 Hello everyone, is my voice clear? Krithika is my voice clear? Can you hear me? Can you all hear me? Okay, great. So I'll start. So today's session would be regarding SIT revision. So we have done enough sessions on MAT Now what we need to do is that we need to clarify or we need to concentrate on SAT portion also, which is best on 3-4 things. So on the screen, I'll keep on sharing the reference material which has been given to you and I'll keep on telling you how to study it and I'll keep on clarifying the doubts also So this session would not only be just give me a moment So basically what happens in SAT portion is you have to study the Karnataka board civics book and most of the question which come in the Examination is Karnataka is from Karnataka board Book so I'll start with political science thing. I'll cover up constitution and Indian government and state government mostly So Whatever I can cover I'll cover today and then I'll take history some other day or perhaps we will take history in geography So I'll cover up just Okay, so I'll start with the formation of cabinet committee so in 1946 what happened when the Britishers decided that they want to leave India and There was a continuous demand for Creation of a constituent assembly now by the word constituents assembly we can understand that Constituents assembly means the the prima facie purpose of the Constituents assembly was to formulate the constitution to draft the constitution for independent India now in 1946 British government Accepted the demand for the formation of Constituents assembly to decide upon The formation of Constituents assembly there was a mission which is called cabinet mission which was sent to India in 1946 now Who were the members of Cabinet mission so you see in your book it has been given and many a times it has been asked look at the cursor Where I'm pointing it out So members of cabinet committee were Lord Patrick Lawrence. He was Indian secretary for parliamentary affairs Sir standard span Stanford Crips and AV Alexander. So remember these three names These three people were member of Constituents assembly. What was the Duty of or what was the objective of cabinet committee the objective of cabinet committee or cabinet mission was to Then Indian politicians at that point of time or Indian freedom struggle us at that point of time that How the cabinet committee is going to be formed? Sorry, how the Constituents assembly is going to be formed. So if I discussed about discuss about Constituents assembly in the initial Constituents assembly before Pakistan was partition There were 389 seats these this data is very important There were 389 seats in the Constituents assembly and I'm talking about Constituents assembly of Non-partisan India now at that point of time if I talk about Geographical separation of our geographical distribution of Indian territories, there were three kind of Indian territories once one were provinces which were governed by British's Then we had something called chief commissioner ruled states and the other were princely states Now try to understand so now out of three 89 seats Not all the seats were given to British provinces I mean it was it was divided among British provinces and chief commissioner ruled states and princely states. So For British provinces So I'll start with princely states to princely states 93 seats were given So how many of them are left out if you do 389 minus 93 you get 296 so what about the other 296 seats so the chief commissioner states four seats were given and rest 292 were for British provinces now how members from these Three different kind of states or three different kind of territories were selected So try to understand this question is asked time and again and the answer is the Constituents assembly was partially elected and partially nominated. What do I mean by from what do I mean from this statement? So from princely states members were nominated By the king or the ruler of that princely state from chief commissioner state also there there was no election from in the British provinces So what happened in British provinces try to understand I'll give you a small feedback about a small Concept about British provinces wherever British provinces I mean whichever states were British provinces governed by Britishers There was at that point of time election systems So like we have state assemblies now at that point of time also there were state assemblies in the states Which were governed I mean which were called British provinces So members of those state provinces or state state assembly were Elected from People of that state now it was not universal adult franchise as we have now it was I mean there were selected voters who used to go and vote for the member of Provincial assemblies and those member of provincial assemblies elected Members of Constituents assembly so from British provinces Members of the Constituents assembly were elected and from princely state They were nominated by the rulers similarly for chief commissioner states now try to understand Was there any Religious basis on which the Constituents assembly was selected so answer is yes the Constituents assembly was elected on the basis of It was also elected on a religious basis so for 1 million people of Or I'll not try people. I'll write population of Any religion one member was selected or elected So please remember these things that how Constituents assembly was elected to 92 seats from British provinces 93 seats from princely states and four seats from British commissioners British chief commissioners now the basic question is when the formation of Indian Constituents assembly was demanded now there are so many views about the demand of formation of Indian Constituents assembly Gopal Krishnan Gokhale referred to it in 1911 but that is not considered to be the demand or Making demand for the formation of Constituents assembly. So what is that? now try to understand in 1934 there was a communist leader whose name was M. N. Roy Formally he demanded for the first time the the creation of Constituents assembly. So who made the first formal demand Mn Roy made the first formal demand for