 Good evening as friends, welcome to the Hindu Daily News Analysis brought to you by Shankar A.S. Academy for the date 23rd of February 2023. These are the articles which we are going to discuss today. Now, let's get into the first article for the day. Take a look at this article. It says that the pro-Gurkalan parties suspended the Tolharband that they had planned in the Dodgling Hills region. They did this on the account of the Class 10 state board examination starting the same day. This is what is given in this article. In this context, let's learn about the Gurkalan movement. Firstly, what is Gurkalan? See, Gurkalan is the name given for a new state demanded by the Gurkhas in the northeastern part of our country. Gurkalan comprises of the districts of Dodgling and Kalimpong. See, both these districts are located in the northern part of the present day with Bengal. Here note that Gurkalan mainly comprises of Nepali-speaking people. To understand the issue completely, we have to first look at the history of this particular region. See, in the year 1780, the Gurkhas captured Sikkim and most part of the present-day northeastern India. Other than this, they also tried to extend their territories in the western part of Himalayas. They captured Nainital, Garhual and Kumawon Hills during this particular time. Here note that this was also the time when British East India Company was extending its territory in India. These powers came into direct conflict in the first Anglo-Gurkha war in the year 1814. In this war, British defeated Gurkhas and signed the Treaty of Sugawli in 1816. This treaty led to Gurkhas surrendering major parts of present-day India to the British East Indian Company. Then in the year 1817, through the Treaty of Titalia, the British reinstated the Chogyals of Sikkim and gave back all the territories they annexed back to the Chogyals. So, who are Chogyals? See, they were the rulers of Sikkim before the 1780s. So, these are the course of events that formed the basis of the cultural and ethnic divide present among the people living in the southern part of Bengal, Gurkha land and Sikkim. Now, coming to the 20th century. In 1907, the first demand for Gurkha land was submitted to the Morley-Minto reforms panel. See, the demand for establishment of a separate state was made on the grounds that the people living in the Dorging and Kalimpong regions of Bengal doesn't have much similarity with the other Bengali-speaking majority of the Bengal state. So, they wanted a separate region. Due to this only, they submitted a demand to Morley-Minto reforms panel. After that, on several occasions, demands were made to the British government. But, that did not yield any major result. After the independence of India in the year 1952, the All India Gurkha League submitted a memorandum to the then Prime Minister Nehru. They demanded separation from the state of Bengal. This also did not yield any major results. I have displayed here the map of the present day Gurkha land. You can see the regions of Siliguri, Dorging and Kalimpong presented in the map. Now, coming to the objective of Gurkha land movement. See, the prime agent of Gurkha land movement is preservation and development of the language, culture and identity of Nepalese minority group in West Bengal. Gurkhas think that once the state of Gurkha land is formed, then the other Indians would not label Gurkhas as foreigners. And therefore, the individuality of Gurkhas as Indians will be safeguarded. So, after a lot of internal violence and negotiations, a Dorging Gurkha Hill Council was formed. It was given autonomy over 19 functional areas, which was transferred to it from the state list. Later, when the Trinamul government came to power, a revamped autonomous entity was set up. It was called as the Gurkha land territorial administration. It had control over 59 departments including health and education. This is all about the Gurkha land region present in the northern part of West Bengal. See, I am going to give you a name of another state demanded by the people of northeastern India. The demanded state's name is Kamatapur. Now, your job is to search for this word in Google and find out what this Kamatapur is about. With this, we have come to the end of this discussion. Through this discussion, we have seen about the region of Gurkha land. Now, with these learned points in mind, let's move on to the next article discussion. Look at this news article. It talks about the withdrawal of French troops from the country of Burkina Faso. See, Burkina Faso is a country located in the Sahel region of Africa. The primary reason behind the withdrawal is the failure of counter-insurgency operations of the French in the Sahel region against the Islamist groups. So, Burkina Faso's military government decided to end the military agreement with France. Therefore, it asked France to withdraw its troops within a month. Now, France has accepted the military government's decision and started to withdraw its troops from the country. This is the overall crux of the news article given here. In this context, let us try to understand the contents of this article in detail. As you all know, Africa is located between the Atlantic Ocean in the West and the Indian Ocean in the East. The northern part