 Dear learners, I welcome you to the discussion on sociology and other social sciences as you have already must have gone through in your self-learning materials. This is the second unit of the course titled Introduction to Sociology in the first semester program of BA Sociology. Sociology and other social sciences, HOMAS.TO, ARO, ANANDO, HOMAS, BIKGAN, HEER, HOGZITU, OEDHAI, OEDHAI, DOE NUMBER OEDHAI, AAPUNALUKINI SAUE, ZIHINIA MAH SELF LEARNING MATERIAL, TAT HATU HITIMATHE POR HEE GOESHE, ETO AMAR INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY NAMAR ZITU COURSE, BA FIRST SEMISTER SOCIOLOGY, TAT ANTAR BOKTA HOYASHE, AGI HAMI TARBHI HAI ALOSUNA PORIN. So let us first be clear about the objective of this discussion. Here in this discussion we will try to know and understand the relationship that exists among sociology and other social sciences. To be very specific the other social sciences that we are going to discuss here are history, political science, next we have in line economics followed by anthropology and then we have social psychology. So in this unit and in this discussion we are going to understand the relationship of all of these social science subjects with sociology. But first of all I would like to tell you about the aspect of this discussion. What are the aspects of this discussion? I am going to talk about this discussion in detail in detail in a few minutes. This discussion is also going to be discussed by the Canadian government. In order to systematically approach in this discussion what we shall do is we will divide the discussion into three parts. Section A, B and C. In section A we will first introduce the broad theme followed by trying to understand the relationship between sociology and history. The next section would be section B. Here we will try to understand the relationship between sociology and political science on the one hand. On the other here also we will try to understand the relationship between sociology and economics. The next section is of course section C. Here we will try to understand the relationship between sociology and anthropology and the other discipline that is left as per our unit content is social psychology followed by some concluding remarks. So let us begin with section A now. So whenever you say that you are a student of sociology or whenever a discussion on the subject matter of sociology comes up the common question that one faces is what does sociology study? And the very common answer that we often get, the common response that we often get is that sociology studies the society which is not incorrect but is that sufficient? Is it sufficient to say that sociologist that is the society? I have already mentioned that there is a very common question that what does sociology study? And the very common answer that we often get is that sociology studies the society. It is because other social science disciplines, say political science, say history, say anthropology, say economics, don't you think that these disciplines also study the society? Is it not so? I will tell you about the subject matter that we often get. What is the feeling of not being sufficient? As you all know, the subject matter that we often get is what we often get. Gautique amusory calls a sociologist that is the society which is not false but again it does not distinguish or differentiate sociology as an individual discipline which is different in terms of its approaches and aspects from the other social sciences. Now if you think that it is true that all of these disciplines study the society and therefore if we want to define sociology in a definite manner, we want a more crisp and a more valid argument. In that case, let me tell you that the answer lies in the approach of the different disciplines. Say for example, caste as a social phenomena may be studied by say economics, by say sociology, by political science and by anthropology or perhaps other disciplines also. But what differentiates the position of each of these disciplines is that the way they will look at caste is very different from all the other perspectives. So the way sociology will look at caste is very different from the way economics will look at caste which again may be very different from the way political science will look at caste. And therefore it is these approaches of these disciplines which make or distinguish and establish these disciplines as individual disciplinary identities. So if we want to define the way we will look at these disciplines as individual disciplinary identities, then how do we distinguish and differentiate all of these disciplines as individual disciplines? The approach of these disciplines is very different from that of political science which again will be very different from the way economics looks at caste. So these are the approaches of these disciplines which make or distinguish and establish these disciplines as individual identity. This is section A or her first section. So now we are looking into the first section that is section A. Introduction of the broad theme has already been given. So let us now move forward to the discussion on the relationship between sociology and history. At the end of the program section or the section A is the introduction to the broad introduction. At the end of the program section is the introduction to the broad introduction. History as we know the discipline of history, it of course narrates events, activities and phenomena. But we also know that in present times over time the disciplinary orientation has evolved and therefore history now not only narrates, it does not simply narrate or give a chronological account of events, it also interprets. And sociology of course it is interested in knowing the historical development of society, the social relationships and sociology interestingly helps in facilitating the social context which will further help in contextualizing events, activities and phenomena. And this gives us a very lucid way to understand the relationship between sociology and history. And sociology as we know is the historical development of the historical development of the social relationships, the social context and so on. And now we will talk about the social context of the social context. And because of this I will talk about the disciplinary orientation or approach of the social context. This is actually what I am talking about. The social context of the social context is a