 Welcome to Spotlight Advanced. I'm Liz Wade. And I'm Bruce Gulland. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand no matter where in the world they live. Two eyes. One nose. Lips surrounding a mouth. These simple parts help make up one of the most important part of people's bodies. The face. You may think your face is just a simple part of your body. But it may be far more important than you think. Do you know what messages your face is sending? Today's Spotlight is on. The human face. You are happy. Smile. Now you feel anger. Frown. Point the corners of your mouth down. Make a crease or line in the skin above your eyes. By moving your face into these positions, people already know how you feel. You do not even have to say a single word. In fact, some experts believe that your face can produce more than 10,000 different expressions. All these expressions are possible because of the muscles in your face. They form a kind of mask over your skull. They are over your forehead, around your eyes, on your nose, through your cheeks, around your mouth, and down your chin. Your face is covered in muscles. To make an expression, you can move a few muscles at the same time. Or you can move only one muscle. Each combination is a different facial expression. The expressions on your face send a message to the person who is looking at you. Without using words, people can understand how you are really feeling. These facial expressions are a form of non-verbal communication. But did you know that your face may also be sending a message even if you do not want it to? The BBC produced a special series of programs about faces called The Human Face. In this program, they followed the story of a married couple in England called Eden and Mandy. Eden and Mandy were having a difficult time in their relationship. They fought often. They thought their marriage was probably over. But they decided to try one more thing. Mandy and Eden flew to the United States to meet with Dr. John Gottman. Dr. Gottman is a psychologist, a scientist who studies people. The BBC's The Human Face program described how Dr. Gottman attached machines to Eden and Mandy. He asked Eden and Mandy to talk to each other. As they talked, Dr. Gottman and his team of scientists observed how Eden and Mandy's bodies changed while they talked. Dr. Gottman found that arguing was hurting Eden and Mandy's relationship. But he also believed there was more. Their facial expressions were making things worse. As they fought, Eden and Mandy began to exchange looks of disgust and contempt. These expressions communicate hate and a lack of respect. Eden and Mandy never said they hated each other, but their facial expressions were communicating the message even without words. This might make you think about your own facial expressions. What are you communicating with your face? Can you see what other people are communicating with their faces? Experts say that facial expressions are not always the same between cultures. For example, people in one culture may use their eyes more to communicate a message. They will notice when the eyes are more open or closed. They will notice the lines around the other person's eyes. Reading a person's face is something we just do. We do not think about it. However, experts say there are at least seven facial expressions that everyone on Earth can recognize. They are universal expressions. These expressions are happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, contempt, and disgust. You can probably easily imagine what each of these expressions look like. You do not need language to communicate these feelings. Your face can communicate them for you, whether you want it to or not. Have you ever been around a baby? If you have, you know that making funny faces will usually make a baby react and maybe even laugh. Babies love to see different faces. When does this ability to recognize different facial expressions appear? Many scientists have studied how babies react to faces. We do know that babies recognize faces very soon after they are born. In 1974, researchers studied babies who were about nine minutes old. They showed the babies a picture of a face, a picture of shapes, or an empty page. When researchers moved the picture, they observed the babies. Researchers found that babies looked at the picture of a face longer than the other pictures. Even a few hours after they are born, babies will recognize their mother's face. They will look at their mother's face longer than they look at another woman's face. After a few days, babies can see the difference between a sad or happy face. They begin to copy the expression on a face. And around five months later, babies can recognize that a sad voice goes with a sad face. Researchers do not know exactly why or how babies develop these abilities so quickly. It may be that this is an important skill for survival. Babies around eight months old begin to change their behavior based on their mother's facial expressions. In one study, researchers looked at one-year-olds. They wanted the babies to walk down a small incline. When the mothers smiled at the babies, the babies walked down the small hill. But when the mothers frowned, the babies did not go down. Our faces communicate a lot of information at every age. We can use our faces to give a message. And we can understand what people are thinking just by seeing their face. Researchers try to understand why we need these skills. Some experts say that people who are good have a better chance at building relationships, getting a job, and working well with others. That is, our faces help us to be a part of a community. They connect us with other people. Have you ever thought about what your face communicates to others? What does your face show? Tell us what you think. You can leave a comment on our website or email us at contact at spotlightenglish.com. You can also find us on Facebook and YouTube. The writer of this program was Liz Wade. The producer was James Totten. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. You can listen to this program again and read it at www.spotlightenglish.com. This program is called What Is Your Face Saying? Visit our website to download our free official app for Android and Apple devices. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.