of Africa lies just south to the Europe, while the southern part of Africa is encircled by the Antarctic Ocean. This particular region has a wide variety of climate. We are going to only focus on three different climatic regions of Africa in this video. The first region is the Sahara Desert region which is present in the northern part of Africa. The second climatic region is the Sahel region which is present right between the Sahara Desert in the north and the equatorial forests of Central Africa in the south. And the third region is the equatorial forest region of Africa in which the countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria exist. For this discussion today, we are only going to concentrate on the countries of Sahel. See, Sahel is a strip of semi-arid land present south of the Sahara Desert. It includes parts of Chad, Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso and Mauritania. This particular region is famous for its widespread poverty and presence of military governments. Other than this, the region also has huge Islamist radical groups operating inside it. Some of the Islamist radical groups operating in this region are ISIS, Al Qaeda, Ansarul Islam and Boko Haram. Because of the rise of jihadist groups in this particular region, the Mali government faced unprecedented crisis. This is why the Mali interim government submitted a resolution to the UNSC and they requested for French military assistance to deal with the crisis. Because of this, France launched its military operations in the country of Mali. Later, with rise in jihadist activities, the French expanded its operation to the other Sahel countries of Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania and Niger. This is how France got involved into the military affairs of the Sahel countries. Despite the involvement of France, the number of terror attacks in the Sahel countries had steadily increased and so many Malians started joining the insurgent groups themselves. In the past 9 years, the Islamist militant threat also spread rapidly to other countries such as Burkina Faso and Niger. Many locals of the Sahel region felt that France, even though an advanced military power, couldn't do much to solve the terror problem which they were facing. Then came the Russian engagement in the West African region, especially since the year 2020. The Mali junta decided to invite mercenaries from the Russian private military company called Wagner to help in the military fight against these jihadist groups. Here note that this Wagner company only helped Russia to annex Crimea in the year 2014. Now coming back, see France was hanged by this. Because of Russia's involvement in fighting terrorism in the Sahel region, the French government started to withdraw its troops from Mali. Now, as Islamist insurgency kept intensifying, France military presence in Burkina Faso came under scrutiny. By the end of the year 2022, anti-France proctors increased in Burkina Faso. Demonstrators demanded for French withdrawal from the country. This is the reason why now France has to withdraw its troops from Burkina Faso as well. The author says that as the French troops are absent now, the Russian mercenaries would fill the security gap in the Sahel region. And thereby, Russia will now be able to enhance its military engagement in this particular region of Africa. This is all given in this article. Through this article, we came to know about the problems faced by the Sahel region of Africa. We also saw how France failed to curtail the activities of Islamist terrorist groups in this region and how the private military group which belongs to Russia is increasing its operation in the western part of Sahel region. With these learned points in mind, now let's move on to the next article discussion. Take a look at this news article. Two years ago, the discovery of a rare fossil of Dickinsonia was reported from the rock shelters of Bimbetka which is located in the present Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. After the initial report of discovery, a team of researchers from the University of Florida visited the spot to conduct a follow-up study. Now, after two years, the researchers have discovered that the fossil which has been imprinted in the walls of Bimbetka is not that of Dickinsonia but that of a recently decayed beehive. This is the essence of the article given here. In this context, let's learn about the Dickinsonia animal and also a few points regarding Bimbetka rock shelters. Firstly, let's start with Dickinsonia. See, Dickinsonia is said to be an extinct primitive marine animal that lived between 600 to 500 million years ago. The fossils of Dickinsonia was first discovered in the year 1947 in the Flinders range of South Australia. Subsequently, the fossils have also been discovered in Ukraine, Russia and China. It is also said that Dickinsonia lived along a wide range of geographical area which is now divided into Australia, China, Russia and Ukraine. See, Dickinsonia was classified as an animal after the discovery of cholesterol molecules in the fossils. It is also believed to be one of the earliest animals to have existed on Earth. This is all about Dickinsonia. Now, moving on to see about the Bimbetka rock shelters. See, the Bimbetka