Constituents assembly now what happened in 1939 in National Congress Plenary which used to happen year-on-year Motilal Nehru committee also So what happened at that point of time? there was So there was one Motilal Nehru committee in 1939 Karachi session of Congress So Motilal Nehru made a few provisions or a few demands to the Britishers and one was that creation of Constituents assembly CA and That was passed by the Indian National Congress. So the first demand for the creation of Constituents assembly by the Indian National Congress came in 1939 under Motilal Nehru committee recommendation in Karachi session of The plenary of the Congress as simple as that now Who are the prominent members? I mean when Constituents assembly was formed One committee which is very important and which has been Given in your book also that is drafting committee. So Drafting committee who was the chairman of drafting committee chairman of drafting committee was Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and Due to which Dr. B. R. Ambedkar has been given so many names like one name that That has been given to Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar is modern Manu and Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar is supposed to be the chief architect of Formulation of or drafting of Indian constitution So he was chairman of drafting committee Bheem Rao Ambedkar and He's also called modern Manu Now how many different committees were there? So you look at the book there were 22 different committees in the Constituents assembly and five subcommittees Bheem Rao Ambedkar was the Chairman of drafting committee other members of drafting committee where N. Gopala Swami please remember these names N. Gopala Swami Ayangar N. Gopala Swami Ayangar, it's only I then the next name is Krishna Swami Ayur K. M. Munsi and T. T. Krishna Machari. So please remember these three four names Now let's go to framing of the Constitution. So How many days we are taken? I'm sorry. So first meeting of the Constituents assembly happened on 9th December 1946 and When did the Constitution I mean when did it finish I mean framing of the or drafting of the Constitution? When did it finish? It finished on 26th, November 1949 so it took nearly two years not nearly it took two years 11 months and 18 days for drafting of the Indian Constitution and Indian Constitution was adopted on this day So many a times it is asked in the examination that when Indian Constitution was adopted So Indian Constitution was adopted on 26th, November 1949 Now if Indian Constitution was adopted on 26th, November 1949 Why Republic Day is celebrated on 26th, January? So you need to understand the difference between adaptation and and coming into the force 26 January in Lahore session Or you can say the first time food Swaraj was demanded in Lahore session of Congress and To celebrate the demand of food Swaraj one day was selected versus 26th, January and on that day across Unpartitioned India national flag was Unfold and and and the anthems were sung and there was celebration That food Swaraj has been demanded and that's why after adopt adoption of Indian Constitution they waited for two months and it came into force on 26th, January. So the public day is 26th, January and It was adopted on 26th, November 1949. Now How many readings there were three readings of? Indian Constitution in Indian Constituents Assembly so after third reading the members present signed on the Constitution and It was adopted after their signature it was adopted on 26th, November 1949 Now in original Indian Constitution, how many articles were there? So if I discuss about Indian Constitution original Indian Constitution 1950 or 26 Jan 1950 So it consisted a preamble there were Many two parts which consisted 395 articles and There were eight schedules of Indian Constitutions eight schedules in Indian Constitution So it consisted of preambles 22 parts which consisted 395 articles and eight schedules Now what is the case? Now we have nearly now we have 25 parts nearly 448 articles and We have 12 schedule So From 22 parts it has increased to 25 from 395 to 448 and Four new schedules have been added. So I'll discuss preamble first and then I'll go to different articles so I'll discuss important words given in in in preamble of Indian Constitution Now what does preamble tells preamble is a brief of fundamental ideas and Objective of the Indian Constitution. So whatever fundamental policies are there ideals are there of the Constitution That has been included in the preamble So it's basically a brief small brief of of all the parts articles which has been constituted or which has been inculcated in the preamble. Now, what are the important words in Indian preamble Indian constitutional preamble. Just look at here. Just give me a moment So first one is to be the citizen So Indian preamble does not talk about any class, creed, religion From the equality perspective So the complete constitution has been conferred to each and every person and that is why the word that has been used in Indian Constitution the first word in the preamble is be the citizens of India and It has been dedicated to each and every person there is no class or there is no Race creed which has been included there the next Important word is sovereign. So what is the meaning of sovereign? Sovereigns means free from external interference in decision-making. So sovereign means whenever We have to take a decision. We are not dependent on any anyone few of the examples which has been given in your book is Like non-alignment policy. This is related to Cold War era So when the complete world was divided into two parts between USA and Russia So India's chose to be not aligned with any one of them and that that that's one of the examples Which has been discussed in the book So basic meaning of sovereign means no interference by external world in the decision-making Or not under control of any other country That's the meaning of sovereign this the third important word is socialist the third important word is socialist now many people Many students understand that socialist is related to some kind of Society kind of it's it's