phenomenon or an event of the social discipline. The disciplinary orientation of the social discipline is a social context. Now we proceed to the second section, section B. Here we will try to understand the relationship between sociology and political science and also sociology and economics. Section B, or DTO section. We all know that in order to understand the politics say for example, it is very essential to know the social background, all social phenomena or any social phenomena for that matter, they are assigned political underpinnings. They have political underpinnings. And in order to understand a social phenomena therefore it is essential to know the multi-dimensional aspects of it. For example, the caste system is not a standalone entity. There in order to understand the caste system one has to know the geographical dimension of the place where this practice is prevalent. One has to know the economic aspects of that society, the political aspects. So in order to understand the social phenomena when we say social actually we inherently include and imply all of these multi-dimensional aspects. Say the polity, the economy because all of them comprehensively form the society. Again knowledge of political systems and political connotations is very essential in order to develop a holistic understanding of the society. Therefore it is a very interlinked and interdependent system. So when we say society which consists of all of these aspects, therefore to understand the social we have to know all of these aspects. Again if I have to understand any of these aspects we have to know the social. For example, if we want to see why a particular political ideology is more dominant in a particular region and not in others. Why is that so? In order to understand that it is very essential for us to know the social background of that place and the other interrelated aspects which have already been mentioned. That only will help us to achieve or to develop a holistic understanding of the society. I know that if I want to know politics or politics, then I will be able to know the social background of that place. This is an interrelated and interdependent process. We need to know all the aspects of this process. We need to know all the aspects of this process. We need to know all the aspects of our political, social and economic aspects. So if we want to know all the aspects of our social phenomena, I will take the multi-dimensional point of view. In order to understand the social background of that place, we need to know the social background of that place and the other interrelated aspects which have already been mentioned. We need to know all the aspects of that place and the other interrelated aspects which have already been mentioned. We need to know all the aspects of that place and the other interrelated aspects which have already been mentioned. We need to know all the aspects of that place and the other interrelated aspects which have already been mentioned. We need to know all the aspects of that place and the other interrelated aspects which have already been mentioned. Next we have the relationship between sociology and economics. Economic activities or economic relationships you know are closely associated with social phenomena, social activities, social relationships. I have already mentioned about the interrelatedness or the interdependence of all of these aspects. Now study of the economy cannot be done without a comprehensive understanding of the whole society. I have already explained with previous examples of the caste system and political ideologies and it is the same. The case is same in case of the economy also. If we want to know for example why the per capita income of a particular state is very high as opposed to others, then we have to know what are the social causes, what are the political dynamics of that place, what are the demographic dynamics of that place. Only if we know all of these amongst others only then we will be able to identify the causes behind a particular state having a higher per capita income as against the others. Likewise study of any social phenomena would be inadequate without an understanding of the economic dimension. So the logic is very simple. I have already referred to it in the discussion of the previous disciplines which we have already highlighted. So study of any social phenomena say for example gender based discrimination. If we consider gender based discrimination as a phenomena here then a study of that particular phenomena would definitely be inadequate without knowing the economic dimensions. That why women or men in a particular area are discriminated against or why one particular sexual identity is more considered to be more privileged against others. In order to know that we have to know the social setting of that society. What are the traditions from where do they get these ideas, how have they developed over time without knowing the background. And of course the economic dimension in this case we must know that because of such a discrimination which exists in the society are there any economic implications. And therefore again you see the interrelationship and the interdependence among these social science disciplines. That is why we have to consider the originality of our society. We know that any economic activity, economic relationship is closely related to any social phenomena. It is a very strong home for culture. That is why the logic behind it is that the way I have described it in Rajnej Birjan, I have already mentioned it in the previous slide. If I consider any economic aspect of it, then I would say homo-scan as a whole, multidimensional point of view. If not, then I would say that it is a very strong economic activity. If I consider any social phenomena as a whole, then I would say homo-scan as a whole, multidimensional point of view. I would say homo-scan as a whole. If I consider any social phenomena as a whole, then I would say homo-scan as a whole, multidimensional point of view. I would say homo-scan as a whole, multidimensional point of view. If I consider any social phenomena as a whole, then I would say homo-scan as a whole, multidimensional point of view. If I consider any social phenomena as a whole, I would say homo-scan as a whole, multidimensional point of view. Now we proceed to the last section, that is Section C, Sociology and Anthropology and Sociology and Social Psychology. I