rock shelters is an archaeological site located near the Vindian hills of Madhya Pradesh. The rock shelters were first discovered in the year 1957 by eminent Indian archaeologist Vishnu Vakankar. See, there are around 800 rock shelters in Bimbetka which span across 10 square kilometers. Among these 800 rock shelters, nearly 500 shelters bear paintings from both the Paleolithic and Mesolithic period. Also know that, Bimbetka caves contain the oldest rock paintings in the world in which some paintings date back to nearly 10,000 years ago. Now, talking about the paintings. See, the themes of paintings found in Bimbetka are of great variety. It ranges from events of daily life in those times to sacred and royal images. The images include that of hunting, dancing, horse and elephant riders, animals fighting, honey collection, decoration of bodies and other household scenes. Owing to its historical significance, the Bimbetka rock shelters have been declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the year 2013. This is all about Bimbetka rock shelters. Through this discussion, we came to know about Dickinsonian animal and also about the Bimbetka rock shelters. With these points in mind, now let's move on to the next article discussion. Now, have a look at this small article displayed here. It says that the enforcement directorate searched the premises of various government department offices in Roypur in connection with the alleged coal leeway scam. This is the crux of the news article given here. Using this opportunity, let us see about enforcement directorate in prelims perspective. See, we have seen about enforcement directorate many a times in our analysis. We have seen about its history, mandate and even its functions. But today, we are not going to see what we have seen earlier. If you want to know the basics of enforcement directorate, watch our Hindu daily news analysis for the date, January 22, 2023 and November 6, 2022. Now, coming to today's discussion. First of all, let us see the differences between local police and enforcement directorate probe. Here, let us assume something. Let us say that a theft has been committed in a nationalized bank. Firstly, the local police station will investigate the crime. If it is learned that the thief of the bank took all the money and kept it in his house, that is, he didn't spend or use the money, then the crime is only theft. Here, enforcement directorate won't interfere. This is because the amount has already been recovered by the police. But if the stolen money is used to purchase some properties, then it means that the ill-gotten money is brought back into the market. Here, it involves laundering of money. Now, enforcement directorate will step in, look into the details of the properties of the thief to recover the laundered money. This particular incident shows that enforcement directorate is mandated with the investigation of economic crimes such as money laundering and violation of foreign exchange laws, etc. Secondly, let us see how enforcement directorate is different from CBI. Here, CBI serves as the apex investigative agency in the country. But the enforcement directorate follows the money trail. Enforcement directorate's mandate is to check money laundering alone. See, if the two organizations work on a single case, then CBI will investigate the criminal aspects and the enforcement directorate will look at the money laundering aspects. This is about the small difference between the operations of Central Bureau of Investigation and the enforcement directorate. Thirdly, know that under Prevention of Money Laundering Act, a statement recorded before an investigation officer is admissible in court as evidence. Here, the investigative officer is enforcement directorate. Because enforcement directorate only investigates the money laundering cases, but normally statements recorded by the police are not admissible in court. Only statements recorded before a magistrate are admissible. But in the case of enforcement directorate, statement recorded before it through its investigative officer is admissible in the court of law. This is about the another difference present between the enforcement directorate and the police in our country. Fourthly, the burden of proof is on the accused. See, in a regular criminal law, it is the prosecutor who provides the evidence. But under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, it is not the ED which needs to provide the necessary proof. Rather, it is the accused. Finally, all offenses under Prevention of Money Laundering Act are made non-bailable. So, the cases which involves Prevention of Money Laundering Act, which gets investigated by enforcement directorate are generally non-bailable in nature. These are all some provisions that makes enforcement directorate so strong and different from CBA and other state police forces. Through this discussion, we have seen about the unique features of enforcement directorate. With all these points in mind, now let's move on to the next article discussion. Take a look at this Opinion Page article which was published on the Hindu day before yesterday. The article speaks about the major problems associated with the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022. Here, know