 Hello everyone. It is very nice to have you today and my name is Vernon Segele. I'm one of the Harvard Humphrey Ferriship Program. One of the Humphrey Ferros at UC Davis. I hope you know what is the Humphrey Ferriship Program. It's a U.S. government funded program and it brings about professional, they call us like middle career professionals, that's what they name us. So we are actually people who work for from different countries and we work in different areas. So we come here in the United States to spend like 10 months of professional training in different areas. So I come from Tanzania and I work for the government of Tanzania and one of the regional government administrations in Tanzania called Morogoro Regional Secretariat and I normally work in the forestry or environmental conservation kind of stuff. So we are 12 people here at UC Davis and in the whole of the U.S. we are more than 150 Ferros from different countries and we are almost at the end of our professional career development. We are finishing and going back home on the 7th of the coming month but myself I'll be leaving in like two days to come. So I'll be leaving the U.S. on the 31st of this month and I'll be missing the country. It's so nice country. I have been enjoying living here. People are so nice and the way when I was coming here I normally like to say this because when I was coming here I had a very very negative impression with the U.S. you see but then when I came here I found totally different because people here are so loving, so supportive. They just want to see you succeed in whatever you want. So that is a positive thing that I'll be taking with me back home that people in the U.S. are good. When I was coming here I was like I'm going to be shot because we normally hear black people being shot so I was like I don't know if I'm going to come back home safe but I'm actually about to go back home. So it's a safe country. So thank you very much for organizing this as well. It's a very nice opportunity for me just to say something to these people and you don't know you never know what might happen because we are all human being and nature is all what we want. We depend on almost everything that we we want all our needs comes from the environment. So if we protect our environment we will be able to keep getting all the surprise from the environment but if we don't we will not get all the things that we want. So that was just a brief introduction and so I'll be going to just give you a brief overview of climate change in Tanzania. How has it been like impacting ourselves, our economy, our agricultural production, everything. So I won't cover all the details I just give you a brief overview but then you can ask I'm very open I'll be able to answer all your concerns. So I'll start addressing talking a little bit about my country and what are the climate change drivers and then I'll talk about the impacts and then talk about what are the challenges that we face. So this is my country this is the location of Tanzania. Tanzania is you see it is almost in the central part of Africa towards the southern part so our neighbors are Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, you have Marawi, kind of Mozambique and the DRC Congo. So the size of my country is almost three times the size of California so it's a huge country and it is about 2.5 so almost. So 2.5 the size of California is very big and the population is now 60 million and we normally speak Swahili so Swahili is our national language we don't speak English so English is taught as part of the subject when we do our our education and we have more than 125 different tribal languages I speak six of them so I speak Swahili and I speak five more tribal languages and we have we have been having good number forest in terms of acreage and we have about 31 regions so regions is like I don't know how can I say this in here but it's kind of the state government the government of California so we have 31 regions in Tanzania and we have also districts you call them cities here right so we have also we have district and we have also cities so what we have we have cities we have municipal and we have district councils so we have that kind of organizations so the district council is the not the lowest but kind of the middle government authority but the district council is the one that has the people you see so at the district level you have the district commission I have the district executive directors you have all the police department everything so these are the people the government that they have all the institution that they take care of the people so they are the immediate institution that is close to the people that's the district so these are some of our national treasures I'm very proud to be a Tanzanian because we have all these beautiful natural environment and we have the highest mountain in Africa mountain Kirimanjaro is it is in Tanzania and also we have the Serengeti National Park I hope you might have heard about it where you have the highest concentration of large mammals in the world if you want to go and see all these big mammals you have to go and see them in the Serengeti National Park and we also have the the Ngorongoro crater so the Ngorongoro crater is the they call in Tanzania we call them say like a garden is the Tanzanian's garden of Eden and it is the world largest volcanic depression there's nothing large like the Ngorongoro crater it is the largest in the world in terms of depression and it was formed about 2.5 million million years ago and it it is corn it collapsed so