hide your head and try to feel that all the worries, all the tensions, all the problems are gone, does not help anyway. You are still exposed whether it is danger, whether it is a problem just by hiding your head, by running away from something, you do not gain anything at all. So, the bird after probably seeing the dog hid itself behind a bush, behind this big leaf, thinking that the dog could not or will not be able to see it, but the tail is very clearly visible and the dog can see and easily you know what is going to happen, it is going to bounce and finish the bird. So, well, now let us see what the proverb in Japanese says or is, it is given over here in kanji and hiragana and you can read it now very clearly. It is, atama wo kakushite shiri kakusazu meaning you hide your head, but you do not hide your back side, you do not hide your back. So, just by hiding your head, you cannot run away from problems. As you can see, hide one's head, but not the back. That is the literal translation of the proverb word by word and over here in English, it is equivalent to an ostrich like attitude. A big bird like ostrich just goes and hides its head in a bush and the whole body is still exposed. One cannot run away from what one has to do and has to face it boldly. Well, this is your kanji over here used in the kotowaza, atama kakusu is to hide and oshiri is the back. Proverb tells you a lot about the culture and it says a lot in very few words. That is what the saying says. Do not have an ostrich like attitude where you hide your head and think everything is hidden and nobody can see you. Well, it is not like that and also not to hide from situations. Face them boldly and come out flying. That is what it means. Come out as a victor. So, well, that is what the kotowaza tells you. You have some vocabulary over here. You can go over the vocabulary yourself. The meanings are given. It is given in Japanese as well and you can practice this, make sentences and practice this. There is also a lot of language that is dependent on culture. Language also tells you about culture and culture tells you about language. So, well, we are doing a lot of things here in this class and today I will tell you about kodomonohi. You all I am sure do know about kodomonohi that is children's day. It is celebrated everywhere and children are celebrated. So, well, in Japan also they have been celebrating this for years and years, but children's day was always celebrated as boys' day earlier. Boys were always celebrated as is all over the world and in Japan as well. You can read a lot of things here. After World War II, this celebration of boys' day was changed into children's day and they started celebrating the 5th of May as children's day in Japan and the 3rd of March, which we have done earlier as Hinamatsuri day as the girls' day. Two days were earlier celebrated, but after World War II they started celebrating 5th May as children's day. Now, what they do on this day? They fly Koinobori, which is giant car windsocks outside their houses and celebrate that day with friends, with children, with family. There is a very big folklore in Japan. There was a very famous boy, Kintaro, known for his bravery long back and this day is celebrated as boys' day in his memory and parents want their children, want their boys to be as brave as Kintaro and as determined in their goal as Kintaro. Now, the story, the folklore is that a carp or a koi, as they call it in Japanese, manages to swim upstream and up a waterfall to a gate called the dragon's gate, leaps beyond that and then turns into a dragon. So, basically the folklore is that you have to be very determined, very focused in what you want and that is what the parents want their children to be and thus this day is celebrated as children's day. It coincides with the golden week also, which is a big festive time, holiday period for the Japanese and they celebrate it with their family and friends. On this day, they have rice cakes for children, their sweet rice cakes, chimaki and kashi wa mochi. They are all made out of mochi, which is sticky rice, some are sweet and they are all had, this is one of the popular dishes of Kodomonohi and all kinds of Ningyo that is dolls in armor are decorated in the houses, children wear those clothes and they go visit people, visit gingers, temples and pray for their well-being. These are the carp, the flying carp, these fishes, these streamers which are hung and displayed some photographs are for you. These photographs are all from the net, they are from Google, you can check them out, you can see how these kites are made, they fly kites, these are the dolls, they decorate them in typical samurai attire and like this in proper formal clothes. Children dress up like this, use these big caps to wear to show that they are all very strong and these are chimaki and kashi wa mochi which is had on that day and they celebrate with friends and family. Earlier the grandmothers, the maternal grandmothers used to make these streamers on their own in hand by their own hands and would send them to their grandchildren. Now of course it is not done, they are available, displayed all over and people enjoy them. They are hung for about a month, month and a half and it is fun time. So well, this is all about children's day, you can read more from the net and we can discuss all that a little later. Well, you have your assignments now, there are a lot of assignments for you. Use te form, write te form over here, then look at these pictures and write in hiragana, then you have match these kanji characters with the meanings, change the verb forms, the clues are given over here, you can look those up. Then what to say in these situations? You have to use all kinds of expressions, practice your expressions, then words from brackets, particles from brackets you have to choose and tick the correct ones, write something about this picture, about ten lines on this picture and that is about all that we have for you today. That is all that we have for you. Well, go home, study hard, practice with your partner and then we will learn something new in our next lesson. So, minasan mata ashita aimashou. Arigatou gozaimasu. Thank you.