that there was an earlier version to this particular bill called as Personal Data Protection Bill 2021. Due to a huge number of amendments proposed to that bill, the bill was removed and this new bill was introduced in the parliament. Also know that this bill is drafted by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. The bill tries to provide for the processing of digital personal data in some cases. The bill recognizes both the rights of individuals to protect their personal data and the need to process personal data for some lawful purposes. See, a personal data protection law must have to safeguard and balance people's right to privacy and their right to information. This is because both the right to privacy and right to information are fundamental rights which are flowing directly from the text of the constitution itself. But according to the authors, the data protection bill fails to safeguard both these fundamental rights. So, in this discussion, we will try to understand the problems associated with the data protection bill as provided in the article. Before that, the syllabus relevant for this discussion is highlighted here. Interested aspirants can go through it. See, the author discusses four major problems associated with the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022. Now, we will see them one by one. Firstly, the author says that the new data protection bill seeks to dilute the provisions of the Right to Information Act 2005. As we all know, the Right to Information Act has empowered citizens of India to access valuable information from the government. By doing this, the RTI Act makes government more accountable to the citizens. See, if the poor and marginalized people need to obtain the benefits of welfare programs, they should have some access to valuable information from the government side. For example, the National Food Security Act recognizes the need for placing the records of ration shops including the sale and stock registers in the public domain. This enables for the social audits in the public distribution system. Now, what happens when there is absence of this publicly accessible information? See, if there is absence of information about the PDS, then it makes it impossible for intended beneficiaries to access their rightful entitlement of food grains. So, from this, we can see that RTI Act plays an important role in providing food security to the poor and marginalized people. The proposed Digital Personal Data Protection Bill gives the government some additional powers to deny public information. This largely dilutes the objectives of the RTI Act itself. Apart from this, the RTI Act also includes provisions to protect privacy through the Section 8 Class 1 subclass J. This section provides the right to deny personal information. See, in order to invoke this section, at least one of the following three grounds has to be proven. Firstly, the information sought has to have no relationship to any public activity or public interest. Secondly, the information sought would lead to unwarranted invasion of privacy. And finally, when the public information officer is satisfied that there is no public interest that justifies disclosure of the particular information. If any of these three grounds which I have said till now is satisfied, then the public information which is requested by an RTI petitioner can be denied by the public official. Now, coming to Data Protection Bill. See, the proposed bill seeks to amend this particular section of RTI Act. This is to expand the purview of Section 8 Class 1 subclass J and to exempt all personal information from the ambit of the RTI Act. So, the bill by exempting all the public information from the domain of the RTI Act ultimately destroys the core objective of the Act itself. So, the authors want the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill to be suitably amended and harmonized with the provisions on the objective of the RTI Act. This is about the first issue. Now, coming to the second issue. See, the Data Protection Bill empowers the government executive to draft rules on a certain range of issues. By doing this, the proposed bill gives wide discretionary powers to the central government. Here, the discretionary powers may end up with chaos and intend it may fail to safeguard the right to privacy of the people. This is about the second issue. Now, coming to the third one. The Data Protection Bill states that the government is the biggest data repository. This means that the government is responsible for storing and maintaining the collected data. So, to protect the collected data and to act on violations by the government entities, we need an oversight body with independent powers. The Data Protection Bill provides for the creation of a Data Protection Board which is solely responsible for the enforcement of the provisions of the Data Protection Law. But the problem here is that the bill does not ensure autonomy to the Data Protection Board. See, the Data Protection Bill empowers the central government to determine the strength and composition of the board and the process of selection and removal of its chairman. Further, the bill states that the chief executive who is responsible for managing the board is to be appointed