 Cardiovascular disease, CVD, is the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in developed countries, and atherosclerosis, AS, is the common pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases, CVDs, such as coronary heart disease, CHD. The gut microbiome plays a key role in the development of AS by generating trimethylamine n-oxide, TMAO, which can increase the risk of developing CHD. Several clinical trials have shown that reducing TMAO levels can reduce the risk of MACE in patients with AS. This article was authored by Shin Jae-young, Shin Ye-li, and others.