that's why it it has the highest depression so most of the volcanic eruption they have they pour the all these materials up one but this one it is a depression so it is it is very nice so in this Ngorongoro crater you have a lot of other wild animals as well so it is a very very nice place to go and see animals and also see how nature how nature looks like and a lot of people come and see how beautiful is this crater and we have also the Zanzibar we call it the spice island where most of the spices come from Zanzibar and this Zanzibar has been there for many years has been a very very famous place for celebrity and there are a lot of good stories and bad stories as well but the good story is that Zanzibar is very famous for its spices and also has very beautiful beaches and most people who come to Tanzania they definitely have to go to Zanzibar to just see how beautiful is this small island is we have unpolluted beaches and we have many different kinds of spices you know the spices right so we have cinnamon we have nutmeg we have vanilla we have cloves all these beautiful spices so it has the most beautiful beaches in the world this is what they say and I also believe because I have been to Zanzibar just once but it is true they have very very beautiful beaches very clean beaches and they have also other places that are very nice for for visiting they have the what they call the they have what they call the Bruce Safari there's a prison island there's also a house of wonder if you want to go and there is also the Joseon Forest it's a national park it's a very beautiful so I just want to after talking how beautiful is Tanzania so that is just a small section of it we have a lot of other national park and beautiful areas just to to to observe so I have just named some of the biggest attractive areas in Tanzania so let me just pass you through the climate change drivers like what are the key issues that drive climate change in Tanzania so in Tanzania unlike most developed countries so most of our climate change drivers are from land use change and forestry and from primarily from the forestation when I talk about forestation I mean cutting down trees and we cut trees mostly for fuel like charcoal and firewood because these are the most common sources of fuel in Tanzania charcoal and firewood so we we cut them we cut the trees just to make for firewood and we cut trees to make charcoal and then we can use this for cooking and then the another driver is a agriculture expansion because my as I said my country's the population is now like 60 million but we used to be like 7 million in the 1950 so in the space of these few years you can see how much the population has exploded so what means is that and because of the poor agricultural technology that we have so what most people do they just go in the forest like clear down trees plant some some some crops for first year to a second year I mean I mean first year second year third year maybe fourth year they find that that plot is not producing that much enough food so they have to move again find another beautiful and cut down trees so they what they do so we have been doing that that means we have been reducing our forest cover and also we have been affecting the soil structure and we have been also affecting the the soil fertility so this is just and the picture of what is what actually happens as you can see the normally just clear fair they cut down all the trees and then the the plant for the one but then after some few years then they have to move again we call it shifting agriculture so isn't it's not a very good practice and this is because they don't have kind of good agricultural like practices and also might be some issues with agricultural mechanization like lack of equipment for agriculture and also issues like fertilizer and stuff so that's why they they don't do like an intensive agriculture like what you do here so this is what happens so in this case deforestation in my country they are estimating that every year we are losing about five hundred and eight thousand hectares per year this is the size that we are losing every year and if you compare this with one of the states here in the US is actually equivalent to the size of the Delaware so every year we are cutting down trees of the size of Delaware state which is it is it is very much right it is very significant so what they are trying to estimate is that under this what they call BAU business as usual scenario if we continue doing the same stuff so they are trying to estimate that in 82 years so the whole of the country be a desert so if you don't do anything to prevent this so in 82 years we will see all that country being a desert and in terms of carbon dioxide emission from deforestation the contribution is about 58.5 million tons per year so this is what I was talking about you see these two ladies they are carrying on their heads these firewoods so this is actually what happens they correct this firewood take them with them home for them to cook food and on the other side you see this beautiful lady she's kind of trading so this business is very creative and a lot of people especially in the in the rural communities they're getting these they're going they're doing this business because it is very very profitable they make very good money because just one sack of you see like that sack it in Tanzania she rings is like from 25,000 Tanzania she rings to 50,000 which is equivalent to like $10 to like $20 which is a very good money so on the other hand it's a very good business for for people who live in the