will explain the section C, Sociology and Anthropology and Sociology and Social Psychology. So, originally when the disciplines developed, Sociology and Anthropology, they were seen as contrasting or contradictory to each other in terms of their disciplinary orientations. That is because Sociology was considered to be a study of the urban, the modern, which was newly emerging at that point of time. On the other hand, Anthropology was considered to be a study of the past, the primitive, the rural, the tribes, the villages and therefore there was seen to be a clear contradiction between the two disciplines. Not only that, even in terms of their methodological approaches, they were considered to be very different. So, Anthropology was associated, unlike Sociology, with intensive fieldwork, participatory methods of research, ethnographic works and therefore there were clear distinctions between both the disciplines. However, with time we have seen that there is a growing interrelationship between the disciplines and it can be seen in the interdisciplinarity of the approaches, the subject matter that both these disciplines now engage with. For example, however, with time we know that there has developed an increasing interdisciplinarity in terms of approaches, in terms of subject matter between both these disciplines and now therefore the traditional way of looking at Sociology and Anthropology as two distinct disciplines is not valid, we can say, is not valid anymore. And therefore, in present times to look at these, both of these disciplines as binaries would not be very appropriate. Similarly, the emergence of Sociology and Anthropology, as shown in the video, the two disciplines of Sociology and Anthropology were established, in terms of methodology, subject matter, approach, everything. Why were the disciplines established? Because Sociology is our urban or modern or industrial setup. Sociology has been established, it has been established. And in terms of Anthropology, this is our Anthropology. Primitive, Rural, our Grammar and Salt. This is what we call Anthropology, this is what we call it. So, Sociology and Anthropology are very similar to each other or are similar to each other. Now, in terms of content, the approach to methodological approach, which I will show you in the video, this is what we call it. Unlike Sociology, what was Anthropology? It was an intensive fieldwork. It was a very good fieldwork. Participatory research methods, ethnography, and other methods were very good. Sociology was very less. So, this is what we call as Duiuta Discipline. It was established as a very unique concept. But, I will show you in the video, that Duiuta Discipline, which I will show you in the video, I will show you in the video, the discipline of content and methodological approach. Now, I will show you a very strong interdisciplinary element. So, I will show you the Grammar and Salt, I will show you the Tribal and Anthropology. I will show you the Sociology and Mathematics. I will show you that. The methodological approach is very interdisciplinary. So, I will show you the traditional method which is called Duiuta Discipline. The methodological approach is very appropriate. Now, we come to the discussion on the relationship between Sociology and Social Psychology. This is what we call as Sociology and Social Psychology. When we say Social Psychology, we immediately understand that Social Psychology deals with the mental processes of the human beings or the social beings, human beings who are social beings. And, if we refer to what we have already discussed, then we know that in our order to understand any one aspect, we must look at it from a multi-dimensional point of view. Therefore, to understand the mental state of an individual also, it is very important to understand his or her social background. So, when we talk about Social Psychology, we know that in Social Psychology, the individual has to deal with the mental process or the cognitive aspects of it. That is what we call as Duiuta Discipline. And, if we refer to what we have already discussed, in Social Psychology, and then we will go back to our point of view, then we will go back to the Duiuta Discipline. And, if we refer to what we have already discussed, then we will go back to the Duiuta Discipline. And, if we refer to the multi-dimensional point of view, then we will go back to the Duiuta Discipline. Therefore, if we look at the mental or cognitive aspects of Duiuta Discipline, then we will go back to the entire social background of the individual. The scholar called Kimball Young has said, I quote, We might say that while our major emphasis is on the individual in interaction with others, such interaction can only be understood within the social life and cultural matrix within which it occurs. This is precisely what has just been mentioned. That is, in order to understand an individual and his or her interaction with others, it is inevitable for us to know the cultural matrix or the social life where that interaction has occurred. Kimball Young's scholar said, I quote, We might say that while our major emphasis is on the individual in interaction with others, such interaction can only be understood within the social life and cultural matrix within which it occurs. Again, if we look at it from the other point of view, in order to understand the social structure and its dynamics, it is of course essential to understand the psychological factors. In addition, if we look at the interaction and interdependence of others, then we can understand the social structure of others, the social health of others, the physical health of others, then we can understand the psychological aspects, the psychological factors of others. This is what we have to look at. I have, these are, these as you can see are the broad conclusions that we derive from this discussion. I have already highlighted all of these points throughout the entire discussion about the importance of the different approaches in distinguishing disciplines from each other and about the importance of a multi-dimensional perspective to study the society. This discussion, as you know, is the second unit of the course and is therefore available in your self-learning materials. There you will also find model questions and you will find questions to check your progress. So, if those will be even more helpful for you to understand this topic. Thank you very much.