 The KEEP1-NRF2 pathway is a major regulator of cytoprotective responses to oxidative and electrophilic stress, which prevents cancer initiation and progression in normal and pre-malignant tissues, but provides growth advantage in fully malignant cells by increasing cancer chemo-resistance and enhancing tumor cell growth. This article was authored by Amelia Kansenin, Soviem Kusmanin, Hannah Linenin, and others.