 This study found that monetary diet cost was positively associated with diet quality in Japanese women, which differs from the findings in western populations. The study also found that monetary diet cost was positively associated with intakes of healthy dietary components such as fruits, vegetables, fish and shellfish, dietary fiber, and key vitamins and minerals, as well as unhealthy components like saturated fat and sodium. This article was authored by Keiko Shiraki, Kintoro Murakami, Hitomi Okubo, and others.