rural community right but it is not a very good business in terms of the environment and the bad thing is that it's not it's not that these guys in the rural community are using this charcoal most of these charcoal are used by people in the cities so all the city dwellers because they don't have like they don't have electricity they don't have gas like what you have here so most of the energy they use for cooking is charcoal they don't use firewood because firewood they cause I mean they have all the smoke so they don't need they don't want the smoke so they they like the charcoal so most of the charcoals they are being used by city dwellers so and this is what happens you see these ladies they're using charcoal for cooking so if you try to estimate like how much charcoal is used for the whole of Tanzania and how much firewood is used for the whole of Tanzania the statistic shows that charcoal for the whole of the country the rate of use is 37 percent 37 percent charcoal for the whole country but firewood for the whole country is 71 percent so in in a summary it's like most of people in Tanzania they use firewood right most of people in Tanzania they use firewood but if you compare the fuel consumption in cities right like cities vis-a-vis rural areas you find out that charcoal used in the urban areas is very high so in the urban areas almost 80 percent of all the the charcoal that is used I mean 79 percent of the charcoal is used in the urban areas and in the rural areas is on less than 8 percent you see so more charcoal in the urban areas very very less charcoal in the rural areas but more firewood in the rural areas and less less charcoal in the urban area so if you want to control or try to prevent to reduce the rate of deforestation for for for charcoal we have to provide these city dwellers alternative to energy so if we can do that then we can solve a very significant and we can we can solve this problem and also we can save a significant amount of our forest so this is this graph just shows our contribution the greenhouse gas emission contribution and as you can see most of our emissions comes from land use change in forestry which means deforestation agriculture expansion so 72 percent of all our emissions comes from they come from a land use change so agriculture is about 17.17.3 percent and energy about 7.8 percent and the rest so most of our greenhouse gases are from land use change in forest which means deforestation so I this is the second driver population growth as I said in Tanzania in 1950 we were about 7.5 million people but now we are about 60 or 60 percent almost 70 million people so you see in just in a space of 69 years the population has increased almost nine times so what they're expecting that in 69 years ahead like in 28 28 the population of Tanzania is projected to reach 265 million people so yeah but the problem is that you have the same size same land right but the pressure is getting higher and higher and because of unsustainable agricultural activities and all these different other activities we would end up like losing everything we will pollute our waterways we will destroy our forest and I don't know so we have a lot of things to do in terms of population like we need to make sure that we try to slow down the population growth because we know this is going to affect us in the near future so what are the climate change impacts in Tanzania they are a lot so these are just some of them we have been having temperature increase and we have we have been having reduced precipitation I mean drought so then the the amount of rainfall has been decreasing and also we have been having seasonal variation like this this year especially for my city we normally expect rain from the from the month of February like late February or the way to April but for this year we have been having very very little rainfall and most of the rain came was very late like may or something and people were not able to plant because that window is not enough for for someone to to have good harvest so we are expecting that this year is going to be very hard for most of people in Tanzania and we are we are we have also experiencing flooding so it's kind of funny because you have drought and you also have flooding this is one of the challenging aspect for climate change because some of the areas might have very very strong rainfall while others might have very very dry weather conditions so we have some areas that constantly experience flooding and we have also an issue of pest and diseases and we have also an issue of cerebral rise salt intrusion especially in the areas that are very close to the to the cost and we have been having also land use conflict people are fighting each other over pasture especially farmers and livestock keepers they are all competing so they have been clashes and sometimes people kill themselves and we have also been experiencing invasive species species from different other countries and we have also been experiencing migration of people so you find that people from one region they find the area is very very inhospitable so they have to move to find some other areas that they be able to live so we have been experiencing these people are moving from one part of Tanzania to another areas so just in pictures this is actually what is this is just a few pictures the right hand pictures it is a Maasai guy with his head of cattle he's trying to find out where are the best pastures for his cows so this community they have been they have been affected a lot because they have to move their cows very long distance