 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Iyer's Academy, the list of topics chosen for today's discussion along with the page numbers is given here for your reference. Let us take up this lead article from today's editorial page. This article talks about the use and misuse of Article 356 of Indian Constitution. So this article was written in the wake of an order by AP High Court and subsequently the order was stayed by Supreme Court. So simply know that AP High Court has asked the state government that is AP government to respond on whether there is a situation of constitutional breakdown in the state. So generally such kind of situation is dealt under the emergency provisions of Article 356. So author calls it as use or misuse of article by judiciary. Generally we have heard about central government misuse in the Article 356. So in this news article the author who is also the Vice Chancellor of Nalsar University Hyderabad explains what is Article 356 and what are the issues surrounding the same. Before going further the relevant syllabus is given here for your reference. Firstly what is Article 356? See this article provides for provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in the states. Simply put it deals with state emergency which is also popularly known as President's Rule or Constitutional Emergency. But very importantly note that Constitution does not use the word emergency for this situation. Next note that this emergency is proclaimed by the President. If he or she is satisfied that there is a situation in which government of state cannot be carried in accordance with the provisions of Constitution. Which means when there is a situation where state government is not following the Constitution then this kind of emergency can be enforced in the state. So only the President is empowered to proclaim this emergency and not the judiciary. But in Andhra's case High Court has overstepped this power of President. This is why other termed it as misuse of this article by judiciary. So when President can proclaim state emergency that is under Article 356 there are two occasions. First one is if the President receives a report from the governor of a state. So if governor sends a report that there is a breakdown of Constitution in the state then President can proclaim the emergency. Or the second case due to any other reason including even without the governor's report this kind of emergency can be proclaimed by the President. This is because in Article 356 the word otherwise is used. So either on the receipt of governor's report or otherwise. So now actually what happens if this emergency is proclaimed. First President acquires extraordinary powers in case of President rule or state emergency or breakdown of constitutional machinery. All are one and same which is nothing but Article 356. First as per this article President can take up the functions of state government and also the powers vested in the governor or any other executive authority in the state. Second President can declare that the powers of state legislature are to be exercised by parliament. Third President can take all other necessary steps including the suspension of constitutional provisions relating to any body or authority in the state. So in the first case President gets the powers of executive. Second case President can give the powers of state assembly to the parliament. And third case he can get every power possible in the state. In short when President rule is imposed President dismisses the ruling government that is CM and Council of Ministers. On behalf of President governor of the state carries the state administration with the help of Chief Secretary. Next President can either suspend or dissolve the state legislative assembly. So previously we said that he can remove the ruling government. Now he can even suspend or dissolve the state legislative assembly. Suspend means they are elected people but they are not having the powers. When we say dissolve or dissolution it means they are not even MLAs. They have to face a new election. So due to enormous powers under this article central government is notoriously known for dismissing democratically elected state governments. So this article has been used in arbitrary manner for political personal reasons etc. In the last 70 years of independence more than 100 times this article was used. And very importantly former Prime Minister Ms. Indira Gandhi used this article 27 times and in most cases the majority governments in the state were removed on the grounds of political instability, absence of clear mandate, withdrawal of support etc. And even further immediately after the emergency the new government came that is Janatha government in 1977 which removed 9 majority congress governments in one stroke in the congress ruling states. And again in 1980 Ms. Gandhi came back to power. So she again removed 9 opposition majority governments. This happens like whenever government changes at the center automatically the state governments will be dismissed. This should not be correct right? Because in federal polity central government is different, state government is different. Both are superior in their own spheres. And if you come back to the article 356 the contentious provision is the term otherwise. Because it means anything and it gives unlimited powers to center. For example in today's article the author even jokingly says that it could be even a presidential dream to impose president rule in the state. So many favored the deletion of the term otherwise as it negates the ideals of federalism and constitutionalism. So because of all these reasons article 356 has been one of the most controversial and most criticized provisions of the constitution. So even if you see the background of this provision it was borrowed from government of India act of 1935. And very interestingly when this provision was brought by British all the Indian leaders then opposed this provision. So British government didn't even bring this provision into force. But surprisingly the same opposed provision was incorporated into our constitution made by our own leaders in the name of democracy, federalism and stability. But during the debates of constitution Ambedkar even