 on post editing things like rendering, authoring and publishing the content. So, look at the overview, rendering the content, authoring the content ISO file, DVD, VCD and CDs, synchronization multimedia presentation, publishing the content like as TML, JavaScript, XML, first we look at the workflow of post editing. Suppose we edit sequence, we render it DVD file, then make ISO, then burn DVD and for VCD use DVD file also to make a VCD and save image, ISO, energy near image and we also we have to render sequence in web video format. We can directly after on server web video and go to synchronization multimedia presentation and publish it presentation directory. It has XML file, Q point of video and some other information related to player and slides. So, come to rendering, what is a rendering? Rendering is a process to make a separate file from different multiple inputs like video, image, graphics, motion graphics. Suppose this is a sequence, multiple inputs go into sequence and then render final output. We want a final output after editing. So, we have to render the sequence, come to video sequence rendering. In video editing, rendering final output can be in different formats, FDV formats, M2T file. Suppose you want to create a high definition digital video disc, then you choose M2T extension. It is based on MPEG 2 higher level rendering. So, choose M2T extension. M2T is a extension of MPEG 2 file, but the higher level of the video. DVD format MPEG 2 file, VCD format MPEG 1 file and web and streaming purpose. You should see the server first, which server you are using for streaming purpose. There are lots of server available to stream the video. So, depends on the server, web and streaming format, mobile phone, 3GP, FLV, MPEG 4. So, these are the rendering formats to use DVD, VCD, high definition digital disc, web and streaming and mobile phones. Some techniques are useful information to render the file for MPEG 2. Use every time VBR, variable bit rate. You take minimum bit rate 1.7, not a default, but should use and target bit rate 2.5 and maximum bit rate. We are discussed in our previous session that minimum bit rate, target bit rate and maximum bit rate used in VBR. So, this is the minimum bit rate, target bit rate and maximum bit rate. By only one R video, then you increase the bit rate, because the DVD has capacity 4.7, but you have a 3 R video, then you decrease this value with 2 pass. MPEG VBR has 2 pass encoding, 1 for video and 1 for audio. First VBR encode the video, then encode the audio, then merge the file. For MPEG 1, use VBR, CBR, but you should use CBR, because bit rates are low. So, there are no need to use VBR encoding to encode in MPEG 1 format. Use bit rate 1.15 megabytes per second to 1.7 megabytes per second, web and streaming, keep resolution 352 into 288. In ACI, we are using PAL video standard. So, use this and you use bit rate 100 to 400. You do not have the higher bandwidth, then use 100. If you have higher bandwidth, then use 400 and above also. And mobile phone select screen size of mobile phone resolution and use 64 to 128 kilobyte per second. So, these are some useful information to render the file for a different source. It is not a standard. You can customize also. Suppose you have to render DVD, quality video and VCD, quality video. Suppose you want to make both DVD and VCD, then some people use MPEG 1, then render MPEG 2, MPEG 2 for DVD, MPEG 1 for VCD. So, avoid these things. You should render only MPEG 2. The burning software convert MPEG 2 to MPEG 1 for VCD. So, there are no need to make again MPEG 1. You should render only MPEG 2 file. If you want to make only DVD, then render MPEG 2 definitely and to make only VCD, then MPEG 1. But after MPEG 1, do not create the DVD, because the quality will not improve. MPEG 1 say MPEG 2, but quality MPEG 2 will not be available. MPEG 1 say MPEG 2 will be available. But MPEG 2 say MPEG 1 will be available. So, quality definitely come with MPEG 1 key. So, for DVD and VCD purpose you should be rendered in MPEG 2. For DVD quality video, MPEG 2 also and VCD quality MPEG 1. Rendering for web and streaming video depends on server used. Which server we are using? Lots of server available. Suppose you are using Windows media streaming server, then use WMV and Apple Qtime streaming server MOV file. You should be rendered in MOV extension. If you have a streaming server of Qtime video, real media streaming server, Helix server is a popular server using RM format, real media format, Flash media server, FLV file. It is very popular, because the FLV file we can play in any browser, any operating system. Suppose you render WMV, it play only Windows media. If you do not have the plugin in Linux, then you cannot play in Linux machine. If you have a Flash media server, any client can see your content in any browser, any operating system. But you have WMV, Windows media streaming server, then only Windows client can see your content. If Linux also but Linux require the plugin of Windows media player, Google video, YouTube video is basically FLV format. Many more streaming servers available for streaming the video, example streaming YouTube video and Google video. Render for mobile phone, it can be categorized into two types of standard, standalone. Suppose you have to render a file for mobile phone and play directly on mobile phone. You should be rendered in 3GP MPEG-4, Flashlight. Suppose you have multiple courses like educational field. There are multiple courses. We have table of contents, some requirements. This type of application can be created in Flashlight. Flashlight is a inbuilt software of Adobe Flash. It has a device central. There are lots of list of mobile phones and you create a Flashlight document and use FLV 3GP files. Flashlight. Suppose you have a video. You have to directly play on mobile phone. So just render and put it in mobile phone. But you have 