 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Iyer's Academy. Displayed are the list of news articles taken for today's analysis. We have taken these news articles from the website of the Hindu as today we do not find both the print edition and the online edition of the Hindu newspaper. Now let's move on to the analysis of first news article. This news article is in connection with National Register of Citizens released by the State Government of Assam. The news article discusses the claims made by an independent think tank that is based in New Delhi called as rights and risks analysis group. Now this think tank it conducts risks analysis to prevent human rights violations and to prevent violations of fundamental freedoms with specific focus on threats to rule of law and threats to democracy. Now this think tank has claimed that more than one lakh people belonging to scheduled tribes have been excluded from the Assam's updated National Register of Citizens. They claim that these populations are original inhabitants of Assam. We know that the updated National Register of Citizens was released on 31st August this year. National Register the updated register contained names of around 3.11 crore people from around 3.3 crore people who have applied for this. So it means the population who are excluded from the updated NRC is roughly 19 lakhs. Out of these 19 lakh people around 5% that is more than one lakh people are belonging to the scheduled tribes. They are saying based on a preliminary survey of these one lakh population 25,000 persons belong to Bodo tribal group, 9,000 persons belong to Riyang tribal groups and 8,000 persons belong to Hajang tribal groups and thousands of persons belonging to other tribal groups have been excluded from National Register of Citizens. They are saying that the exclusion of these populations belonging to scheduled tribes is connected to rejection of land ownership under the Forest Rights Act. When we say Forest Rights Act it means a forest rights act of 2006 called as the scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers recognition of Forest Rights Act of 2006. Traditional families who have lived in forest land have filed claims to the forest land under the Forest Rights Act of 2006. When we say other traditional forest dwellers it means any member or community who have primarily resided in forest land and who depend on the forest or forest land for their livelihood needs. They have primarily resided and dependent for at least 3 generations prior to 13th December 2005. According to this Forest Rights Act one generation means 25 years. If they are not able to prove their residence then their claims will be rejected. Once their claims are rejected they have to be evicted from the place where they live by the respective states. So what happened here a significant number of population who are not able to prove their residence where the persons belonging to scheduled tribes. So there is a widespread criticism that the very legislation which was introduced to protect the rights of scheduled tribes is in fact against them. Now one reason why they could not prove their residence is because of lack of literacy and lack of knowledge of storing documents given from the government and it is very difficult to maintain the documents that are given before 1971 or that could prove their primary residence in a particular area for 3 generations that too for a tribal population. And in connection with this issue on February 2019 the Supreme Court has asked 21 states to give affidavits to explain why those persons whose claims are rejected and these persons are not evicted from the forest land. Why this is not carried out by the state governments. In this regard Assam government also filed an affidavit. According to that affidavit Assam government has stated that it has rejected the claims of around 22,000 persons belonging to scheduled tribes because of their inability to prove residency in the forest land prior to 13th December of 2005. So here we can observe the difficulty in proving the residence even the time prior to 2005 but the NRC asked them to prove prior to 1971. So there is a lot of issues with respect to this and we should know that these persons are not illegal immigrants from the state of Bangladesh. The director of this think tank has also said that about 25% of 36,000 people belong to Riyang tribal population who live in Hyalakandi district. They are also excluded from NRC. This amounts to roughly around 9,000 persons and majority of these 9,000 persons are women. They are also excluded from NRC because they are unable to prove that they lived in Assam from 1971. The women from the Riyang tribal group they have educational degrees and land documents but they do not have independent identity documents. This is because they are always identified as daughter or wife of a male member of the family and once they are married their legacy or heritage is lost. This is because their names will be deleted from the family ration cards after marriage and their names are also not registered in the new ration card that will be obtained afterwards. So their names are missing in any of the family ration cards. This is one of the reasons why overwhelming majority of women from Riyang tribal population are being excluded. The director of the think tank has also said that none of the people belonging to scheduled tribes of Assam have been listed as original inhabitants of Assam. Here when we say original inhabitants of Assam we mean those