by the government. All these factors combined together give direct control to the government over the institution. So, the creation of a totally government-controlled Data Protection Board is bound to raise serious issues and at times it will provide for misuse by the executive. This is about the third issue. Now, coming to the fourth and final issue. See, the Data Protection Bill stipulates that the Data Protection Board shall be digital by design. This means that the receipt and disposal of complaints by the Data Protection Board shall be done digitally only. As per the latest National Family Health Survey, only 33% of women in India have ever used the Internet. Therefore, the Data Protection Bill effectively fails to accommodate millions of people who does not have meaningful access to the Internet. This is about the fourth issue. This is all about the problems associated with the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022. To conclude, the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022 must be put through a process of rigorous pre-legislative consultation and the bill should be redrafted before it makes to the parliament. This is what is discussed in this Opinion Page article. Through this discussion, we have seen about the four major problems associated with the newly introduced Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022. With all these learned points in mind, now let's move on to the next article discussion. Now, have a look at this news article. It reports that Dr. Kanak Raleigh, a classical dance legend and a Mohini Autumn exponent, passed away on Monday in Mumbai. The content of this article is not per se relevant for the UPS examination, but we will use this opportunity to learn about Mohini Autumn in prelims perspective. See, Mohini Autumn is a semi-classical dance which originated from the state of Kerala. See, the dance is performed only by women in honor of the Hindu god Vishnu, who is incarnated as Mohini. See, Mohini Autumn projects the essence of feminine grace, that is, last year through delicate food steps and body movements. The performances are notable for their Sringara, that is, erotic depictions of divine love. Traditionally, the dance was performed solo, but in the 21st century, it may also be performed in groups. As I already said, it has been previously performed only by women, but nowadays men also take part in the dance. On the other hand, Kathakali, which is another dance form of Kerala, is confined only to men. Like the present condition of Mohini Autumn, Kathakali also, in modern times, is performed by women. Talking about the costumes used in Mohini Autumn. See, the dancer usually wears a white or cream-plained saree. The saree then is adorned with gold brocade beaved in its fringes. The artist also wears huge gold jewellery on our neck, arms, hands, ears, etc. The most characteristic element of the Mohini Autumn is the circular or spiral movement of all the limbs of the body. It is that which gives a swaying effect to the dance, making it resemble the movement of a pendulum. So, it is called as Andokila. Then, the hand gestures are mainly adopted from Hastalakshana Deepika. See, this is a text which is followed by the artist of Kathakali as well. The song to which the performers of Mohini Autumn perform is in the language of Manipravala. See, Manipravala is a mix of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. These are all some of the important features of Mohini Autumn. With this, we have come to the end of this discussion. Through this short discussion, we saw a few prelims-pointers regarding Mohini Autumn. With these learned points in mind, now let's move on to the next article discussion. Let's take this editorial article for our next discussion. This article primarily deals with the conservation of biodiversity. We all know that conserving biodiversity is essential to retaining the ecological balance of our planet. The importance of preserving biodiversity was also strongly discussed at the recently held United Nations Biodiversity Conference in Canada. The article further talks about the various new efforts taken by the Indian government in preserving the biodiversity. We, through this discussion, will try to decode the points discussed in the article. The syllabus relevant for this discussion is highlighted here. Interested aspirants can go through it. First of all, you should know that India is a significant country when it comes to the biodiversity. It is because it holds nearly 17% of the planet's human population and the same amount of global area in biodiversity hotspots. And this particular fact places India at the forefront to guide the planet in conserving biodiversity. The trend nowadays is that people and government are recognizing the ill effects of damaging the environment. Since we are facing a lot of issues relating to climate change, there is now increasing awareness about the importance of biodiversity. This is what makes the UN Convention on Biodiversity important. See, the Conference of Parties 15 to the UN Convention on Biodiversity was recently held on December 19, 2022 in Montreal, Canada. In this conference only, representatives from 188 countries adopted an agreement to halt and reserve biodiversity laws. The