to far to look for pastures and water as well so because of the drought and on the right hand side you see elephants in the drying river so these elephants they're they're starving they they don't have enough water so the river drying up so we find out that most of our animals are beautiful animals are dying because of lack of water and some of them are also dying because of lack of pastures so with this with the Maasai communities they have been number of crashes because they don't have improved like infrastructures for for cows so it's not like here you just you have everything right you can take your cows for for deeps you can take your cows somewhere they can have water you can treat them everything is provided but with these communities there is very very few or poor infrastructures for for cows so that's why they need to take them a long distance to find for water they have to take them a long distance to find for pasture they have also to take them a long distance to to get treated if they have diseases so in Tanzania what the research shows is that the annual temperature has been increasing so it has increased by one percent from 1960 to this time the temperature the average annual temperature has increased by one degrees of centigrade and it is also projected to increase to 1.5 degrees of centigrade in 2030 and two degrees of centigrade by 2050 and 2.7 by 2060 so we are expecting that the temperature will keep increasing so we are expecting more drought periods in the coming years and in the in the coming maybe in a decade or something so this is actually what is happening and the precipitation the amount of rainfall also has been decreasing by two millimeter right so they measure the the the amount of rain in terms of millimeter so the the rainfall has been decreasing by two millimeter per decade so for every 10 years the I mean the rainfall has been decreasing by two two millimeter since 1960 so we have this delayed precipitation we have also prolonged precipitation as I said some of the areas they receive very high amount of rainfall while others they see less so overall lives for keepers cannot find water and pastures and also there have been growing tensions between farmers and life so keepers of water and pastures and also wild animals are dying because of the lack of water past and habitat because people they just cut down trees so they destroy most of the habitats for these animals and the club they have been researched and they are estimating that we are losing about three hundred and eighty three hundred and eighty thousand tons of maize and rejuvenants every year so this is the amount of rejuvenants and maize that we are losing which is pretty significant which is equivalent to about 96.6 million us dollars so that's a good money so we are losing this because of the drought so almost every year so this is a scientific report so these are some of the invasive species I was talking about and the on the left side is called the four army women so I will correct you are VJS so this is it is native to the America this one is actually in the it is even in the US and in the southern part of America so we don't know how did it come to my country but it was first reported in Africa was in 2016 in Nigeria, South home and Togo and in 2017 just one year it was reported to spread to more than 30 African countries in just a span of one year and it destroys crops it is one of the dead repest that is actually wreaking havoc to most of people in my country and the other the other speech on the on my right right hand side it is called Google Karoti in Swahili we call it Google Karoti its pathenium hysterophorus in the scientific name and it it was also reported in Tanzania in 2010 and was around the international airport it was one it was around the Kirimanjaro international airport and this airport is pretty much responsible for most of the tourists so maybe some of some tourists who came in they came with this so it was first reported in the Kirimanjaro international airport and it is also native to Central America it is toxic to animals and when animals eat this they die and if you also you if you get into contact with that they cause skin rashes so it is not a good a good a good weed so this is also one of the pictures that shows how floods actually affects ourselves so people have been dying and we have been losing our infrastructures so the government has to spend lots lots of more money to rebid these infrastructures instead of spending this money for developing the economy for develop developing people the government is spending a lot of money to just fix all these damage infrastructures and people have been losing lives and properties as well I think you know when hurricanes come in or you know where how damaged they cause so people have been dying and also have been losing a number of infrastructures so this is just the prediction this is a scientific prediction like how much we are losing and with with no with no adaptation and how much cost we are going to incur if we do any mitigation measures so all these two graphs they show that the costing is going to be higher and higher if we don't do if we just sit right so the cost is going to be higher and higher but if we do something the cost is going to be reduced so these two graphs that kind of trying to say you better do something right because if you don't do it at the end of the day are going to spend a lot more money to just try to fix the damage and this is a I don't see if I don't know if you can see clearly I said one of the impacts of climate change is