replied that this article will be like a dead letter which means no one will use. But in fact it became a deadly weapon in the hands of central government. So this article is actually harming the federal nature of our constitution. The same was also felt by Supreme court in SR Bombay case of 1994. In that case Supreme court made several important propositions and laid down guidelines on how to use this article. One of the most important propositions include subjecting the presidential proclamation of president rule to judicial review. The verdict also said that the power of president to dismiss a state government is not absolute. President can exercise this power only after his proclamation is approved by both houses of parliament. According to article whenever president makes such a proclamation the proclamation shall be kept before houses of parliament. That is both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. And the houses have to approve the proclamation within two months. So if the proclamation is not approved by parliament the president rule will be revoked. In this context Supreme court said that president can exercise his power only after his proclamation is approved by both the houses of parliament. Till then president can only suspend the assembly and he cannot dissolve the assembly. And if in case parliament rejects the proclamation the government which was removed in the state will come back to the power. So this case has put an end to arbitrary dismissal of state governments by the central government. So since then we are expecting at least a better stable state governments in the country. Additionally Supreme court also enlisted the situations where the exercise of power under article 356 could be proper or improper. Based on 1998 report of Sarkarya commission. So Supreme court after going to the commission report said that when article 356 can be properly used. Not just Sarkarya commission there are many other commissions on central state relations which have talked about article 356. For example if you see Rajmanar committee it says that article 356 should be completely omitted. And even the West Bengal memorandum says that this article should be repealed. But remember that these two committees are set up by state governments. But the Sarkarya commission, Punchi commission which were set up by government of India says that article 356 should be used sparingly and only in last resort. Similar to that the Punchi commission says that this article's usage should be limited strictly to rectify the failure of constitutional missionary. The commission also says that the central government can impose local emergencies. So instead of emergency for entire state the area where the problem is there only emergency can be enforced. And even the national commission to review the working of constitution even it says that this article should not be deleted but should be used sparingly. So therefore we can understand that this article is a deadly weapon but it should be used only in the last resort to protect the constitution. Dear aspirants have a brief idea on all these committees. Whenever you are talking about federalism in any mains answer ensure that you are talking about any one of these commissions because all these commissions have talked in depth about the federal provisions of India. So in the conclusion author says that the word otherwise should be deleted and also calls for the central government to use the provision only sparingly and to never remove a majority government using this provision. So this is all about the discussion of this news article. We had a very comprehensive view on article 356. What are the issues? What Supreme Court said in Bombay case? Or what is the way forward with respect to president rule in India? Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up this comment column from today's editorial page along with ground zero. So these two news articles are with reference to Labour unrest caused in a Taiwanese company that is Vistron in the in Karnataka. So recently we have covered extensively on this issue in our 21st Hindu news analysis. So in today's discussion we'll have a brief on what happened and what were the issues which led to protests. The relevant syllabus is given here for your reference. See a few days back, thousands of contract workers at the Vistron company in Karnataka have attacked the property, destroyed the factories, laptops, iPhones, et cetera, because of the reasons like non-payment or partial payment of wages, floating of labour laws, non-issues of wage contract, et cetera. So because of these issues, the workers attacked the company and caused damages worth around 50 crores of rupees. Yes, iPhones were destroyed. So in this context, author firstly says that according to inquiry report of state government, the violence occurred because Vistron had violated many provisions of labour laws, including contract labour act, minimum wages act, equal remuneration act, et cetera. Secondly, Karnataka government promulgated an ordinance in this July diluting many labour laws. For example, the ordinance effectively diluted the standard eight-hour working day with a 12-hour with overtime payments. So this was another major reason for the outbreak of protest. Thirdly, India's labour laws, we are having around 47 central laws and 200 state laws, but these are applicable only to organized sector and exclude an organized sector. But remember that a majority of India's workforce work in the unorganized sector. So because of all these issues, the concerns of contract workers were not resolved by the company. As a result, they have attacked the company and caused many damages to the company. Subsequently, more than 100 people were arrested by the state government. So broadly put, there were issues regarding the labour laws in our country. But if you remember, the central government has tried to consolidate these laws by bringing out four new labour courts, codon wages, codon social security, et cetera. We have discussed about these courts multiple times in our Hindu news analysis. But in this regard, the author says that the new labour courts have currently failed to arrest the problems faced by labour force of the nation. This is