 We know that it's hard to stay up to date on USIP's latest publications, so we've challenged our teams to summarize their latest research in less than a minute. This is Briefly. Southern Asia is the only region of the world where three nuclear armed states, China, India, and Pakistan, share contested borders. In 2019, India and Pakistan traded airstrikes on each other's territories and in 2020, Indian and Chinese troops fought their bloodiest battles in over 40 years. To consider how Washington should respond to these developments, the US Institute of Peace convened a group of experts. The group's report recommends that US officials should seize even modest opportunities to reduce regional tensions and encourage strategic stability talks, deepen defense cooperation with India to enhance its resilience and territorial defenses, improve capabilities for crisis communication and information sharing with and between China, India, and Pakistan, and conduct gaming exercises and other preparations for US policymakers who will need to manage complex crisis diplomacy in Southern Asia. You can read the full report on our website at usip.org.