 Framing the topic on my views is that it's really about moving from your research topic or your research question or your research specialty into a more global topic that includes social interests. That's something that is not only of interest of course for your peers or for your specialty but that could be of interest for other parts of society. Ideally that could be of interest for everyone. But it doesn't have to be a core interest for everyone, but at least of interest for society. So very often it's about opening your topic and thinking so first of all why is my research important? What should I do it? I'm aware that sometimes it's a cruel question but for a researcher to ask this, but asking yourself in which ways is it important beyond me, beyond us researchers. Does it sometimes it's by itself important, sometimes by itself it can seem a bit too specialized, too narrow, but it contributes to a bigger picture and then it's about opening the scope once again and thinking what is the bigger picture to which my research contributes to. It's also about thinking about how other people may relate to this research and they may relate because the topic touches them, moves them or strikes them but it may relate also to other means. For example, is there anything in your research that relates to cultural works, to books, to movies, to series? Is there a video game that you could link a successful video game that many teenagers are playing or have played that in some ways can echo your research? If there are these means, you can really use them as a way to engage with the audience. And last, it will also often involve you in a slightly intimate and sometimes introspective journey, asking yourself what is my most memorable moment in my research? Did I have any memorable moment in my research and if the answer is no, well, I let you draw the conclusion of this but ask yourself, are there any memorable moment, moment I have been moved by my research and that might be when I wrote an article but that might be when I did an experiment, that maybe when I met someone, when I was in the field outside and something happened, when I suddenly understood or when I got this result, any memorable moment that can be very anecdotal. It can be a moment near the coffee machine with another researcher or it can be just meeting someone from a community you are studying and suddenly having a discussion when this is something you remember. So coming back to you intimately as a person, what does move you? Why did you start working in that research or why do you still do it today? What still moves you or what moments have suddenly moved you and maybe justified while you are doing this work? These tiny bits of more personal elements are very good starting point either to build up a big engagement action or to include and add in an existing action to make the things much more engaging and much more lively. It's not only about knowledge, it's also about you as a researcher and your intimate relationship with your work and with what you do. So you'll have a bit of time to explore these questions. I just would like to give you three very simple examples to make things clearer. If you have seen some of the masterclasses of some of the broader sessions that has been organized by EXITE regarding public engagement, in one of them you had a researcher from the Europe European project and Europe is a project that studies polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. So and all the researchers, 16 PhD researchers from these networks, mostly astrophysics, but also astrochemists, toxicologists in biology, we're studying these very types of molecule called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. So obviously if you just say my specialty is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, this is not the best way to frame your public engagement action. And mostly you will even in a social context, if you're having a dinner with someone and you just say this, the conversation will start to be difficult and you might have an awkward moment. So they started to reflect what could you tell about these types of molecules that are called PAH? How could we talk about them? How could we present our research? And of course we could speak about the chemistry of these molecules. But another aspect is that they were studying this molecule in space and the possible presence of these molecules in the interstellar medium, meaning just the big void that there is in space, which is full of molecules here and there, mostly hydrogen, but also maybe possibly some of those types of molecules and some astrophysicists are studying this. So they also speak about these molecules as a pollutant on the Earth. And the last is one of the hypothesis, which is still a hypothesis, nothing sure yet, but that it's in discussion in the scientific community is that a hypothesis for the origin of life on Earth could be the presence of these molecules in space coming on Earth. So they have plenty of ways to tackle this. For example, the origin of life would be a very nice and strong element, although the reason they didn't choose this one as their core topic is that they felt not comfortable by the fact that it was not a fully validated hypothesis, but something that was consensus among the scientific community. But still they could have taken this, the path, the origin of life, and especially because we are not sure. And I would like just to stress this aspect for all of you, if there are some elements where you are not sure about your research that are still an issue, something in discussion in the scientific community. This is something extremely interesting for the audience. A very, a trap we often fall into is we want to present sure knowledge and we are not presenting sure knowledge we are presenting research. So it's mean knowledge in becoming. So, telling about something that is actually a hypothesis that is actually debated doesn't tell people that that your research is weak, it tells people that your research is dynamic and alive and often it's more something that triggers their interest because, oh, we're