because there is a lack of agreement among the stakeholders on the complexity of legal frame in our country. So simply put again, the labour courts or the labour laws or the labour legal frame in our country is one of the main reasons for the labour unrest. Further, the author says that these reforms, the labour courts go against many of the international labour organization conventions. See, out of eight conventions on labour, India has signed and ratified six conventions and two other conventions are yet to be ratified. So author is saying that India's reforms are going contrary to the ILO conventions. In this May, the UP government has diluted or suspended the labour laws for next three years. Immediately, the ILO sharply reprimanded or criticized this move of UP government. So similar to UP, many states, Rajasthan, Karnataka had tried to dilute the labour laws mainly during COVID period. But if you see the government's reaction was completely unapologetic, trying to control the damage the incident has caused because the government is having a high profile global campaign to attract foreign direct investment under the PLI scheme, that is production-linked incentive scheme. So the government is giving incentives to the companies which are producing the electronics in our country. So now government is trying to control the damage to the scheme because of the incident happened in Karnataka. Because the scheme is one of the main reforms announced in Atma-Nerbar Bharat idea. So this was the case completely regarding the Vistron Company. Now the question is why the governments are coming out with major labour reforms? If you see in the last six months, that is during COVID period, the central and state governments have abruptly brought out many reforms through ordinances or amendments to relax the existing labour laws of the country. This is mainly because to attract the foreign capital who are shifting out of China due to ongoing geopolitical tensions. And according to Arthur, all these changes which were brought in to attract the foreign direct investment are effectively diluting the foundations of India's national labour laws. So though it looks good for the country on one side to get more foreign direct investment who are shifting out of China, but if you see other side, that is the labour perspective, the government is not moving in the right direction. Because Indian government is just trying to copy China's labour law provisions like long working hours, flexible use of labour, et cetera. So inspired from China, India is diluting the labour laws. But here Arthur compasses how India's work culture differs from Chinese work culture. For example, China has many labour-friendly provisions like providing dormitory accommodation to employees near the factories and also providing social security benefits like insurance, et cetera. So because of this factory provided dormitory accommodation, Chinese industries are slump free, unlike in India. Further, China's local governments compete with each other to offer excellent physical infrastructure. The local governments there in China also ensure adequate credit to industrial enterprises. On the local government's unparty officials, actors, midwives or helpers in industrial promotion because the rewards for Chinese bureaucracy comes only with local economic performance. See unlike in India, in China there is one party rule that is CCP, China's Communist Party. So based on the economic performance of local governments, the leaders in the local governments will get the promotion or rewards to be a part of national government. So because of this reward thing or positive motivation, the local governments try very hard or compete with other local governments in China to provide better amenities to the industrial promotion. So this is completely different from the system which we see in our country. So author tells that even though India can learn a lot from China's industrial success, India's efforts at cherry picking that is picking only legal reforms of labour without making labour-friendly reforms will have very negative consequences for industries in India. So author concludes that abruptly bringing legislations and ordinances without ensuring the safety of labour, without ensuring the benefits to labour, India cannot achieve its dream of self-reliance. Instead, it creates only serious problems like happened in Vistron plant of Karnataka. So the way forward here is the labour laws should not be against the labour. The basic amenities, the basic needs of labour should be respected only then India can achieve self-reliance in manufacturing or production. So this is all about the discussion of these news articles. We had a very comprehensive view on what is the current state of labour laws in our country. The labour laws are not favouring all the stakeholders of the industry which needs to be corrected as soon as possible. Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up this news article from yesterday's newspaper. Yes, we are trying to cover important news articles from yesterday as we couldn't do Hindi news analysis yesterday. See the Britain signed the tariff free trade accord in goods with the European Union. So this is to complete the Brexit process. So in this context, let us now analyse what is Brexit and what were the reasons for the Brexit? See, Brexit means British officially leaving the European Union. So by this 31st December, the UK will completely leave the European Union. So in 2016, in a referendum, British people voted to leave the European Union. Since then, there was a transition period which is going to end by this year. So in the meanwhile, both the sides, that is European Union and Britain, try to have a deal so that both sides will be benefited. And after very long deliberations, finally a week before Britain is going to exit the European Union, the deal is finalised. Before we discuss the important provisions of the deal, we will try to see what triggered the exit of Britain from the European Union. The first reason is obviously immigrants. This is the major reason why Britain wanted to leave the European Union. See with the rising Syrian crisis, immigrants from Syria have started entering the European Union and