short intrusion so this is one of the studies they conducted uh to university the universe of arid we call arid the universe in tanzania and the universe of dar esalam so they did these studies just to know how much salt is actually intruding our wares especially for those people who live very close to the to the cost cost areas so what they noted that they did all the they did all the holes right they tried to establish like control points so they were measuring checking how much salt is in there so what they noted is that the the the amount of salt has been increasing so most of these people they are losing all these good waters for drinking and the worst part is that because of the salt intrusion even this their farms the the soil fertility of their farms is also affected because you have more salts and then you won't be able to produce the amount of foods that you use too so a lot of people have been affected and we don't know so at the end of the day we have to move people we have to relocate people from those areas because they cannot survive when more figure out where we can take them and it is very hard to deal with this situation because salt sea level rise is is is not only like a local issue it's a global issue right so there are a lot of stuff that needs to be sorted out so what what is the government doing so there are a lot of things i just decided to select this so the government has been has been doing a lot of things to try to tackle the climate change impact in Tanzania and one of it is the development of the climate change strategy so in 2012 the government developed its first climate change strategy and in that strategy they have identified a lot of other issues that they need to be addressed and the way how to address them so we have the climate change strategy strategy in place and also we have the national climate smart agricultural guideline as i said that most of most of our people they just do that agriculture which is not suitable right it's not sustainable slash and burn right they just slash and then they burn and then they shift every year or after a few years they have to move and find another beautiful land so those kinds of agricultural activities or sometimes some of these people they just do their agricultural activities on the heady areas or on the sloping areas without taking all these what we call climate smart agricultural practices so the government decided to prepare like a package like what are the best agricultural practices that are climate smart so we put that in place and we are trying now to educate our farmers how best they can get good yields in a very small piece of farm using these selected CSA practices so it's a very good strategy and there are some of the areas where we have been piloting this and it's very successful we hope if the government will push this and we get more collaboration and funding maybe we might be able to at least help these these farmers instead of doing the business as usual kind of agricultural practices so they can employ this beautiful we call climate smart agriculture and also we have also what we call the agricultural climate resilience plan it's a five years plan plan and it has also several set of priority areas I'll talk later on and we have the red there what we call reduced emission from deforestation and forest degradation land degradation the lead plus pilot project so this is the it's an international effort to try to develop this kind of business incentive it's a business incentive so you ask the farmers to plant trees and then because we know trees have the tendons to squash the carbon from the atmosphere so as they do that they beat the biomass so if we we be able to measure like how much carbon is stored in those trees then they can estimate how much money is worth of and these people can be paid so it's an international kind of incentive mechanism so it was piloted in Tanzania and we have nine pilot areas it is not doing that much well but it's a good intervention and we also have the climate information what we call the the air warming system we have our Tanzania meteorological agency which always gives information they have 10 days information they have 30 days information they have three month information and they have six month information and they have annual so they keep updating our community like what is going to happen in the next few few years or few months or few weeks so this is our priorities so water use efficiency is one of is the first priority we need to make sure that we use our water very efficiently because we know water is a scarce resource right and water is almost everything you can you cannot survive without water right so this is our national priority water and climate smart agriculture as well as our second priority we have land soil and water management climate resilience crop varieties disaster risk management and the risk goes on so these are our priority actions so what are the challenges because I've been talking about the risk the drivers so what are the challenges that are affecting the the air force I mean the stuff that you want to do what are we experiencing what is going wrong what's wrong so they are a lot but these are just some of them so there's an economic issue that the budget allocation for combating climate change is very very small so the government does not put much effort into climate change issues so most of the funds they are directed somewhere else so this is one of the significant challenge that we have we have also political issue most politicians are after power they are less