it's basically a economic term socialist So what what economy is divided into three categories first one is capitalism where everything is controlled by Private companies second one is a state economy. So in state economy, there are two parts one is communist and The second one is socialist Now what what is the difference between communist and socialist in communist? Factors of production is owned by government in socialist the same factors of production is owned by People of that country and that is why you might be hearing whenever a bridge is inaugurated or whenever a metro station is inaugurated or something like that Next day you will hear that the metro station has been dedicated to the people of India or something like that Why because in a socialist economy the factors of production and on all public Property that is why we call it block public property because it is combinedly owned by people of the country Now example of communist economy biggest example is I mean well It's not 100% but yes China do follow some some traits of communist economy socialist economy India is an example And the third one is mixed economy So in mixed economy you have Capitalism and any form of state economy like in China It is capitalism plus communist in India. It is capitalism plus socialist So that is called mixed economy most of the economies in India in the world now is mixed economy So that that that is what you mean by socialist now. What do you mean by? secular so secular means there is one definition of a State being secular which is So secular means one minute guys so secular means No religion has been given the status of state religion like in India the government state means the government does not have Any particular religion or it does not support any particular Religion like if you look at other countries like if you look at Pakistan it Rides Islamic Republic of Pakistan. So what do what does it mean that the government's the state religion for that particular country is Islam? In India, we don't have such concept. We are a secular nation It means that the government does not follow any particular or government does not Has any particular religion associated to it now secularism this question is also asked It can be positive or it can be negative. I Saw this question. So what do you mean by positive and negative? So positive secularism means though government does not have any particular religion associated with it it helps all the religion with Equality or So there is so in positive secularism what happens government will help or it will not Discriminate between two religions. So like if if you see The government used to give HUD subsidies in India. I mean it it is getting stopped now but it it used to give HUD subsidies or on Pilgrimages a lot of subsidies were provided So people can say that that is not a part of secularism that is a part of positive secularism where there is No difference between two religion and the government supports all the religion with equality What do you mean by negative secularism negative secularism means no interference of government in the religious affairs like in UK So in UK, you will not find government interfering in any matter of religion so That is the concept of Positive and negative secularism Now, what is the other important word other important word is a republic? What do you mean by republic? Republic means that head of the state is elected Now first question comes from here only who is the head of the state and your options would be president Prime Minister Chief Justice of India and Likewise now confusion arises here Between Prime Minister and president in India the head of the state is president of India and is president of India elected? Yes So use you can say that there is no election. I mean there is no direct election. So president of India is is Not directly elected president of India is indirectly elected indirectly elected by representative of representatives of people so members of Lok Sabha Rajasabha MPs Lok Sabha and Rajasabha Which MPs Only elected nominated one do not participate here then MLA's of State assemblies they participate in election of president So in election of president who participates MPs of Lok Sabha and Rajasabha only the elected one not the nominated one and MLA's a member of legislative assemblies of state assemblies. They also participate in the election of President of India Who does not participate? So one I have already told you nominated members anywhere where whether in state assembly or Lok Sabha Rajasabha and members of Legislative council They do not participate in They do not participate in Election of head of the state which is president now. What is the other kind of? Countries so other kind of countries are like monarchy and Where is monarchy? So in Britain we have monarchy that is not a republic That is monarchy Queen is Head of the state now that position is not elected that position is Not part of any election. So if India also had that option India elected republics so that it can Run its administrator administration on its own one basic fact is that Australia, which is an independent country Which is still not a public so still it it's it's under monarchy of British mean. So that's an interesting fact Okay, let me go to the other important word. The other important word is Democratic Democratic means by the people for the people of the people. What does that mean? Everybody say that it means that? election election of the representatives So in India we have election for MPs of Lok Sabha on state level we select MLA's and on local levels we select corporators of municipalities or Head of village panchayats So three tier elections union state and Either municipality Village panchayats So that is what democratic means Now what are the other keywords? So the other keywords are preamble talks about justice What kind of justice social economic and political justice Now this political justice and a bit of social justice has been provided by has been provided by fundamental rights and Economic and a bit of social justice have been provided by DPSP directive principle of state policy Which I'll cover later Next