Britain. Because of EU policy of non-reformant, they have to allow the immigrants. So Britain did not like this as the immigrants are now threatening the security of Britain and also filling up the local jobs. Further, the fear of Turkey joining the Union also fastened the process of Britain leaving the European Union. So now Turkey also wants to join the European Union. So British is not happy with that and as a result, it left the European Union. Next, we see that there was general antipathy or antagonism towards European Union headquarters in Brussels of Belgium. See, in the headquarters of the European Union, there was consistently red-tapism. As a result, the entire policy or entire developmental strategies of the European Union are delayed. So this is also considered as one of the reasons for Britain leaving the European Union. And as I said before, in the referendum of 2016, the British people chose to leave the European Union and subsequently, by this 31st, British will be completely leaving the European Union. So it was estimated that the loss to Britain because of Brexit will be around 6% in the next 15 years. But due to this last-minute deal, which was signed recently, the losses were reduced to 4%. Additionally, the deal is also a zero-duty trade deal. So it is very good for the European Union because 75% of foot road eggs of Britain are imported from EU. So this zero-trade deal is going to benefit the EU traders. Further, the deal also finalizes restrictions on non-UK citizens' movement in Britain. So unlike before, non-UK people, that is EU people, cannot freely enter or leave Britain. So this is also one of the contentious provisions because the people of EU are coming to Britain for better opportunities and better jobs. So the British people are losing the jobs for European Union people. Now with the restrictions offered in the deal, the British people are much happy about it. Another significant aspect of this deal is, UK will continue to have tariff-free access to European Union market. So British manufacturers can export their goods into European Union without any tariffs. The much contentious provision is regarding European Union fishermen access to British seas. Actually, Britain is not interested in providing its seas access to European Union fishermen. On the other side, European Union wanted the access of British seas for fishing grounds. But now a consensus has been reached on this issue in the deal. The deal says that there will be a five and a half year transition period that guarantees continued access of British seas for fishing for the affected EU states. So given the deal has gone well so far, major challenges would now be keeping border checks and minimizing the red tape as much as possible so that the supply chains will not be disrupted. See, if supply chains are disrupted at one point of the world, the entire trade of the world will be affected. Further, the arrangement or the deal also put an end to fear about the potential economic threat of Singapore on Thames growth model. Actually, UK is trying to pursue Singapore on Thames growth model to further its economic development. So what is the Singapore on Thames growth model? See, the Singapore on Thames is a term for Britain becoming a low tax, lightly regulated economy that can outcompete the over-regulated Eurozone. So simply put, British is trying to replicate the model of Singapore by having a low tax and lightly regulated economy. That is why we call it as Singapore on Thames. Thames is the river in Britain. So Singapore on Thames. So it was initially expected that this model of British will heavily affect the economic interests of EU because British will be offering better alternatives to the companies in the EU. Because of low taxes and less regulations, companies feel it convenient to set up industries in Britain compared to EU. So this was contentious provision again between EU and Britain. But this model of UK will no longer affect EU because of trade deal that was signed. Because of zero duties between both the European Union and Britain, this model of British may not affect the industries in European Union. So this is all about the important provisions of Brexit and the Brexit deal which was recently finalized. So with the deal being signed, the Britain will be leaving European Union by this month, thereby putting an end to 47 years of association of Britain with EU. So one side where different countries are coming together to form a union, British leaving the union is quite surprising because on one side we are having TPP in Pacific Ocean side and coming to Indian Ocean side we are having RCEP. So different countries are coming closer to set up a trade bloc. So British is going in opposite direction compared to other countries in terms of forming trade blocs. Let us move on to next news article discussion. See this question. This question is framed based on this news article which says that the orbiter of Chandrayaan 2 carried eight experiments which were aimed to address many open questions related to lunar science. You might be thinking that Chandrayaan 2 is failure, so how come it is conducting experiments? See Chandrayaan has three components, orbiter which orbits around the moon, lander which lands into the moon, rover a body which moves on the moon. So the launch of orbiter was successful while lander was crash landed as a result lander and rover were failed. So orbiter is working. So the experiments were found to be functioning well and has produced expected data. So coming back to the question, here the three missions are given and their launch vehicles are also given. We are supposed to identify which pairs are incorrect. See Chandrayaan 2 was launched using GSLV Mach 3, not PSLV. See PSLV is mostly used for lighter satellites and short distance satellites. So first pair is incorrect. So you can eliminate options A and D. So thereby you can conclude that option three that is Mongolian is also incorrect because it is present in both the options Yes, Mongolian was also sent using GSLV only, not RLVTD. See this RLVTD is reusable launch vehicle which is under experimental stage in ISRO. So RLVTD is not even developed properly. So how can it be used to launch Mongolian? So coming