concerned with climate change so they are only more concerned with they're getting votes from people that's their main their main concern so there is not that much political will and you know if you don't have political support is very very hard to break through and we have also institutional challenge most of our institutions are weak because most of them they depend from the government so the their budget is from the from the central government so if the central government has no money or has decided to like shift its priorities then you have an institution but it cannot buy it right so you you don't have the means to reach two people you don't have the means to do your stuff and we have also social issue we have that catch of we are embracing chart bearing so we want more children and yeah and and most people in Tanzania love children so and my president too and he's also encouraging people to have more children because he wants to have many people and he's planning to have like in a he's planning to make Tanzania is an industrialized nation so he wants to have more people to work in these industries so he's encouraging more people to have more babies so we're expecting that the population is going to to increase very very very much in just few years to come and also there's also an education issue like majority of people in Tanzania they might not have the good knowledge especially for climate change issues and some other stuff so it becomes very hard for for them to change their way of doing things yeah so I think that marks the end of my presentation thank you very much for listening so if you have any questions I'm more happy to respond to them yeah so the mic is there yeah so that was a very powerful presentation thank you I wish it were more positive but the two general thoughts occurred to me one is that climate change is really a global issue yes so even if your country were to have significant financial resources to combat climate change you're still going to have these issues of changing weather and things just because it's a global problem what strikes me as a really essential local issue is your deforestation and you mentioned you know the drivers for that the fuel for for cooking and also economic driver for it for the residents to you know just get a significant income from from harvesting also the agriculture contributes it's just a series of issues all sort of pointed in the direction of deforestation the one thing that comes to mind and I tend to think it's relatively impractical but it seems perhaps a long-range direction yeah is is to essentially convert your cooking strategy uh in the united states now we're we're pushing or at least uh shouldn't say the united states I shouldn't say anything about our federal government but one of the key strategies is to is to get away from burning fossil fuels and these are not fossil fuels but burning fuels so uh what what's the direction we're going is is electrification to even cook with electricity uh then then there's the photovoltaics that you know collecting generating electricity from the sun so I I recognize that these are relatively expensive strategies both generating electricity and uh and having the facility to cook with electricity but it seems perhaps in a longer range goal or strategy would be to to change that that cooking method or practice yeah so I I do agree with you 100 percent and as I say it is Tanzania has a very good like uh natural gas resources and we have been having all these international organizations coming into the country doing more exploration and some companies have already started uh digging out and the only problem is that because of our poor uh urban planning especially in the big cities because all these houses in the urban cities are not that much well organized so it is very difficult to have a very good system for to make sure that every house has natural gas supply and even if that could be solved there's another challenge as well because some of these companies they just take this natural gas and they export them so you find out even our contracts are not that much in the benefit of Tanzanians so you find that the majority of the natural gas does not end or being spent in Tanzania they just exported so that's the very bad thing but with the electricity the government has decided to put more hydro electrical dams so we are building now we are almost starting to be a very huge dam so we'll be generating about 21,000 uh kilowatt megawatt of electricity so we hope that will maybe help like uh because we have we don't have reliable electricity supply so that makes electricity being expensive so people cannot afford that's the problem so in order to solve that the government has decided to embark into that very very big project and it's going to spend a lot of money but it is going to try to help address this challenge so we are trying to do that I agree with you on the photovoltaic cells it is also a good approach but the only challenge that most of our communities we had we had one project with this solar cooker international in Tanzania in in in there's one city called Arusha and they tried to have all these photovoltaic cells people to use for cooking this project it didn't do that much as we hoped it would and because most of the one of the challenges that you have to spend a lot of more time using that and most people in the rural communities they don't want that because they have to wake up early in the morning go into the farm come and cook their their lunch just within a very short period of time like 30 minutes the