is it talks about equality. So what kind of equality equality of status? Opportunity talks about fraternity now what kind of fraternity both individuals fraternity means In India you call it by Shara. So in fraternity two things have been taken care of one is dignity of individual second is unity and integrity of Country now try to understand three words. I've written integrity here purposefully because I want to tell you one thing The preamble was always not like this. It was modified or it was amended in 1976 and that amendment is 42nd constitutional Amendment Act in 1976 three words were particularly added it has been given in your book also that is secular socialist and Integrity so Please remember this last year a question came from this So secular socialist and integrity was not always there in Original constitution it was added by 42nd constitutional amendment act in 1976 Also, they asked Prime Minister who was the Prime Minister at that point of time. So in 1976 you should always remember like this This was the period of emergency in India. So 1975 to 1977 emergency period the only emergency that has been There in India and it was imposed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and They also ask one question after this that who became Prime Minister in 1977 so you should always remember that was the first non-congress government and the Prime Minister was Morarji Desai of Janta Party So these two questions are important They asked who was the Prime Minister during emergency which is Indira Gandhi after or who was the first non-congress Prime Minister? So the answer is Morarji Desai. So this is all about preamble of Indian Constitution if you know about these words There would be nothing more than that Now what are the salient features of Indian Constitution? so it is the Lendiest constitution of the world So I have already here it has been written for 65 articles So I've already told you this this data 22 chapters. This which is also called parts eight schedules and 395 articles Now you have 25 chapters 12 schedules and 465 articles Other salient features of Indian Constitution a direct question came Year back or maybe two years back From salient features of Indian Constitutions. So Which is that it is partially flexible and partially rigid Rigid Constitution. What do you mean by this this particular line? It means that few of the articles or few of the portions of the Indian Constitution Can be changed or can be amended and few portion of it cannot be amended. So There is this this this is important and writing it please note it down Take a note of it Supreme Court of India has Decided upon basic features of Indian Constitution Now, please remember this has basic features of Indian Constitution has not been Defined in Indian Constitution. It has been defined by Supreme Court and Which case this case name perhaps is given in your book. It was in case one and the Bharti case So basic feature of the Indian Constitution. This can never be amended So that is why it is partially rigid and all other features of the Indian Constitution Constitution can be amended and that is why it is partially flexible Next feature is parliamentary form of government. So you see in America They're also I mean Basically, what we mean by here is parliamentary form of government is that the Head of the government. I'm not saying head of the state head of the government is Prime Minister of India And you have executive executives at both central and state levels. So what do you mean by executives at Central level, you have Prime Minister and a cabinet which is headed by the Prime Minister at state level You have Chief Minister and a cabinet which is headed by the Chief Minister So that form of government is from called parliamentary form of government in USA If you see who is the head of the government, it is president of that particular country So that thing Republic I have already Discussed with you India had an option India has chosen for Republic system where it's head of the state, which is president in selective What do you mean by federal system try to understand what is it might be there? Union versus federal Union means Consolidation or centralization Consolidation or centralization of power in Union government in the hands of Union In federal government the powers are divided between Union government and State government so in India we have schedule 7 please remember the schedule Which divides power between Indian and sorry Union and state governments and There are three lists. It talks about three lists. One is Union list In which powers which are under Union government that has been Given over there then you have state list So powers under state government has been enlisted over there and third one is concurrent Now what do you mean by concurrent concurrent wins the powers which are under both Union and State government life. I'll give you an example health Second one is education so you see hospitals of state governments and Hospitals of central government hospital of central government is like M's State government. There are several state government hospitals Education you see central government schools central schools. You see primary schools run by state governments So there are few topics or there are few powers which are concurrent which is governed by both Union state Union and state government and where it has been enlisted. It has been enlisted in schedule 7 Now what is the other? What are the other salient features? So three of them and then I'll wrap up this particular thing and I'll move to fundamental rights So The other three are Just give me a moment. Let me raise it the other three are fundamental rights So what do you mean by from where fundamental rights have been taken first this question is asked time and again It has been taken from USA bill of rights the constitution of USA Bill of rights Second one is fundamental duties Fundamental duties has been taken from USSR or Russia So Was fundamental duties always there in Indian Constitution? No, it was not always there in Indian Constitution It was inculcated in 1978 by 44th constitutional amendment act so and they ask also