to second one, Gaganian. Gaganian is yet to be launched. It will be launched in the coming years where for the first time India is going to send astronauts into the space. So Gaganian will be launched using GSLV only. So second pair is correctly matched. Therefore, two should not be in the options. So from B and C the correct answer is option B, one and three only. Talking about Gaganian, it is the first manned mission which will be launched in the coming year. Mongolian is India's first mission into interplanetary space and also India is the only country to launch a successful satellite into Mars in its first attempt. Yes, there is a movie on Mongolian and there is also something called Samudaryan. So under the Samudaryan mission it is envisaged to send three aquanauts to ocean depths by using a submersible vehicle in the next few years. Similar to how we are sending astronauts to space we are also planning to send aquanauts into deep oceans. So if India accomplishes both Gaganian and Samudaryan India will join Select Club of Nations to conquer both space and deep oceans. So just have a brief idea on all these missions to answer the problems questions. Let us move on to next news article discussion. See these two questions. One is based on COVID and other is based on EVIN. So these two questions are framed based on this news article which says that government is going to conduct dry run for COVID vaccine in the coming week. So what is dry run? So dry run means like a piloting program wherein the vaccine will be tested in the four Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat and Punjab based on their geographical locations of northeast, western, south. So this dry run would include activities like data entry into COVID platform. For example, it includes vaccine received, allocation, deployment of team members, mock drills, et cetera. This would also include testing for cold storage and transportation arrangements for the vaccine and management of crowds with proper physical distancing. An important focus of the dry run will be on management of any possible adverse events following immunization. Simply put, dry run includes all the activities from maintaining vaccines to injecting vaccine and even monitoring the effects immediately after vaccination. So that is called dry run. And as we said in this context, all the data will be entered into COVID platform. So what is COVID? See COVID is a digital platform to effectively roll out and scale up the mechanism for COVID vaccine distribution system. If you remember, there's something called EVIN which is Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network. Similar to that, another platform called COVID-19 Vaccine Intelligence Network called COVID has been developed by ministries of health and family welfare along with electronics and information technology. Now let us go back to the question. The question says, consider the following statements regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Intelligence Network. Two statements are given here. Statement one, it is a digital platform to effectively roll out and scale up the mechanism for COVID vaccine distribution system. Statement one is correct. Statement two, it is an initiative of the Gavi Vaccine Alliance and WHO. Statement two is incorrect because COVID is an Indian platform developed by ministries of health and electronics and information technology. So statement one is correct. Statement two is incorrect. Therefore, correct answer is option A, one only. Here is one more question which is based on EVIN that is Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network. Statement one, EVIN aims to provide real-time information on vaccine stocks and flows and store a temperature across all cold chain points in the country. Yes, statement one is correct. So EVIN provides the availability of vaccines and even the storage temperatures across all cold chain points where vaccines are being stored. So an online platform to manage the inventory of vaccines. Statement two, it was developed by ministry of health and family welfare and is being implemented under national health mission. Yes, statement two is also correct. Therefore, correct answer is option C, both one and two. See this question. This question is framed based on this news article which appeared in yesterday's paper. The article is titled, KGD Wall is in contempt of Rajya Sabha. So what happened was, Delhi Chief Minister KGD Wall has commented that Rajya Sabha has passed form bills without even voting. So generally the bills won't be passed without voting, right? So for this reason, a Rajya Sabha MP has moved a motion of privilege against Delhi Chief Minister Arvind KGD Wall. If you see this question, this motion is moved by a member when he feels that a minister has committed a breach of privilege of house or more of its members by withholding facts of a case or by giving wrong or distorted facts with a purpose to censure the concerned minister. Which of the following motions is being described above? As you all know, the correct answer is option C, privilege motion. This is because the privileges of house or the members of house have been violated by the concerned person. So a motion of privilege will be directed towards that person to censure that minister. And the first option is calling attention motion. It is introduced in the parliament by a member to call the attention to a matter of urgent public importance. And the second option is censure motion. It is moved for censuring the council of ministers for specific policies and actions. It can be moved against an individual minister or a group of ministers or entire council of ministers. And fourth option is adjournment motion. It is introduced in the parliament to draw attention of the house to a definite matter of urgent public importance and needs the support of 50 members to be admitted. So it interrupts the normal business of the house, so it is regarded as extraordinary device. Very importantly note that adjournment motion is only available to Lok Sabha and not Rajya Sabha. So the correct answer is option C. Before going further, you might get it out. Generally whatever an MLA or MP says in the parliament or assembly, it is protected. It