 Dear students, in this module, we are going to talk about the population distribution in Pakistan. We will be talking about population distribution based on certain indicators across the geographic regions. So the first one is that population of Pakistan is diversified based on different ethnic groups. So if we want to understand the share of different ethnic groups, it is the Punjabi ethnic group constitutes the 44% of the population. Whereas the Pashtun constitute 15%. Sindhi constitute 14%. Seraiki are 8.38%. Mahajir are roughly about 7.5%. Baloch constitute 3.5%. Whereas the other ethnic groups consist of 6% of the total population. And the total population growth rate of Pakistan is 2.1 out of which the birth rate is 24 live birds per 1000 population, which is considered pretty much higher as compared to the other countries. And similarly, if we talk about the death rate, that rate is 6.92 deaths per 1000 population. Pakistan's death rate has significantly decreased during the past 50 years from almost from 15 deaths per 100 per 1000 population as compared to now, which is 6.9. And if we talk about the net migration, which is the immigration, which keeps in view the immigration as well as emigration, it means that net migration is minus 2.17 per 1000 population. It means that right now, currently we have more people who are emigrating as compared to those who are emigrating. Languages distribution or the population distribution for their languages is as such. 48% of Pakistanis speak Punjabi as their Madhatrang. Sindhi's as of 12%. Seraiki is spoken by 10%. Pashto is spoken by 8%. Urdu by 8%. Baloch by 3%. And Hindko and Brahevi, 2% and 1% respectively. If we talk about the rate of urbanization, we see that we have one of the highest urban populations in the area. It means that 36% of our total population is living in the urban areas. The rate of urbanization is 3.1% annually. In other words, each year almost 3% of our total population migrates from rural areas to urban areas. And population density of major cities is as such. Krachi is the highly dense populated area, which is 24,000 inhabitants per square kilometer. And in comparison to that, Lahore has 6,300 inhabitants per square kilometer whereas Islamabad has 2,089 inhabitants per square kilometer. So if you see that, Krachi is having a largely dense population as compared to the other two major cities of Pakistan.