people whose names are in the National Register of Citizens. See the director has mentioned the Supreme Court order July 21, 2016 dated. But it is actually July 21, 2015. In this judgment the Supreme Court has ordered that the expression original inhabitants of state of Assam would include T tribes. The news article mentions that T tribes is a loose term used for workers in T plantation but they actually prefer to be called as Adivasis and also there are more than 90 communities among the Adivasis and as per the government of Assam T tribes are those people who work in the tea gardens of Assam. It mentions that they have come from states like Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. But Assam government has recognized them as other backward classes with respect to the issue of NRC after the Supreme Court judgment in 2015, July 21. Though people belonging to the tea tribe they were included as original inhabitants of Assam. All the members of the tea tribes are covered under original inhabitants of Assam category under clause 33 of Schedule of the Citizenship Rules of 2003. But in the light of this article the Schedule tribe population in Assam were not included as original inhabitants in the state of Assam. So the think tank has urged the state government of Assam and also the center to issue a notification to include all the Schedule tribes in NRC as the original inhabitants of the state. So we saw many persons from Bodo, Hajong and Riyanga tribal groups were excluded from the updated NRC. The Bodo tribal group is also referred as Boro, Boro Kachari. All these three tribal groups are listed as Schedule tribes in the state of Assam. And other than Assam these tribal groups are also listed as Schedule tribes in few other nearby or adjoining states as well. For example in Meghalaya Boro Kacharis are listed as Schedule tribes. In Mizoram and Meghalaya in these two states we can find Hajong tribal population being listed as Schedule tribes. Riyang tribe has been listed as Schedule tribes in the states of Meghalaya, Mizoram and Thirupura as well. And coming to Riyang tribal group we should know that they are classified as particularly vulnerable tribal group in the state of Thirupura and they are reportedly known to have extremely low literacy rate and it is said that they involve in shifting cultivation. When we say shifting cultivation we mean to say first they will clear natural vegetation in a particular area and then they go for cultivation in the cleared place. After carrying out cultivation they will leave this land abandoned so that it will restore its fertility naturally. Now they will shift to some other location they will clear natural vegetation there then they will carry out cultivation thus they will be moving from one place to another carrying out shifting cultivation. So these are some of the information with respect to the analysis of this news article. Now let's move on to next article. This news article discusses about the councilor access given to Mr. Kulbushan Jadhav. We know that Kulbushan Jadhav was convicted by Pakistan military tribunal in April 2017 on the charges that he was performing acts of spying and terrorism on behalf of India. The syllabus relevant to the analysis of this news article has been given here for your reference. Before entering to the news article let's see a brief background of the matters pertaining to Kulbushan Jadhav. He is a former Indian naval officer but he has been in the custody of Pakistan since March 2016. Indian government says that he was running a legitimate business in Chabahar port in Iran and he was kidnapped from Iran and was transferred to Pakistan. The Pakistan government claims that he has illegally entered the Pakistani territory that is he was in the territory of Pakistan in Balochistan and he continues to be in the government service of India and Pakistan claims that he was arrested and he has been in the custody on charges of spying and espionage. And after his arrest the High Commission of India in Pakistan immediately requested consular access to Mr. Jadhav. This request was made to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan government. See when we say consular access it means giving access to the consul in a foreign country. In this case the foreign country is Pakistan and the consul will be an ambassador of Indian government who is present in Pakistan which is the foreign country. Indian ambassador here Indian High Commissioner to Pakistan will be in Pakistan to protect the citizens of India who are living in Pakistan and also to protect Indian interest in Pakistan. So in this context since Indian citizen Kulbushan Jadhav was in Pakistani custody so Indian High Commissioner in Pakistan requested consular access to Kulbushan Jadhav but Pakistan denied the request and denied the consular access of India to Kulbushan Jadhav. We saw that since March 2016 he has been in the custody of Pakistan but know that in April 2017 he was sentenced to death by Pakistan military court. Subsequently in May 2017 India filed a case against Pakistan in the International Court of Justice. On 17th July 2019 judgement has been delivered by the International Court of Justice in regard to the matters pertaining to Kulbushan Jadhav and we have discussed the entire background of this judgement on our daily news analysis of 18th July 2019. The judgement said that Pakistan has to inform Mr Jadhav about his rights immediately without any further delay and Pakistan has to give access to Indian consular officers. This access should be given to Kulbushan Jadhav and then Pakistan has to review and reconsider the conviction and sentence pronounced to Kulbushan Jadhav by the military tribunal. And one significant outcome of this judgement is that it has stayed the death sentence given by Pakistan military court until there is review and reconsideration of the pronounced judgement of execution. Here when we say execution it means death sentence. It is in line with this judgement or acting in accordance with this judgement Pakistan has said that it would grant consular access to Kulbushan Jadhav on 2nd September and we should know that though Jadhav has been in the custody of Pakistan since 2016 it is only after the ICJ judgement Pakistan has granted the consular access on September 2. So the consular access has been given after a period of around 3 years. So on September 2 Mr Jadhav has received the consular access by way of meeting with the Indian Chargedy Affair Mr Gaurav Akhluwalia. It is said that he has met Mr Jadhav at a sub jail in Islamabad and when we say Chargedy Affair it means he is the deputy of the ambassador. Here the ambassador refers to Indian High Commissioner to Pakistan and we know that after India has revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir and also the temporary provisions to Jammu and Kashmir that were given in article 370 Pakistan expelled Indian High Commissioner to Pakistan and therefore Mr Akhluwalia has been acting as a substitute or a deputy of Indian High Commissioner in Pakistan. So that is why he has called us Chargedy Affair. After the consular access the statement from Pakistan's spokesperson from its foreign ministry is that Pakistan has provided unimpeded and uninterrupted consular access to Kulbushan Jadhav. This access lasted for around 2 hours but in the presence of officials of government of Pakistan. It also stated that there was also no restriction on the language of communication between the Kulbushan Jadhav and the consul. Deputy of external affairs of India has also published an official statement after the meeting. It stated that Pakistan is compelling Kulbushan Jadhav to narrate a certain version of events that will help Pakistan in this particular case. So future course of action will be taken based on the report that will be given by the Indian consul. It is said that Mr Kulbushan Jadhav appeared to be under extreme pressure to parrot that is to narrate a false narrative to bolster Pakistan's untenable claims. That is Pakistan has pressurized Mr Jadhav to tell a wrong story so that Pakistan will be in the advantageous position to support its false claims. In the official statement India has stated that Pakistan had committed a gross violation of Vienna Convention 1963. Now this violation is because the Vienna Convention allows for prompt or immediate consular access in such cases. But even though India has been demanding since 2016 only almost after a period of three years Pakistan has given consular access and that is also not on its own but because of binding obligations of Pakistan based on the verdict given by the International Court of Justice. When we say Vienna Convention of 1963 it means Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963. This convention established consular relations between the states or between the countries. It came into force on 19th March of 1967. The article 2 of this convention states that the consular relations takes place by mutual consent. With respect to this convention know that both India and Pakistan have accession to this convention. Now when we say accession it means that both the countries have not signed this convention but expressed their consent to become a party to this convention. This consent is expressed by depositing an instrument of accession. When we say accession it has the same legal effect as ratification to this convention. So therefore both these countries are bound to the rules mentioned in the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963. So these are some of the information with respect to the analysis of this news article. Now the Indian government has also asked the Pakistan to effectively review and reconsider the death sentence as asked by the International Court of Justice. India has also criticized the trial that has happened with respect to the case by the Pakistan's military tribunal as farcical because of the absurd nature associated with the trial process. This is because we do not know whether Mr. Jadav was given a fair hearing during the trial. So these are some of the information with respect to the analysis of this news article. Now the future course of action would be Pakistan has to carry out this review and reconsideration. Now let's move on to the next article. This news article talks about India's first manned mission to space that has been proposed by ISRO. This mission is called as Gaganyan. We know that Gagan means space and Yan means vehicle. The news article mentions that India and Russia are to cooperate in the space sector with respect to Gaganyan project. Russia will be helping India in some four or five critical areas of this ambitious mission. One such cooperation will be extended to training Indians in Russian facilities. In other sectors Russia will be helping India to adapt Russian technologies to Indian requirements. We know that Russia have huge experience in human spaceflight programs and the cooperation is also expected therefore to reduce the time consumption in executing the Gaganyan