biodiversity laws is planned to be reversed by conserving 30% of the world's land and 30% of the world's ocean by the year 2030. This is what is famously called as 30 by 30 pledge. With this background information about the recently concluded COP15, we will now move on to see about the recent programs launched by the Indian government that aims to protect the biodiversity. Firstly, let's take the Union budget 2023. It mentions about green growth as one of the seven priorities or shrub theresees. This came at the right time because India is now facing serious losses of natural assets such as soil, land, water and even biodiversity. Secondly, we have the national mission for a greener India. This mission aims to increase forest cover on degraded lands and protect the existing forest lands. Thirdly, we have the green credit program. According to this program, if a company or individual or local body takes environmentally sustainable and responsive actions, then incentives will be given to them. So, the program has the objective to incentivize actions by companies, individuals and local bodies. Fourthly, our finance minister announced the mangrove initiative for shoreline habitats and tangible incomes. See, this program is shortly known as MISTHI. This initiative is very important because we all know mangroves and coastal ecosystems play a major role in mitigating climate change. And this initiative will in turn try to protect this very mangrove and coastal ecosystem so that they can in turn offer some protection from the climate change-induced disasters. Fifthly, there is this prime minister program for restoration, awareness, nourishment and amelioration of mother earth. See, this program is shortly known as PMPRANAM. It aims to reduce the inputs of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. If correctly implemented, this will help in promoting sustainable agriculture in our country. Finally, we have the AMRIT Dharohar scheme. See, the scheme's objective is to encourage optimal use of wetlands and to enhance biodiversity, carbon stock, ecotourism opportunities and income generation for local communities. According to the author, if this AMRIT Dharohar scheme is implemented in letter and spirit, it will benefit aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services. These are all some of the programs that India has launched recently to protect its environment and its biodiversity. See, aspirants, this article is very important. I have given you a list of schemes and programs relating to environment launched by our union government. Make a note of all these points. You can quote it in your answer or you can write these schemes in the conclusion part of your main's questions. Now moving on. See, the author of this editorial suggests some points as to how the programs for biodiversity should be made. Firstly, the author is saying that environment-related programs should respond to the current state of country's biodiversity. It is also said that a science-based and inclusive monitoring program is critical for the success of the efforts. And a science-based program will also be helpful for documentation and distillation of lessons learnt for replication. This means that usually a program is implemented on a pilot basis only. And if there is no information on how it is implemented and what are all needed, then it will be difficult to implement the pilot program throughout the country. So, the author is saying that a science-based program only will be the easy way to document. And this documentation is necessary for implementing the program nationally as well as globally. Secondly, the author is saying that new missions and programs should use modern concepts of sustainability and valuation of ecosystems. According to the author, this only will consider ecological, cultural and sociological aspects of the biological wealth. I will give you an example to understand this. Let us take the case of wetlands. Here, we should consider the sustainability of ecological flows. Firstly, this can be done by reducing the usage of water in key sectors such as agriculture. Secondly, by encouraging transformation to less water-intensive crops such as millets. Thirdly, by promoting investments in water recycling in urban areas by a combination of grey and blue-green infrastructure. And this is only sustainable measures and valuation of ecosystems. The author is saying that the measures like this should be promoted a lot. Thirdly, author is talking about the implementation of green in the emission. As per the author, the implementation should focus on ecological restoration rather than tree plantation. Even if tree is planted, then it should be on sites where it contributes to ecological connectivity. But we plant in places where it is convenient for us right. According to the author, this should not be done. Apart from this, the author is saying that the choice of tree species and density should be considered before planting. Additionally, as per author, evidence on resilience under emerging climate change should also be considered while implementing the mission. Fourthly, when it comes to mangrove site selection, the location should be carefully considered with a great emphasis on the diversity of mangrove species. Finally, author