not sure yet so I'm witnessing something that is being happening. And I don't think if you frame it properly that it will be seen as oh researchers are not sure yet so that in your research is not not interesting, which is often a fear we have, and I think not to justify the one, especially for these kinds of topic. So what they chose here is they focused on on PA H in space and they thought, well, we are looking for the presence of these molecules in space with astrophysics with various instruments, various experiments. So we are actually cosmic carbon hunters, we are looking for these cosmic carbons in space. And several of them were video game players and they thought that that reminds me one of the most famous video game which is space invaders. So what they did is in Bristol, they did several actions with one very prominent one was in Bristol, where they went into a big shopping mall, very popular shopping mall, and they managed to rent a room in the shopping mall space, and they entirely build an exhibition from scratch themselves and they build the exhibition together with some support of course from from other actors but they build it themselves the researchers, and you can see here lots of activities on the downside part on the down part where you can see, for example, people can play with little objects to make molecules and understanding what are these kinds of molecules, they were designed a range of activities all tackling their research, but all designed in a way as you are into an arcade game room. And that was the way that they could integrate their activity into this, this shopping mall. Let's, I wanted to tackle different topics so this one was more in towards the natural sciences. Let's see one that is closer to the social sciences. If you tackle homeless people and there are people people tackling homeless people here in Bristol as well. And how could you tackle it well first of all, homeless people are people. So you can tell the stories, and this would be a very nice angle, or someone also a researcher said well it could happen to you this being homeless so that's a very strong way to involve people telling them. Maybe we can look at at homelessness as look at what could happen to you and experience what could happen to you went and fit closer to homeless people. Another angle would be to say, we can have a look at life on the street, what is the experience of living in the streets, not only the bad one but also is there a kind of a flink in homelessness people what are the social links you have you have no lens or is there some kind of support one through each other. What is it living in the street. And another element is that is the social invisibility homelessness is something that we can study, but most of all, do not see it much, even if it's very present in our cities and places. This idea of social invisibility was quite interesting also and in, we ended up with having this in the Bristol Center with a curious. How do you become invisible and you will meet some people working with homeless people and wondering, how do you become invisible, but maybe not in the way you thought. And actually in the Bristol Center, there is a whole part of the exhibition called how do you become invisible, and you can see different aspects aspects of becoming invisible through optics and aspects about social invisibility. And with this element. So I think this is a very unusual and nice take on homelessness rather than frontally talking about homelessness talking about invisibility and then moving into homelessness thanks to this. And I wanted one last example so we have technical natural sciences social sciences let's see one example from the humanities and the arts. How do you engage people with poetry if you're a researcher in literature and poetry. Well you can speak of course about the history of poetry and language, you can of course think that poetry can be beautiful you can also be awful and and that's also interesting. And start from this which is a classic view that many people have about poetry. You can also ask the question crudely is poetry useful or useless. What is it useful to. And in that discussion that may bring you to the question well poetry useful because it's kind of medicine it's a maybe for some people it's a medicine for the soul or for the mind. It's useful in this way. And you may end up with this activity, which is from kill University which was a poetry and prescription. So you have the most useful thing in the world which is an ambulance, who would say that is useless. An ambulance that will go into festival places cities, and this if you go into this ambulance you will see a whole design with skulls jars and medicine like things and books of poetry of course. So you will have a nurse here that will speak with you and have a consultation with you to see how you are doing and what's what's what is going on and this nurse will give you a prescription, a poetry prescription of course. So you will be prescribed to read specific poetry works to be better. And I think that I once again a very nice take on poetry, raising in a subtle ways, very strong questions about our relationship to poetry. I'm aware that that here in in our group we have some people with various very various research questions some in law some in humanity some in natural sciences. So these are just three simple examples and now it's going to be up to you to work on yours. So the questions you must ask yourselves I put them here again. First of all why is my research important in general. How does it relates to people's life. Does it contributes to a bigger picture. How does my research resonate with cultural works with books movies series games and are there then more intimately most more memorable moments that I lived with my research of people that were memorable with my research. And if we speak about people, we are very inclined to speak also about stories. What stories are there is there are some underlying stories of specific people of specific things happening into my research that I can then I may use. We are going to move on now we will