 Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem and As-Salaamu Alaykum ladies and gentlemen, Sayyidus and Heather is back with corporate governance and we are looking at different case studies and exercises and seeing how different factors tend to become the very essence of corporate governance and how ethical decision making and challenges of life can, if properly directed, can actually support corporate governance and also enable us to live more conducive and more healthy lives. So another case study and it has a very amazing topic is are humans machines? Now where does this question come in? Because most of the time nowadays the corporate sector is looking at optimization of resource, optimization of profits, optimal utilization of resources, multiplying profits. Now why does that happen? And when we are going in this particular direction, are we looking at human beings as machines, as a machine which can work non-stop without rest, without a break? So all of these things become a very important part and this case study is going to exemplify this particular notion that are humans machines. Now when we look at this, we are going to be looking at a very interesting organization which is being called ABC Inc over here. Muzaffar Shahid is its managing director and he basically is looking at very colorful graphical display which reflects the company performance for the past six months. Now the company was founded by his father, Shai Dali, an electrical engineer and his humble beginnings were from the garage of their home in which Shai Dali would spend sleepless nights working on different products. So it's a very Microsoft, very Apple Inc type of story and we see that this organization had very humble origins. Now as we move forward the family had to go through different tough years and experienced shortages of basic needs. Shai Dali kept on experimenting and then one day he received an invitation to go to Germany and upon arrival back from Germany Shai Dali broke the news of having a first order from a reputed German company. So that was the first major breakthrough for this ABC Inc company. Now the years that followed were a roller coaster ride, good days and bad days emerging into great years of profit, success and accolades. Shai Dali was uncompromising on the corporate values of empathy, commitment, quality, integrity and innovation. And again when we talk about empathy then there's sympathy also, there's apathy and there's antipathy. But cutting it very short it's very important to be empathetic and to be genuinely sympathetic. And we should do away with apathy which is indifference and antipathy is something abhorrent because it is about enjoying the suffering of someone else which we did look at in our previous case study and we were talking about the Zimbardo experiment, the Stanford prison experiment and that is where we see that there was this element of antipathy and also apathy which is indifference. So these different psychological contexts and theories and frameworks and models one way or the other are very visible to observers and are lessons for us to do and not to do and how we can create good corporations. That is extremely important. Now when we're looking at all of this that we see that Spectra ABC Inc expanded to 21 countries and the next generation Muzoffer Ali took over when they were planning to set up a car plant in the city of Multan. Now Muzoffer was basically going through the details of the profits and how the profits were increasing on a quarterly basis and there was also an element that in the past half yearly performance he certainly sees that there's more product rejection and there's a fall of profit despite an increase in product orders. So this was something very confusing for him and therefore he planned to visit one of his plants in Kasur and he met with all of the employees, he talked with them, he had lunch with them and then after a long day of continuous discussions, he asked a simple question are humans machine? So that is something that we're going to look of. Next slide. Now everyone was bewildered that why is he asking such a question? So then he gave another rhetorical inquiry and that is then why are you treating the employees of Spectra as machine? So if they aren't machines then why are they being treated like and that had its own negative consequences. So the observations shared by Shai Dali were that the logic of installing surveillance cameras, why? The cameras created an environment of distrust, he noted that employees were suffocated by continuous monitoring. There was a disconnect between the shop tour employees and the management, more so between the newly hired assistant managers and the lower formations. What were the reasons for the decline of profits in Spectra ABC? Had any of the management looked at it intently? Why was the current management oblivious to the real problems cooking in Spectra ABC and identifying the real problems and issues in Spectra? Elaborating on the role of Shai Dali in identifying the issues in Spectra ABC, what did he do differently? So again, these are questions for you that based upon this case study and you will be provided notes of these case study in more detail, you will be asking these questions on the case study and trying to find out the right answers. And I would actually suggest to you that if two or three of you could get together and you could have a very interesting discussion on all of this. A very important question is can you share a similar example that you are aware of in the corporate or social sector where apathy led to organizational deterioration? Or you could read a very interesting case study which has turned over issues in McDonald's corporation and identify similar points of reference in Spectra ABC. And what type of leadership do you think is being exhibited by Muzaffar Shahid? And another question is that is the leadership style of Shai Dali different? How should Spectra ABC resolve its different issues? What are the changes required in the short term? One year in the mid term, three years and a long term five years. And then what type of ethical problems and challenges do you face as youth leaders? So you could separately enumerate on all of those and try to comprehend the answers based upon your own experiences, based upon your own observation and also try to see that what are the real issues what we call the iceberg effect. That whatever is visible are just the tip of the iceberg and actually the real problems or the real issues are actually below the water and one of them is behavior. So again, what we see is that some of the best companies sometimes are going to a loss. And if we try to bring around the whole picture then some of the worst companies can become some of the best companies of the world. So it's just a matter of how we observe, how we perceive, how we assimilate, how we analyze. And based upon all of that, then how do we apply our mind to create the right solutions and then implement them? Thank you so much.