food is ready they eat they go back to the farm but if you use that you have to spend like 80 hours so that's the problem but it's a very good it's a very good approach and we have also been trying to like develop what we call improved stoves so they're kind of stoves that you use less and less charcoal and less and less firewood so these are the kind of the mitigation measures we have been putting in place just to try to slow down the rate of deforestation but if we can supply all the big cities with electricity if we can supply them with natural gas the problem be solved but then that will also affect the rural population I mean the most of the youth in the rural communities because that is the that is one of the key income generating activities they have to go in the forest cut down trees make charcoal set cut down trees firewood set right so we need to give them alternative like income generating activities as well I'll let other people speak but I just one one quick comment the goal from a global perspective especially for developing countries would be to omit the natural gas infrastructure costs and go directly from wood to electricity you know the natural gas would be much better than burning wood but it's still you're still burning fossil fuels so yeah if you're going to have to spend a lot of money to put it natural gas infrastructure it it might be from a global perspective it'd be it'd be more beneficial to go directly to electricity I'll let other people yeah there's just something I don't quite understand to follow with what Jim is saying um you're thinking that photovoltaics means having to cook your food all day long in a little solar cooker but photovoltaics the panels on my house provide feed into an electric system oh that's something different right see if you could get if you could get solar farms or solar on your rooftops or you know large-scale solar that's providing electricity you would not develop this the natural gas you would develop solar instead but that would be easier to get into your individual homes how they're made I get and then you would have a stove that just turns on I get that and that could turn on and cook your lunch quickly I get that I think that is a very beautiful intervention because we have sun like 24-7 all year round so most of our cities most of the areas in Tanzania we have a lot of sun so if we can have that project like most of the houses especially in the big cities have solar panels on their house that would be very nice yeah and that cost here at least is coming down down down very quickly so I I would assume that's a worldwide phenomenon that those solar panels are getting cheaper and cheaper and cheaper to the point where it's undercutting the cost of it's way undercutting coal and I think it's undercutting um natural I don't know it might be undercutting natural gas if you had to do the whole infrastructure of natural gas I think it might be undercutting that as well so that just going straight to solar might be much cheaper for you than going with natural gas at all um I see see I yeah I think I think that could be helpful I've heard about in India yeah they're making uh they're making um very small sort of individual size systems where you have a solar panel collects solar energy makes electricity have a very small battery and then you have the ability to to use a very small amount of electricity could could be for a cell phone could be for cooking but but they're very individual small scale systems that you put on each each residence okay so it's I think it's India that's uh it's implementing that oh that's nice so I I'm not um too familiar with the other parts of your climate do you have a lot of wind yeah there's some of the areas like um we have one area in there there's some of the regions in Tanzania they have they're windy right yeah wind and there was I just to cut you short then there was they did like a feasibility study to see if they can put on those areas the wind turbine they did that feasibility as well and it was very positive so I think the problem was how to find the the funding for that but we do have pretty many areas that they have wind you had the question right yes I was just going to ask you um in this 10 months that you've been here at UC Davis um have you um seen anything especially in terms of um forage um forest management and uh sustainable agriculture have you learned anything or heard anything that you um feel that you're going to take back with you yeah there there are many areas that are visited so you see there is this difference in my country in the US so in the US the land ownership is different from Tanzania so here you find one person may own very big right chunk of land right and he might be able to protect it conserve it right but in Tanzania it's different so you find like a household has maybe 0.5 acre or 1 acre or 2 acre 3 acre 4 acre like maximum right so just very small small pieces of farms and the other the other part most of the other part is is what we call uh it's like public it's public land and what happens is that most of the illegal activities that they they take they happen on those areas so there are some of the protected areas some of the protected where all the human activities are prevented from happening but because of the poor management people just get in and they cut down trees they do whatever they want so what I have noted here is that it is very easy here to manage a very big area but in Tanzania it's very difficult it is very very difficult but I I had one very good example we went down to can't