means that persons cannot be held liable for whatever they said in the houses. But the news article also says that during the conference of speakers and presiding officers which was conducted in 1955, according to it a motion of breach of privilege can be moved against another house. So in this case it is possible to direct a privileged motion on Arvind Kejriwal. See this question. This question is on OPEC and is framed based on this news article. So let us have a brief understanding on what this news article has to say. According to this news article, Russia is extending its support for an increase in oil production by the group known as OPEC Plus. So this OPEC Plus group has planned for increasing the production of oil by another 5 lakh barrels per day from February 2021. So before answering the question, let us have a brief understanding on what is OPEC and what is OPEC Plus. See OPEC stands for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. So it is a permanent intergovernmental organization of 14 oil exporting nations and it was created in 1960 at the Baghdad conference by five countries which are major oil producing countries, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. And in the later period, these countries from Africa, West Asia joined the group. Importantly know that Qatar was also a member of OPEC, but in the last year that is 2019, Qatar left the grouping. So the main mission of this group is to act in a coordinated manner to ensure that there will be efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum. So this body is headquartered in Vienna of Austria and coming to extended grouping called OPEC Plus. See it is a group of 24 oil producing nations. So 14 from OPEC and 10 are non-OPEC members including Russia. So it means all oil producing countries are not part of OPEC. So a new group called OPEC Plus was formed in 2017 which include both OPEC and non-OPEC members. So actually what happened was in the recent years the price of oil barrel fell down significantly. We have even seen news that the price of oil barrel even went into negative. So this group came into existence to coordinate oil production among the countries in a bid to stabilize prices of oil. So it means if there is too much of supplying these countries will decide and cut short the supply. So when supply is cut short the prices will remain stable. So when production is very less these countries will decide and increase the production of oil so that they will maintain a minimum amount for oil so that their economic interest will not be affected. Now we'll come back to the question with reference to OPEC consider the following statements. Statement one it is a permanent intergovernmental organization which aims to coordinate and unify petroleum policies among member countries. The statement is correct. Statement two Russia was the latest nation to join this grouping in 2019. This statement might look correct but it is not correct. Why because we are talking about OPEC not OPEC Plus. So Russia did not join OPEC. So statement two is incorrect. Statement three OPEC was recently renamed as OPEC Plus with an aim to revamp it with more membership from across the world. This statement is also incorrect because OPEC was not renamed as OPEC Plus. A new group was formed called OPEC Plus which includes both OPEC and non-OPEC members. So statements two and three are incorrect. So correct answer is option A one only. See this question. This question is framed based on this news article. The news article says that India had signed a deal with Russia for KIA 2260 helicopters in 2015. But even after five years the deal has not been completed. So what's the problem with procuring these helicopters? The problem is indigenization. So what happened was the Ministry of Defense has issued a request for proposal to India Russia Helicopters Limited. See this India Russia Helicopters Limited is a joint venture of India and Russia. So according to that RFP there should be around 70% localization that is 70% indigenous content. But in the courts given by India Russia Helicopters Limited localization is only 62.4%. Because of this reason deal has not been progressed. So the problem is with the amount of indigenous content in these helicopters. So in this context army is of opinion that even indigenous platforms like advanced light helicopter light combat aircraft have significant import content. For example in advanced light helicopters there is around 46% of import content. In LCA it is 40%. In Sukhoi 30 it is around 40%. So meeting out 70% of indigenous content is very difficult that is what army is seeing. So now the deal has been stuck over this indigenization content. So let us hope that the deal will be finalized soon and Indian army will be strengthened with new helicopters as most of the Cheetah and Cheetah helicopters are 30 to 50 years old. So let us get back to this question which says the words Chinook, KIA 22060, Apache are related to which of the following Option A engines, B artillery Option C missiles, Option D helicopters. The answer is Option D helicopters. Chinook and Apache are imported from USA while KIA 22060 is from Russia. We have arrived at the last part of today's video that is practice questions discussion session. See these are two previous year questions on article 356. You can answer these questions based on our discussion today. Try to post your answers in the comment section. If you are unable to find answers don't worry we will give them in the PDFs. The link for the PDF is given in the description also in the comment section. See this main question under what circumstances proclamation under article 356 is made by the president of India. What consequences follow when such a declaration remains in force? See one more main question. The government efforts to make India self-reliant through a series of initiatives have failed to accommodate the welfare of labor force of the country. Examine, write the answer in 250 words and post your answers in the comment section. With this we conclude today's news analysis. If you find this session resourceful click on the like button, show your appreciation in the comment section and don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel.