 First, because we're talking about centering, the parent does need a height, whether you're declaring one, or siblings of the element you're trying to center are creating that height. We can start with the OG of modern CSS centering with a display of flex, a justify content, and align items of center. You could remove those two, and then come in with a margin of auto on the child, and that will also center it. If you want to be one of those cool kids using grid, this margin auto will also work. If you feel like the margin auto isn't obvious enough, you can instead use a place self of center, and that will bring it back to the middle. If you want the parent to have control, we can come up here and do a place items of center over on the parent, and that will center it quickly. If we have multiple children and we want this to work, you can replace that with a place content of center, and it will keep all of those together in the middle. Sometimes you need to have a position of absolute. There are many ways to do this, but the new one that I like the most is doing an inset of 50%. That gets us almost all the way there, but then we can come in with a translate of negative 50%, negative 50%, and that perfectly centers it because yes, translate is its own property now.