project and also eliminating the margins of error in the successful completion of this project. The deadline for the completion of Gaganyan mission has been given by the Prime Minister of India during the Independence Day speech in the year 2018. He said that by the year India celebrates the 75th Independence Day celebrations that is by the year 2022 India would have sent its first manned mission to space. Then ISRO has outlined a roadmap so as to put a three man crew in the low earth orbit for a duration of around five to seven days. ISRO has announced that the launch of Gaganyan will be carried out using GSLV Mark III rocket. When we say low earth orbit it is an orbit around earth with an altitude above earth surface from 160 kilometers to around 2000 kilometers. Some scientists say this orbit starts from the altitude of 180 kilometers also. The news article mentions that the Gaganyan program is already on track and the process of selection of astronauts will begin shortly and by the end of 2019 they will be taken to Russia for training and after a period of around 15 month training another selection will be made at the end and those who are selected after the training will get advanced training in India before the actual launch. With the experience of Russia particularly in human spaceflight for over some last 50 years India sees Russia as a reliable and long term partner with great experience and therefore to further facilitate increased cooperation between India and Russia particularly in Gaganyan program a special ISRO unit will be established in Indian embassy situated in Moscow and it is expected that in few days Indian prime minister and Russian president will be meeting in Vladivostok in Russia during the bilateral meeting it is expected that the space cooperation will be reviewed at the highest level here at the highest level means at the levels of heads of government with respect to Gaganyan program we know the cost expected is to be under 10,000 crore less than the budget of several films or movies and there will also be two unmanned missions prior to the manned mission now this is because normally when we send satellites even if there is some damage there will not be any loss of human lives but when we send a human spacecraft they have to go to space and they have to safely return back to earth therefore ISRO is sending two unmanned missions to validate the critical technologies that are required to make a manned mission successful if it becomes successful India will become the fourth nation in the world to successfully launch a human spaceflight mission and with regard to this program ISRO has also commenced its work in human spaceflight center which was inaugurated in January this year in Bangalore it will be responsible for the implementation of Gaganyan project particularly it will deal with end-to-end mission planning development of engineering systems for the survival of the crew in space it will also play a very important role in crew selection and training and it will carry out the activities for sustained human spaceflight missions that is it will continue activities for more human spaceflight missions so these are some of the information with respect to the analysis of this news article now let's move on to next article this news article talks about eight core industries and it also talks about index of industrial production the article mentions that during the period of April to July the eight sectors that is the eight core sectors have grown only by three percent compared to the same period in the previous year that is in 2018 where the growth was around 5.9 percent these eight sectors are called as core industries or core sectors because they impact every economic activity and they serve as a backbone of all other industries and within the index of industrial production these eight core industries constitute 40.27 percent of total index now these eight core industries are coal crude oil natural gas refinery products fertilizers steel cement and electricity now coming to index of industrial production it measures short-term changes in the volume of production this change is measured for a given period with respect to the same period in a particular base year the base period for index of industrial production is 2011-12 and these short-term changes are measured for a basket of industrial products simply we can say it is a composite indicator that measures short-term changes in the volume of production of a basket of industrial products during a given period with respect to that period in the base year it is compiled and published on a monthly basis by central statistics office but with the time lag of around six weeks from the reference month say for example if they are going to publish for the month of july after the completion of the month there will be a time lag of six weeks for publishing the index for the month of july we know that central statistics office come under the ministry of statistics and program implementation this index captures the performance of three sectors manufacturing mining and electricity and we can find of these three sectors manufacturing has the highest weightage one of the reasons for the highest weightage of manufacturing sector is because of the number of items taken from manufacturing sector in the basket and IAP also accounts for several goods within the sectors of manufacturing mining and electricity and these goods are classified as basic goods capital goods intermediate goods consumer durable goods and