discuss a little bit with about the audience. So choosing your core audience. The first thing I would like to stress here in this title core audience is that by the word core, I mean that you don't have to choose just one audience and exclude all the other ones. You can have one core audience and include plenty of others if not everyone else as well. But it's if you you will find it's often extremely useful to define one core audience and that will help you choose your action targeted and that will even give you some ideas that you might. Instead of being left with a I have to speak for everyone and that's not very helpful to you to design the action. It's much more helpful to know I have to speak to teenagers, because if I know I have to speak to teenagers my question is what interest teenagers. What are teenagers watching as movies as series or as books. So, if I, if I decide my audio core audience I certainly have ideas on how to approach my topic and translate it into public engagement. And then I can open it so it's open to everyone, but this will be helpful. The other thing is that there is a very strong saying in the public engagement community which is, there is no such thing as the general public. And I think this has never been true that there is a general public, but obviously in these last years with the development of social medias of groups, groups of interest, this has even more strongly became true with more structured groups of interest groups of identities group of practices. So, there is no no such thing as others of the general public. Whenever we design a public engagement action, there is always the first temptation which is my action is for everyone. We all want to be for everyone and that would be great. But once again, even to reach everyone. Let's start by focusing on someone on a core group first. So, we are never for everybody. And I would like just to, to do a little, just a little, just a few elements here. There is another issue in wanting to be for everyone, every time, which is that we are never for everybody and that that's fine. It's impossible to be for everybody to be to design an experience that everybody will feel inclined to come in feel welcome in like and joy feel they are speaking to them. This is almost never the case for everyone. But very often when we design an experience and think it has to be for everyone. We often rely on classical rules to make it very open to a lot of people to the largest majority of people, which is great. The issue is that the people who are not included in this vast majority are often the same actions to actions. So that means if we all build public engagement actions that are always for everyone. We actually always making public engagement actions that are for the same group. And even if it's a very large group, it means that there are smallest group that are excluded from public engagement actions and we have some great studies on this. If you want to look into it, I'll send you in the resource sheet with elements, but you can look into Emily Dawson's work. She's a researcher working on exclusion in public engagement practices. And there are several other works as well that are extremely interesting in showing us how by with these very wide open experiences, obviously everyone isn't fully included. And if you have a different culture, if you are a migrant from coming from someone else if we have a different type of experience in your life as a person in your family on your identity, there are some elements that sometimes are not for you. And if we don't pay attention to being inclusive of this group, they are always the same ones who are not included and that ends up that when we are doing our actions, even though we are bringing great things to society, great knowledge, great links to researchers and engagement and research. If it always benefits the same groups, we are also unfortunately reinforcing inequalities. So it's very, it's a very good practice to focus. And if you have an equality concern to focus on specific groups, whom are relevant and whom you specifically want to ensure engaged in your action and to make something specifically for them. And then the other ones will probably get included as well and come, but try to focus. So that's where the inclusion part, we can speak more about inclusion if you'd like, because that's a very important part in public engagement. Now, as I said before, it's all it's far more efficient and helpful to actively choose and target a specific audience. So when you want to choose your topic, what we did just before, or when you want to choose your partners, or when you want to choose your practice of public engagement, maybe a conference is great from one audience but it is absolutely the wrong one from another for another audience. When you want to change the environment, the setting in which you really public engagement should you do it in a bar, should you do it in a swimming pool, should we do it in the university. It depends a lot on the audience on the core audience and if you want to say I'm for everybody. Well, not everybody likes swimming pool, not everybody goes to bars that everybody goes to university so it's much, much more simple if you have chosen your audience. And of course, the last question is, how do we define an audience group and there are several ways to do this. So we will not do any course on segmentations I can, I will send you all some links on segmentations but it can be very very simple. If you were to define an audience group, can you write in the chat how you would define an example of audience group that you may focus on or that another researcher may focus on. Can you give me examples of research groups of audience groups that you think could be relevant. How would you define them. I'll write it in the chat for now. ICT developers. So this could be, this could be an interesting group. You can indeed define a group and audience by saying I'm going to engage with a specific type of occupations of people who have the same kinds of jobs. The ICT developers are working the same field of ICT globally. And these are, I'm