about Committee it was shown on the recommendations of swan Singh committee and third is Directive principle of state policy. What is it directive principle of state policy? It's a direction to the governments that how they should function how they should make the rules how they should Make the policies in which direction or in which Particle what should be the objective of? the government that has been enlisted in Directive principle of a state policy so this was a Brief about salient features of Indian Constitution Now, let me move to the other section. What is the other section? Okay, one more thing that I would like to add that in India We have single citizenship and we have bicameral legislature the word bicameral cam camera means presence of two houses Lok Sabha and Rajasabha so few of the State assemblies or few of the state legislatures are also bicameral like they have Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council, but not all of them are bicameral I am saying not all the states have bicameral Legislature few of the states like state like UP, Bihar all these states have bicameral legislature Adult franchisee so more than 18 years of age age can vote Party system we all know Single citizenship. Yes The last important thing is independent and central judiciary Independent judiciary, we know that they are not governed by any government agency or something like that Judiciary is independent What do you mean by centralized? So if you look at the arrangement of Indian judiciary, it has been divided into different layers The first layer is at the district level or at the What do you see at the district level so you will have you have session codes over there The judgments of the district's codes can be challenged in high code So the middle layer is at the state level most of the states have their high codes individual high codes Few states don't have their individual high codes. One prime example of that is Punjab and Haryana They have a combined high code which is situated in Chandigarh So the middle layer is high code and the top level of the judiciary is Supreme Court of India So centralized means though it is different layers judgments of The lower codes can be challenged in the upper code in the in the given hierarchy So from district codes, it can go to high code from high code It can go to Supreme Court of India, but not in all the cases. I'm coming to the fundamental rights Cases related to fundamental rights can be directly filed in either Supreme Court or High Court So the next topic is fundamental rights So first thing first fundamental rights are also called Magna Carta of Indian Constitution now why fundamental rights have been Incorporated in Indian Constitution fundamental rights have been incorporated in Indian Constitution to save general people From state atrocities So like if somebody becomes a prime minister or somebody takes powers in his hand and start Like it happened some time ago in one of the countries in Africa in Uganda or you can say Central African Republic Republic or in North Korea where people don't have any right you are supposed to eat what The rulers say you are supposed to work at time when the rulers say so something like that Dictatorship kind of thing which I'm talking about so to save people from state atrocities fundamental rights have been given and to make it legal you can file a case in Either Supreme Court or High Court As simple as that Now now fundamental rights in which part they are they are in part three of the Indian Constitution And from which to which article article 12 to article 35 Fundamental rights have been So I will discuss them briefly one by one. What is article 12? Just let me go through your book how much it has been given and that's how Okay, most of the things have been given over there So I'll just increase it a little bit article 12 is definition of state Which is your union government state government third layer which can be municipality or Which can be village punch ads or Something then state companies. I mean government companies or anybody working on behalf of Government companies. I'll discuss briefly article 13 also article 13 gives a right to review That any particular Any particular government? Yes, I know that is public interest litigation. So this this is under article 13 is actually public interest litigation PIL so anything which is Against fundamental right if if government is making any provision any policy any rule any act any law Which is against fundamental right? So you can file a public interest litigation under article 33 13 Sorry article 13 which gives a right to review now The most important part which has been explained in your book. This was not given in your book I thought of not missing it out the next one is Article 14 to 18 So it has been given in your book right to equality. So right articles also it is a right to equality so article 14 is What do you mean by right to equality that everybody has been given equal rights now article 14 is equality before law and Equal protection of law. I'm just writing the first one so that I can Show you show you the objective of right to equality or I can explain you so article for Article 14 to 18 is right to equality and look at this important article, which is article 14 Equality before law and equal protection of law. I'll discuss one important article 35 a which has been in news and can be part of your question paper because Every day in newspaper, you will find this article. What is it? And if this particular article I'm telling now article 35 a has been challenged in Supreme Court of India on the basis of article 14 So see here what existence of one article 35 a has been challenged on the basis of one other article in the same fundamental, right? so I Discuss that later article 15 is about Non-discrimination so it says that you cannot discuss government cannot discriminate on the basis of cast creed religion All the place of birth and gender article 16 is in case of public employment equal Opportunity has been has to be given to everyone Articles 17 is evolution of untouchability and article 18 is evolution of titles Except military and