 This is it, the project is entitled So Archaeology and Mobility in the Western Mediterranean has a new production from the Red Roses for the antiquity and we have here the team members we are working in close collaboration on the project that is developed at FESIC it's the National Industrial Center here in the University of Oxford and then we are doing the isotope with the oceans in Montpellier The basic premise that we have is that some of the names reflect animal husbandry and production it's shaped by human decisions like the selection of species the animal size, the age of the slaughter and this is reflecting economic and social practices and now President Paterson realising the vector history and the CNA text that we got to explore animal mobility and this is what we are doing What we want to know is the relationship with animal mobility and animal husbandry how animal mobility changes animal husbandry and we are taking this chronology and you'll see why we're learning BC to date century AD So we have a new proxy perspective we are combining archaeology of course to have the context and archaeology to have animal husbandry and then isotomic chemistry and then CNA to explore mobility and see how these three things interact with each other This is the structure of the project we are creating an archaeological and an archaeological database which could be used with a GA system then a package devoted to the ice-cold chemistry on mobility and then an CNA and then at the end we will combine the three lines together to see what we will say about the consequences of this race and reality for mobility and food for meat in this time period And why this third reality why is this in our minds Well we probably know this is very general of course some regional differences exist but broadly from the race context to race antiquity there's an increase and a decrease for panamanic iteration also so there's a complexity so in the liberal states we see sencicola hats, we have a baseball material usually located in the valleys then iron age fortified sites roman period and then these changes in the activity when there's a reliance on the level of panamanic iteration and we wanted to know how these changes shape animal husband so we are working on different levels we are working for some sites at the level of the site then regional perspectives and then in the regional to see how different regions compare to others we are only taking western postage non-virtual assemblages because this could be for other reasons we are taking only assemblages that have a certain number of remains for the domestic project that have good preservation so we are discarding quite a number of assemblages but we want to guarantee that the data we have are relevant and reliable and according to percent the first zoom it would be too much so I will move to the second the regional scale for this region we are should divide in the regions as well according to in this case classical sources so here we have different entities and for the presentation this is a column called so category blue pigs are in red and sheep and goats are in green and we have the different regions for the central plain the central post and the north post overall what you can see here is that in the iron age so this starts in the red countries up to Roman times and here is antiquity in the iron age there is a kind of a bit of uniformization between different regions and north post is a different and overall the gross tendency that we can see is that there is a reduction in the frequency of cattle through time and this is happening more or less in three areas although with differences between them how this compares with other regions the first time we saw this was very shocking because we found that in the south and in Catalonia they are very close the tendency is more or less the same you could stress that these similar environments similar certain patterns but you can see that there is this reduction from the Roman times to the iron age this was much more surprising because in England if you have been in England and you have been here it's quite different all year round they do the same and it was from the Roman times to the iron age also in Tunisia in Roman times it happens to be dropped and here in Anatolia the tendency happens before so there is a reduction during the Roman age but then as soon as the trust and civilization starts we find more cattle because the Roman phenomenon they are crazy about pigs this is a different story it was also quite surprising to see that not only cattle frequencies but also the size of the animals was changing all in a similar way so here we have the sizes from Anatolia we have one data for the Olympic and then you can see some reduction in size in the iron age and increasing Roman times in Anatolia same thing in England same thing in Tunisia and in northern Italy again it happens probably before so from the very good to the large age and then as soon as the trust comes appear there is an increase in size and this is happening in a different ecosystem of cultures this is happening in large states that look quite different so we have similar processes of ecology because again this is happening at slightly different times so this is the mobility part why mobility is important why we are caring about it well because mobility is very important in animal husbandry to overcome the shortage of fodder especially in the Mediterranean area because then you can increase the carrying capacity you can produce more but in order to move you need to be able to move that means you need to be able to lead your animals to the landscape and either you have the right of way either in an extractor or non-extractor way this is happening in two ways if the demographic density is very low you can bring your animals because nobody is going to prevent it but if the landscape is completely occupied then you need to reach agreement with other people and in general there is some political entity that allows and usually protects them and think about the pheromone or the medieval kings or the medieval monasteries they are controlling and guaranteeing that the movement of livestock can be done ok so we are using phantom livestock this is more or less the same cycle the basic principle is that the function is dependent on the underlying so we can trace where the animals were grazing and then we can see what happens these are the strokes and ratios for England we analysed both sides related from the Europeans from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance this one here it's because all of them are techniques so the English are quite close to two different areas we can see that the blue and green signatures were the locomotives so this one here is indicating the range for this area of no hunting anything that goes outside this one comes from both places and the ones that fall are compatible with these two you can see that from the Neolithic to the Iron Age there's quite a dramatic reduction in the variability of hunting and this is not dependent on the sample size we tested so it's significant then in Roman times we define much more variability this is correlating I don't understand the conclusion same thing that is happening here in Antedoc we did a pilot study on the 17th but again 17th from the Iron Age fall into the locomotives three of the Roman times only one of the locomotives were coming from when we analysed different types we realised different species that have different mobility patterns this was quite a surprise as well at the beginning she are moving much less than cattle in the same sites and the same families so why is this especially taking into account that she make up this one site but it's generalised by the centre of this region she make in general up to 80% of the common remains it's normal to think we have a range between 60 and 80 sheep and goats and cattle is only between 5 and 12 15 or less 30% of the remains why are cattle moving more than sheep well explanation can be that they have different widows from cattle we are going to keep it for 6, 7, 10 years as long as they can work so their life is much longer where sheep and goats are the meat providers so you kill them much earlier these are the mobility profiles so from 0 to 10 years you can see that cattle are much longer and sheep are the meat providers so if you want a goat cattle to work we are going to make the investment to look for it further away where sheep and goats they are a lot, you take them from the vicinity local area so it makes sense so what can we see from this thing well first we have a progressive diminution in the frequency of cattle an animal size in this time period there is an increase in Roman times decrease in late antiquity so this correlation with the level of economic integration it also seems that only in the Iron Age, despite there is a lot of trade in the Mediterranean only certain products are circulating not livestock or nothing very general understanding another thing is that different territories and cultures have similar processes cattle and sheep have different mobility patterns and it is responsible for that production and the result suggests that mobility depends on the degree of political decisions and this is shaping animal husbandry that's why we have less cattle or more cattle, bigger animals smaller animals so if you think about it if the movement is difficult there are many different political identities territorialized, fortified, technical territory if you want to go to one place you need to reach an agreement with many different people and it's about to be difficult if only one says no so easily you can have a decrease of the DNA form and an increase of the dietary stress so that population at least has 30 different size and the amount of cattle becomes the same so you have a combination of deep breathing and increase of dietary stress compared to that, if the movement is easy either because there are no boundaries or the boundary is very large which would be important times then if movement is easy you can increase easily the DNA form by trade and increase the dietary stress because in summer you can move to another place so you can have more and bigger cattle and this is through a pattern in the archaeological record we have here Bronze Age Cattle in Catalonia Iron Age Late Iron Age Roman Late Antiquity present day cattle are striking really how the same bone changes size and shape for time so thank you for your attention