going to engage with the ICT professionals. Children, children is it would be a category as well. Obviously, I will, if you tell me I'm going to engage with children, I'm going to ask you to be a bit more specific because a 13 year old child, a 10 year old child and a six year old child have extremely different needs and would need usually quite different public engagement actions. So yes, children would be a category, but once again, I would be more a bit more narrow and specific in terms of age groups. Visitors to a science museums, people already interested in science. And this could be absolutely a group. Definitely. So marginalized minorities, refugees, LGBTQI, racialized Muslim communities. These are also very clear groups and see how these immediately link you with possible partners, forces you to go into specific settings. So if you choose a very specific group like the Muslim community, you know that you're going to have to partner with a Muslim community that everything will have to be framed according to this. You have a specific technology that's absolutely possible as well. Policy advisors. Yes, policymakers can be a group you want to engage in girls in order to promote STEM studies. Yes. Here again, girls is a very wide category so I would advise to so I think it's a very good start, but I would advise to be a bit more specific on when you think about girls, is it going to be about girls who are 15 and can be about their younger girls when they are seven years old and when they are building their first relationship to science. So maybe choose a little bit more closely. Better millennials. Absolutely. So this is once again a quite wide category. And so I would be a bit more specific but that's a very good, very good point because when we say that age group we think also about their current practices in terms of for example digital practices, social media practices, and obviously that pushes us to say okay I'm interested in millennials who use social media so I'll design mental image directions on social media. Family members who are in charge of sorting household waste very nice. So this is this will look for families will look for families and we'll talk about waste. So that would be a great group patients absolutely top managers once again we have the specific job position so that could be in different types of companies but a specific position that would be absolutely possible. So as you can see here we have very different types of categories some are about the occupation, the work, some are about the age group or the gender. Some others can be also about socioeconomic background or about the identity as an LGBTQI person or as a refugee, someone who has experienced something something specific because they are a refugee or because they are the patient of a specific disease. It can be also other kind of things, you can also go to just be having an interest in ecology and the environment, people having an interest in biking, people who like sports, people, so you can speak about interest you can speak about activities people who actually do kayaking or judo, you can speak about opinions and views on the world, people who are, for example, we just spoke about the far right and the fascism, people who are just extremely striped by the far right fascism and want to react against this people have the specific view on the world and who are touched by a specific issue. So, these are as well groups and they can be very interesting groups, if your research has a link with that interest to look for this group and to connect with a partner that has access to this audience. So, how do we choose our audience, we for this, we will have to ask the following questions and bear in mind that once again, it can be, we can choose by demographics, meaning by age groups, socioeconomic background gender and elements like this, but we can also choose by psychographics by interests, activities, opinions and views and other elements like this things are quite open. The reason you may ask yourself are, once again, who is relevant for my research, who is in some ways linked with my research, who could contribute to my research, maybe they will have some ideas opinions views that could be beneficial to research, but all of course, who will also be interested by your research. But then, we can open it a bit more, and we can ask yourself with whom would I like to share my research and that can be quite personal. It can be because you think it's important to tell them about your research, but it can also be just because you'd like to meet those people and you are ready to do some efforts, because you think for you that this has a strong meaning or just as I spoke about migrants and or LGBTQI people, if you are moved by this question, maybe this is the group to whom you are ready to make these efforts and I think that is for me as well, this is a very valuable element. If there is a personal motivation in the researchers, we should use this, because this is will fuel the action and will actually support it to be better. With whom would you like personally to go and share your research for professional reasons or personal reasons. There is a wider question which is who is around, and that much may seem very anecdotal, but many of the engagement actions begin like this, to be to be honest in practice many of them begin because there is a school close close to my place, or I was in practice in tennis and there was this tennis groups of children and I thought maybe I could tell them about my research, so sometimes having a look who is around is a good start as well. Who do you have access to already, if you do an activity, if you have an interest, do you have access to specific groups already, can you use them for first public engagement action without too much efforts, and if it works well then you can do a second one with more time, it's difficult to reach audience. With whom would it be meaningful and motivating for you. And also speaking about inclusion, who does not usually have access to this kind of knowledge experience and you may want to be the one who makes the