is saying that every effort should be inclusive. It should involve the participation of local and nomadic communities where the initiatives are implemented. Their participation is needed to integrate the traditional knowledge of the communities into the implementation plans. According to the author, these are some of the steps that need to be kept in mind while implementing the programs. Before concluding the editorial, the author talks about the national mission on biodiversity and human well-being. According to the author, this mission should be implemented with all the points we saw earlier. Additionally, it should also contain significant educational and research funding to bring awareness to India's biological wealth. This is because it is an important mission approved by the Prime Minister's Science and Technology Innovation Advisory Council. The objective of this particular mission is to harness the power of interdisciplinary knowledge for greening India and its economy. The second objective is to restore and enrich our natural capital for the well-being of our people. And thirdly, the mission tries to position India as a global leader in applied biodiversity science. So, the author is saying that this mission should be implemented well to safeguard our biological wealth. With this, we have come to the end of this discussion. Through this discussion, we have seen about the recently held COP15 and various schemes and programs launched by the Union government in India to protect its biodiversity. And these learned points in mind, now let's move on to the next part of our Hindu Daily News Analysis which is nothing but the Prillams Practice Question Discussion. Today, I have taken five different questions for our discussion. Four will be discussed by me and one will be the quiz question for you all. Now, coming to the first question. See, this is a previous year question which was also written in the Prillams 2014. The question is related to Partition of Bengal. Now, let me read out the question first. Partition of Bengal made by Lord Kersen in 1905 lasted until. See, four different options are given and we have to choose the correct option. Option A is wrong. See, Partition of Bengal was cancelled in the year 1911. It was not during the First World War. First World War, as you all know, happened in 1914. So, option 1 is wrong. Coming to option B. King George V operated Kersen's act at the Royal Darbar in Delhi in 1911. See, this option is only the correct option. In 1911, King George V visited India. A Darbar was held at Delhi and the capital of India was transferred from Calcutta to Delhi during this special Darbar. So, the correct answer for this question is option B. Now, moving on to the second question. Five different countries are given and we have to arrange these countries from the western side to eastern side. See, all these countries are located in the Sahel region of Africa. We have discussed about the militancy issue in the Burkina Faso in our discussion. So, only I have asked this question. From the map displayed here, you can easily find out the answer. Yes, first comes the Mauritana. Second comes Mali. Third comes Niger. Fourth comes Chad. And finally comes the Sudan. So, from the option provided here, we can see that option B is the correct one. Now, moving on to the third question. With reference to Bimbacar rock shelters, consider these statements. Three statements are given and we have to find the incorrect statement. Coming to statement one. The term Bimbacar refers to the sitting location of Bhima, who is one of the Pandavas. See, the statement is correct. This is how the place Bimbacar got its name. Now, coming to the second statement. It is located in the Mahodeo Hills in Madhya Pradesh. See, the statement is incorrect. It is not located in the Mahodeo Hills, but it is located in the Bindian Hills of Madhya Pradesh. So, statement two is incorrect. Now, coming to the third statement. The paintings in Bimbacar caves are painted using white color only. See, the statement is incorrect. Paintings in Bimbacar are primarily in red and white colors. Few of the paintings are also made in green and yellow colors. So, the third statement is incorrect. So, the correct answer for this question is option B213 only. Now, moving on to the fourth question. This question is related to enforcement directorate. Let me read out the question first. Enforcement directorate derives its powers from which of the following acts. Four different acts are given and we have to find out the correct act. First one, Companies Act 2013. See, this is wrong. Enforcement directorate doesn't have any power derived from the Companies Act 2013. By knowing this single fact, we can come to the answer. By eliminating, we will only remain with option B. So, the correct answer for this question is option B234 only. Displayed here is the quiz question for you. Interested aspirants can post the correct answer in the comment section. The main practice question is displayed here. Interested aspirants can write the answer and post it in the comment section. With this, we have come to the end of our discussion. If you have liked our video, please hit the like button, do comment and share it with your friends. Thank you for listening.