academy. What do you mean by evolution of titles? So when British as we're there they they used to give knighthoods So you see if if if you might be interested in watching cricket you might be looking at few of the cricketers or Names of the few of the cricketers been Retained with a prefix of sir like sir Ian's apple and sir Richard's and sir Gary Sauber's and all this. What is this? This is the knighthood given by or this is our honor given by title given by the British woman now Indian government has Also, the Indian Constitution has abolished any title acceptance of any title so Indian Citizens cannot accept any title like knighthood Under the provision of Indian Constitution article 18 So this was about right to equality Okay, let me just Make some space so that I can write so article Till the time I keep on teaching article 18 to 22 is right to freedom. What kind of right to freedom? So right to freedom has been also divided into two parts right to freedom is One generalistic right to freedom and the article 25 to 28 is right to freedom of religion So generalistic right to freedom is article 19 to 22 I'm writing here article 19 to 22 is basically Right to freedom. So what is it? Article 19 I discussed briefly article 19 is protection of six rights. So your speech Peaceful assembly Expression I write expression here only Movement across country profession Now this is what I was talking about Profession now in North Korea, your profession cannot be what you want. It can be something else under the dictatorship Now a fundamental right is not there and suppose somebody becomes a Prime Minister who starts assigning different professions to different people depending on his wish So in the maker of the Indian Constitution did not want that situation to arise in India So that is why this fundamental right is so important So profession then what do you have? you have association and residence So a person from any state can go in any other state and starts residing now. There is another From residence. I doesn't mean property. There was another article 31 which was related to property which was abolished So now you cannot go to Jammu and Kashmir and buy Property there you also cannot go to Himachal Pradesh and buy a property there So right to property has been abolished, but right to residence is there Suppose I get a job in Shimla. I can go and definitely stay in similar. That's my right to residence So this is article 19 now look I have written this first article to explain why right to freedom is so important Now, there are other articles. So like article 20 is I was talking about 19 Article 20 is protection in respect of conviction of offense. I mean when you make offense any any one who is Making any offense and he is arrested So he should be given reason for that It should not be that somebody and no one arrest somebody without giving any reason that what offense he has given Offense he has done or something like that. Similarly, you have article 21, which is very important, which is your right to life and personal liberty right to life and personal liberty So you all might have heard article 21 a you might not be knowing article 21 but you might be knowing Free and compulsory right to free and compulsory education For all children is 16 to 14 years. So Supreme Court of India decided that For right to life, it is very important to educate the citizens of India And that's why this right to free and compulsory education has been inculcated in Indian constitution Again last year right to privacy was given fundamental right given the status of fundamental right under article 21. So here Article 21 only under article 21 only right to privacy Has been added and given status of Fundamental right Then you have article 22 which is protection against arrest and detention In certain cases, that's not important. Then you have next article next set of articles, which is So guys, I'll cover up the fund cover up till fundamental rights and then I Take the other portion of it in the next session. So Next one is article 23 and 24 Article 23 and 24, which is right against exploitation So Anirudh is saying that article 370 of Indian constitution is the article that gives autonomous status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir Anirudh, there are two articles article 370 is for state Jammu and Kashmir article 35 a Is for people of Jammu and Kashmir? So we need to understand the difference article 370 is for state Jammu and Kashmir article 35 a is for the people of Jammu and Kashmir under article 35 a They have been given special status and the property thing which I was talking about is under article 35 a that you cannot go and buy properties over there and citizenship of I mean reciting there on a profession there So it is included under article 35 a now few of the people who find PIL have said that this is against right to equality So this is the case article 23 and 24 is right against Exploitation so like children of below age 14 should not work in hazardous factory and all these things 25 to 28 is right to freedom and After this I'll wrap up. So right to freedom. What do you mean by right to freedom? So everyone like 25 says that freedom of conscience and free profession Practice propagation to manage religious affairs or if you want to take some Levi fee from somebody you can take that and Whichever religion you want to follow you can follow that. So that has been included in article 25 to 28 And last few articles is 29 and 30 which is for language and minority so protection of language and cultural So Thank you Aniruddh, if it happens it is illegal. I know several places where people is 10 are working But that is illegal that should not happen. So if somewhere it is happening That is something which is illegal that should not happen. So This was the class guys, thank you so much for attending the class Next session I'll take on I'll let you know when I'm taking the next session. Thank you so much all of you those who attended the class From in next session, I'll take from fundamental duties. I'll take DBSP and I'll cover up state government and Union government. So guys, thank you so much. Thank you