non-durable goods basic goods symbolize raw materials or products used in manufacturing and capital goods refer plants and machinery intermediate goods refer those goods that are used for manufacturing another products when we say consumer durable these are durable items say for example a television or a computer and when we say consumer non-durable these are goods that cannot be consumed after a particular short period or these goods cannot be used for long time say for example newspapers milk powder etc and simply we can say an all-india index of industrial production single representative figure to measure the general level of industrial activity in the economy on a monthly basis these are some of the information with the analysis of this news article now let's move on to the practice questions discussion session now this question is with respect to the tribal group of ryang they have given two statements and are asking which of the above statements are not correct now the first statement they reside only in the states of mesoram and tripura but during our analysis today we discussed that they also reside in the state of asam and are listed as schedule tribes in asam megalaya mesoram and tripura so this makes the first statement incorrect now the second statement they are listed as particularly vulnerable tribal group only in the state of tripura we saw that though they are listed as schedule tribes in four states they are listed as particularly vulnerable tribal group only in the state of tripura so this makes the second statement a correct statement and from the state of tripura they are the only tribal group who are listed under particularly vulnerable tribal group so the question has asked for incorrect statements so only the first statement is incorrect therefore the correct answer for this question is option a one only now this question is with respect to vienna convention of 1963 we might have heard of vienna convention of 1961 and there is also vienna convention on the law of treaties vienna convention on 1961 means vienna convention on diplomatic relations when we say vienna convention of 1963 it means the vienna convention on consular relations that is consular relations between the states so this convention of 1963 establishes consular relations between states the statement is correct the second statement says that india is a signatory to this convention if you see as of now there are 48 signatories and around 180 parties to this convention and during our analysis we saw that india is not a signatory rather it has accession to this convention we saw that accession means the country has not signed the treaty rather it has expressed its consent to become a party to that treaty by depositing an instrument of accession which has same legal effect as ratification or acceptance or approval so note that india is not a signatory but india is a party to this convention through accession this case applies true for both india and pakistan pakistan has accession to this convention in 1969 and india has accession in the year 1977 so the second statement is incorrect so the question asks for the correct statement so the correct answer is option a one only because only the first statement is correct this question is with respect to the gaganyan mission they have given two statements and are asking which of the above statements are correct the first statement gaganyan mission will take the first indian citizen to space this statement is incorrect because way back in 1984 an indian citizen has entered space through a joint indo-soviet space mission and he is squadron leader rakesh sharma so he is the first indian to orbit in space he was also awarded asoka chakra award in the year 1984 itself if the question is given us gaganyan mission will take the first indian citizen to space through a indian spacecraft it would have made the statement a correct statement otherwise the statement is wrong the second statement the launch vehicle used will be gslv mark 3 the statement is correct the gslv mark 3 launch wake will be made provisions to carry a crew of around three astronauts and they will be in space for a period of five to seven days and this feat has to be achieved or realized before the independence day in the year 2022 so only the second statement is correct therefore the correct answer to this question is option b two only they have given three statements in this question this question is with respect to index of industrial production they're asking which of the above statements are correct first statement index of industrial production measures the short-term price changes of a basket of industrial products compared to a base year now this statement is incorrect because iip measures short-term changes in the volume of production for a basket of industrial products so it does not measure the price changes so the first statement becomes incorrect now the second statement central statistics office releases iip on a monthly basis now this statement is correct it is compiled and published on a monthly basis by central statistics office however with a time lag of six weeks from the reference month the third statement it shows the general level of industrial activity in the economy now this statement is true because it provides a single representative figure to measure the general level of industrial activity on a monthly basis so here we find only the second and third statements as correct so this means option b two and three will be the correct answer for this question