 Our group consisted of basically me and Dr. Vidae who couldn't be here today. But we thought that one of the things that we could very well easily do is to, but we have is a combined dental electronic health record and, I'm sorry, combined electronic health record and combined electronic dental record. One of the things that we could do is to work with the pharmacogenetics group in implementing, for example, warfarin pharmacogenetics testing prior to dental procedures, because often we have to let the warfarin levels go down so that before these kinds of procedures to prevent excessive bleeding during dental procedures. So that timing of the warfarin withdrawal prior to dental procedures is quite important and can be predicted genetically, as well as, for example, SIP-2D6 for pain management. So that's one type of thing that we'd like to work with other groups that also have dental clinics. And in addition, we thought in terms of the periodontal disease and microbiome type, we would be pleased to work with others in particular to identify their diabetes patients. What the requirements for this would be diabetes patients and controls that already have genome-wide association studies and dental access. And basically what we'd like to know is if periodontal disease and or the oral microbiome can actually stratify some of those genetic signals and whether or not we could be more predictive for type 2 diabetes susceptibility and outcomes. So how this might work, for example, would be to have non-diabetic patients, pre-diabetics and type 2 diabetics, and then compare them in terms of periodontal disease state for each SNP, for example, and similarly for the oral microbiome. And the potential outcomes from this would be to begin a dental pharmacogenetics study. That's what I talked about first. And then better understanding of risk for type 2 diabetes, onset severity and control, as well as, as I said, drilling down to better understand the genetics of type 2 diabetes and the role of the environment in type 2 diabetes. And this could be expanded to other disorders linked to periodontal disease, for example, coronary artery disease. So because we were so lonely yesterday, I thought that what we would do is to contact those UVU institutions where there are dental schools or dental services and detail this and see if there's any interest in following any of these up. So thank you for your time. Questions or comments? Mark, as usual. Mark, as usual. Right. So I'll go before Mark. So did your group discuss the role of the dentist in genomic medicine, and could you conceive of some projects that might be sort of implementation projects to get dentists to capture saliva, relevant biological samples that might be relevant, both the microbiome type of samples, which I'm not sure how challenging those are to ascertain in a meaningful and standardized way, but also samples that could be used for DNA analysis, at least from my perspective, people, I see my dentist much more frequently than I see my primary care physician, and that's possibly another avenue to implement genomic medicine. Yes. So basically this is part of our project in oral systemic health, and we will be working with our dentist, the Marshfield Clinic dentist, who see the same patients that we see in the clinic. And we're training dental hygienists to be able to take these microbiome samples. Each of these participants in this study will, we will get DNA, I'm sorry, blood for DNA, plasma, and serum. There'll be standard clinical tests, including hemoglobin A1C, fasting glucose, et cetera, lipids. And then we're also, they'll also be seen periodically every six months. So that's kind of the way we're trying to do this. So one advantage that we have is that the Marshfield Clinic is sort of a conglomerate. We have our medical clinics, we have our dental clinics. We also run our own health care plan, security health plan, and we have our own electronic health records and electronic dental records, and those are combined. And since the dentists also work for us, we can work with them and try to combine this to have pharmacogenetics for dentistry. They might be, actually it might be easier to work with the dentist in some way than the general practitioners, so. Just parenthetically, I thought it was interesting you used the term drill down in your dental. But if we set that aside for a second. You know, one of the things we've talked about peripherally has been how do we engage and get the attention of decision makers to say, hey, this is really important. And I really like the idea of the pharmacogenomics for warfarin withdrawal for dental procedures. I can tell you that anecdotally at our place, we hear a lot about canceled surgical procedures based on the fact that the patient's INR is not within an acceptable range for surgery. And again, we presume it as you have presumed that some of that is due to the different pharmacogenomic variants. That's something canceled surgeries are, you know, that's a resource waste for that organization. And if we could do something to actually move the needle using the dental procedures as a pilot and then expanding it to all surgical procedures for patients on warfarin and show that we can actually decrease the number of canceled surgeries as a primary outcome, that would be something that would really get the attention of administrators and say, hey, maybe there's something to this. So I think that's a really good project. Speaking as someone who's not yet a geisinger who has a dental clinic, apparently, who knew, I think we'd be interested in exploring that. Excellent. Yeah. Thanks. One is coming back to some of the comments made yesterday. The endpoints that really drive this in practice are goofy little things like that. And so I think that's really important. We've done a little bit of work with people in planting devices for cardiac disease who have the exact same problem. And that's except they think they know how to manage warfarin. At least the dentist freely admit they don't have a clue how to manage warfarin. But it's the same issue. You think there's a three-day protocol. They do the three days. They're not ready. They can't cancel, et cetera. Right. I think there's something there. The other piece is that there are a decent-sized group of boutique dentistry groups out there who are doing pharmacogenetics already. And we've consulted for them a little bit. Others have probably in this room as well. And they've decided that for the pain control, not so much for warfarin, more for pain control, that their patients are special and they want to know about this ahead of time. And their patients are willing to pay for it. And so they're doing it. And so there's a company's name. Algenomics, I think, is the company that has a whole suite of different tests that they're developing around dental pain and around dental syndromes. So there are some early adopters already out there in this space. But I like your idea of going to the more generalist dentist and trying to do something exciting. And also we're planning. We also are training some of these dentists. We have a whole residency program. And eventually we hope to have a dental school. So this could all be part of their training and practice. Okay. Thank you very much. I think what we'll do is since now is the time for break, we'll take a 15-minute break now and then resume with Jeff.