remember the name in the Bay Area there is this organization they're trying to ask farmers right not to sell their land not to sell their properties to investors and what they're doing they're actually compensating them they want to make that land forever yeah for conservation so that's a very good approach you have your land you can make use of that land but you cannot set it to other developers come in and put in like infrastructure and whatever so you dedicate that piece of land for for conservation so it's a very good approach so that I think if we can also do that that will help we need to grow I know that we need to grow we want to grow right we want to be like make it a US maybe in 100 years or something right so we will still need to use some of our resources but we don't need to go through the ways that the US and the UK and the other developed countries they went through damaging the environment we need to balance all this but we need to develop so we will have to pollute in certain ways but we have to be careful yeah that is and also have been working with many US organizations have been working with the UC Davis Aquatic Toxicology Lab have been doing what we call water sampling chemical analysis I mean water analysis and also been doing toxicity testing so which is very important because when I go back home because of this industrialization that is happening now Chinese are coming in the country putting up industries we know that in few years I mean most of our cities most of our waterways will be polluted so we have to have to we have to get prepared to know how to do the measurement how to know like which kinds of pollutants are in our waterways so this is what I have been doing and UC Davis collecting water samples doing the analysis and when I go back home it will be very useful and I have also been learning other stuff like project management and climate smart agriculture as well I have worked with the USDA United States Department of Agriculture we were trying to develop like a training curricula for Tanzania for climate smart agriculture and I was involved in that in that process we actually went back to Tanzania for two weeks to pilot that project so yeah I have learned a lot of stuff and I'm hoping and also I don't have to forget I'm also developing an app so in Tanzania what we don't have we don't have a very good system for reporting environmental misconducts so if someone pollutes the environment information in flow is not that much organized so I came up with this idea and then the UC Davis design lab they say it's a very good thing so we are developing an app so if someone sees someone polluting the environment or cutting down trees polluting the environment or whatever he sends the information to us so we share all this information amongst ourselves and then we can respond to that incident faster than we used to do so I'm working on that app and it almost ready so when I go back home I take that with me and I hope it will improve our conservation I mean initiative or something and I think it might also take me to another level yeah yeah I just wanted to share with you that yeah um I wanted to ask you're in a drought right now yeah and how is it going with um growing food crops are our crops failing for lack of water and then therefore are people hungry or and animals or I mean is in the in the parks is their food for the animals or is there water for the animals the impacts on both the people and the animals yeah so the impact is very very it's very big and as I said most of the areas in Tanzania they didn't receive rainfall at the time that they should receive it right so they prepared their farms but there was no rain some of them even planted expecting that maybe they they be rain right but then there was no rain and most of the rain they went to Mozambique causing floods in Mozambique so we didn't have floods we didn't have rain because our rain went to Mozambique so there'll be a problem and in in may that's that's when it started raining but by then you cannot plant because it's very short period of time and for maize for example you need like three month period for you to harvest but may and June June is summer summer time starts June so you have just one month the rain is not sufficient unless you have like maybe irrigation agriculture something so majority of people in Tanzania won't have sufficient food this year and and now animal too yeah so animals will be suffering and people will also be suffering so we maybe we don't know some of the areas like in the northern I mean the southern highlands of Tanzania they might have sufficient food but there is this problem for distribution because of the infrastructure and stuff you might have more food in one area but how to get those foods from that area to other different parties is also a challenge so many people in Tanzania this year they will be suffering they will be suffering for sure yeah any more questions all right thank you very much yeah thank you very much for this one oh I hope so yeah and also welcome you to Tanzania it's a very beautiful country very nice country please come I have my landlady she's coming to visit my country this coming June so I'm asking you to come as well my neighbor is going oh your neighbor oh that's good so you're welcome Tanzania is one of the peace countries in Africa very very strong and stable not nice so Tanzania is a very beautiful very beautiful place I yeah I think you if you find sometimes please visit and I am always there I'll be always there to welcome you guys and I'll take you whatever you want