difference. So, I let you think about this. Once you have decided your audience you will you will think okay I am not alone with this audience, I will need support and I can have support. How do you need access to, this is the question you should ask yourself. Do I need access to what kind of infrastructure, what kinds of audience, what kinds of skills, what kinds of support. For example, do I need science engagement professionals to help me design my actions. And luckily there are plenty of universities you have some professionals that are some whose jobs is to support researchers in science engagement. If you all have this, well you have science centers and museums and the good thing is that you have here, Marie from excite from the European network of science centers and museums who can help me help you find your closest science center or science museum or science engagement association or any science engagement professional close to you that can help you in your action. You have Slovenian people in the room, and we you have here a photo from Hisha experiment off, which is an outstanding truly outstanding science center in Ljubljana who and they are fantastic not only for the exhibition, but also for the science show they run a science festival a science festival every year in Ljubljana and often in other cities of Slovenia as well. So when you work with them with your local center they could integrate you, not necessarily for an exhibit but also for a day of conference and action, going into a city and making a small center in a classroom which is the thing they often do, doing something in the science festivals there are plenty of ways to get involved with them. So I urge you to get in touch with the professionals because they also know the field very well, they do not only have access to skills but also to possible places and communities so these are truly truly important resource. So do you need access to some specific people some communities or some groups, either for the audience or for support. And for example, this is an example I like very much from an organization called the human library and the principle of these libraries that just like in the library you would come and borrow a book here you will come and borrow a human being for 15 minutes, and you will have a conversation with that human being for 15 minutes. So for example, you will come and say they will say today is the human library. And we have today to you can borrow someone who say I am an obese I am a refugee I am a body body someone who but modify my body. I am a homeless person, and you will borrow that person for 15 minutes and have a conversation and the whole goal of this obviously is to understand how the person you are meeting is way beyond the stereotypes you may have according to these kinds of people. And what you think a refugee is might be extremely different to what are actually refugee, what background they have what experience they have. So you will meet someone and that may open your views and it's all based on conversations of 15 minutes with people who have a label but often have do not fit the stereotype linked to this label. If you want to make something like this regarding your research, you will need some of these people that are related. So you will need them to support you and to be with you in this action. Communities if you want to, to work with a specific community will probably need to the community leader organizer and discuss with them how you can work together. You will need access to public spaces or places or services. These are examples from fun palaces here in Bristol, you have people in the Wellspring surgery so surgery where people get received treatments and see doctors and you do have consultations. And they are here painting some bikes, some city bikes that are free for everyone to use and that are being painted with health related messages. You can see the Bristol ferry I told it, I told about it last time as well, or up there also some young people working on with researchers on the impact of smoking. And if you want to have access to these places to a school to a surgery where you have patients to do an activity with them to a ferry transportation, you will have to find the related partners as well. So a lot will be about building a strong partnership to have the right setting to have access to the right audience. Here, you'll see this later a bit more commonly but you can see a wide range of possible actors that you can partner with, whether it is businesses, whether it is social enterprise NGOs, or the public sectors, policy makers, and how you can partner with them and have either skills or infrastructures or advice, or sometimes credibility so that people will get interested. Thank you very much for your participation in the session. A few questions for you for this week. First of all, in the topics audiences and partners you have already identified you find any alignment, anything that strikes you that maybe could be interesting and that could start the idea of the possible action. Is it easy at this stage? Is it easy to partner with these kinds of partners or is it difficult? Are these audiences hard to reach one or easy to reach one for you in your particular situation? So what seems easy or difficult to you? Can you have some first conversations about this, about just what you have imagined today with one of your peers, with the researchers that sits in the same office as you or with someone else at the coffee machine? Or can you discuss it with a non-researcher, maybe even with a potential partner, not sealing any deal for now, but just telling them, no, I thought about doing your public engagement action. Do you think I could do this in your supermarket? Do you think I could do this in your shop? Do you think I could chat with your community and see if we could do something together? So do you think this week you could think about these alignments, find what seems easy or difficult, and have a couple of conversations just to probe a little bit, feel a little bit where the difficulties lie but also where unexpected opportunities may arise?