10 courses. Table of contents should come first. According to you, your logo should come, your company's summary, your things like codec, you have to choose, install from there. You have to make an application to get all those things. It is possible in Flashlight. Now, come to authoring the content. After rendering the file, we have to author the content for delivery. Render. So, we have to author the content. The delivery media could be storage device, hard disk place, optical storage device like DVD. It can be data video both. Directly data DVD write Karkidia or DVD write Karkidia. We can play in DVD, home DVD player also. CD also data and video. And through internet, direct upload KIA server play internet. Now, come to making DVD VCD. After rendering, we have MPEG 2 file, MPEG file, WMB file. Then we have to make DVD VCD. Suppose you want to make a DVD, then first setting autoplay video intro and graphics. Suppose you have intro about, intro information about your company. Then you want to make first play intro. CD Dala. Then create menu and chapters. What is the difference between menu and chapters? Menu basically has different file location. Click on that file. Click on the other menu. What is the point of chapter A? That chapter at that time. Second chapter will start. One hour video suppose you have chapter 1 for 25 minutes. After 25 minutes chapter 2, 35 minutes chapter 3. In one file we can create the chapter in one file. Then setting video options or mode of playback. What is this? Suppose you have one hour video. Use high quality MPEG 2. Suppose you have 3 hours video. Then use lower quality video of MPEG 2. We can customize the duration of the DVD. We can create for one hour. We can create for 8 hours. But in VCD if our inputs suppose our input is low quality or high quality. VCD does not have any difference. It supports up to 80 minutes after conversion. At maximum it takes up to 75 minutes. Rest it takes up to file 1 for system information. But we can make the DVD in our own way. We can make it for 1 hour or 8 hours. You will see in market there are 3 movies in one DVD. Actually they are doing bitrate less. They render 1, 1, 5, 0 kilobytes per second. They can get data in 6 VCD. Mode of play also. Long play, standard play, super play. Then suppose you want to create only one disc and there are no need for the data. Then burn directly DVD. You want to take back up of the this data. Then create ISO file. In future you have to make multiple copies of the DVD, VCD. So, first make ISO image. Then create video TS folder and burn DVD. There are no need to create video TS. You can directly burn DVD if you have ISO image. And VCD set first play intro, video graphics and then create menu and make ISO image and burn VCD and save image file. You can first create ISO and then burn VCD. So, why ISO? ISO means international organization for standardization. It is a package which has multiple files used to distribute to client. Basically, ISO is a bundle of whole files. Suppose you have made a DVD. You will have a system related file. You will have some information video TS, audio TS folder. You will get all the files and make a file to make ISO. And when you want to create multiple copies, then you can directly use ISO file and make DVD. You can make menu, chapter, then write, name, how it was in the first level, how it happened in the next level. First time you must have done accurate work. No need to add files every time when you make multiple copies of CDs, DVD. You have to prepare 100 copies. You have to add video so many times. You have to generate so many times. You have to give a link so many times. This is not the way to do it. So, you should make ISO first. Then create multiple copies. No need to create menu every time when you make multiple copies of VCD, DVD. Easily, it can be taken back up. If you want to take back up, then find all the files and put them back up. Now, web based content. It has two types of content. First is synchronization multimedia content and second is video directly on web. Suppose you have a rendered video, then you can upload on server directly. Synchronization multimedia presentation is a powerful presentation tool to make a video presentation because video has Q point of slides. First slide, second slide, third slide. The Q point video. If you click on the table of contents, then the video will go with the slide at that particular time. Suppose you have a lecture and you want to go a particular slide. If I am take two file, you have to search where it is and suppose we have synchronization multimedia presentation, then go directly on that topic. It has Q point of video, XML file related to captioning and information of slides, javascript file for player information and CSS file for style cascading style sheet, dynamic view of the content and image, video, audio. So, synchronization multimedia presentation is a powerful tool to make a presentation to upload the server. Now, publishing the content. Suppose you made a video presentation, then we have to publish it into browser readable files, HTML, javascript, CSS. Synchronization multimedia presentation tool used to publish the content and distribute these. Publish Karni ke baad usko distribute karni CD made thena dvd me thena ya beptya upload karni CD dvd meh dehte toh sabse pehle hame auto run file create karni padathe ki CD dala apneha file chal gai. Information file related to player and other things. Suppose apka player support in a krta usko toh information dikhayega apko ki ith nahi chal rahe you have to install this thing, this codec and this plugin and world directory of publishing content put inside the dvd or cd. And wave server, wave server page of eC content ko daltene toh there are no need to add auto run file. For example, you can see in our website eklavya.it.iitv.ac.in related to this session we will take exercise in lab. Thank you.